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1. 前言
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 主要概念
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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3.3 集群管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.7" data-path="kubedns-addon-installation.html">
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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5. 领域应用
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5.1 微服务架构
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5.1.1 Istio
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5.1.1.1 安装istio
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5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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5.1.2 Linkerd
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5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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5.1.3 微服务中的服务发现
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5.2 大数据
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5.2.1 Spark on Kubernetes
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6. 开发指南
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6.1 开发环境搭建
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6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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6.3 client-go示例
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6.4 社区贡献
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7. 附录
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7.1 Docker最佳实践
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7.2 问题记录
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7.3 使用技巧
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<li>&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF0C;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x6700;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x7A33;&#x5B9A;API&#x7248;&#x672C;&#xFF08;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x662F;V1&#xFF09;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x5728;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;push&#x5230;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E2D;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x5F53;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x5FEB;&#x901F;&#x56DE;&#x6EDA;&#xFF0C;&#x5FC5;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5FEB;&#x901F;&#x7684;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x4F7F;&#x7528;YAML&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;JSON&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x5927;&#x591A;&#x6570;&#x573A;&#x666F;&#x4E0B;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x4EA4;&#x6362;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;YAML&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x6BD4;&#x8D77;JSON&#x66F4;&#x6613;&#x8BFB;&#x548C;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x5C3D;&#x91CF;&#x5C06;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x653E;&#x5728;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x91CC;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x6BD4;&#x5206;&#x6210;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x66F4;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x3002;&#x53C2;&#x8003;<a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/examples/guestbook/all-in-one/guestbook-all-in-one.yaml" target="_blank">guestbook-all-in-one.yaml</a>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#xFF08;&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#xFF0C;&#x5C3D;&#x7BA1;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>kubectl</code>&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x65F6;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E0B;&#x6267;&#x884C;<code>kubectl create</code>&#x2014;&#x2014;&#x67E5;&#x770B;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x8BE6;&#x7EC6;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF09;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x7B80;&#x5316;&#x548C;&#x6700;&#x5C0F;&#x5316;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x9632;&#x6B62;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x8981;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x4E0D;&#x5FC5;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x7701;&#x7565;&#x6389;<code>ReplicationController</code>&#x7684;selector&#x548C;label&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F60;&#x5E0C;&#x671B;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x8DDF;<code>podTemplate</code>&#x4E2D;&#x7684;label&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x8BDD;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x90A3;&#x4E9B;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x662F;<code>podTemplate</code>&#x7684;label&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x8BF7;&#x67E5;&#x770B; <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/examples/guestbook/" target="_blank">guestbook app</a> &#x7684;yaml&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x548C; <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/examples/guestbook/frontend-deployment.yaml" target="_blank">examples</a> &#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x5C06;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x653E;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;annotation&#x4E2D;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x66F4;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x7701;&#x3002;</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="&#x88F8;&#x7684;pods-vs-replication-controllers&#x548C;-jobs">&#x88F8;&#x7684;Pods vs Replication Controllers&#x548C; Jobs</h2>
<ul>
<li>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x6709;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x66FF;&#x4EE3;&#x201C;&#x88F8;&#x7684;&#x201C; pod&#xFF08;&#x5982;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x7ED1;&#x5B9A;&#x5230;<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/replication-controller" target="_blank">replication controller </a>&#x4E0A;&#x7684;pod&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x5C31;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x3002;&#x5728;node&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x6545;&#x969C;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x88F8;&#x5954;&#x7684;pod&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x88AB;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x8C03;&#x5EA6;&#x3002;Replication Controller&#x603B;&#x662F;&#x4F1A;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;pod&#xFF0C;&#x9664;&#x4E86;&#x660E;&#x786E;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x4E86;<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#restart-policy" target="_blank"><code>restartPolicy: Never</code></a> &#x7684;&#x573A;&#x666F;&#x3002;<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/jobs/run-to-completion-finite-workloads/" target="_blank">Job</a> &#x4E5F;&#x8BB8;&#x662F;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x5408;&#x9002;&#x7684;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x3002;</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="services">Services</h2>
<ul>
<li>&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x6700;&#x597D;&#x5728;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x7684;<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicationcontroller/" target="_blank">replication controllers</a>&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x5148;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/" target="_blank">service</a> &#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;Replication Controller&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x4E0D;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;replica&#x6570;&#x91CF;&#xFF08;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x662F;1&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;service&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;Replication Controller&#x6765;&#x6269;&#x5BB9;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x6269;&#x5BB9;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;replica&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x5148;&#x786E;&#x8BA4;pod&#x662F;&#x6B63;&#x5E38;&#x7684;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x9664;&#x975E;&#x5341;&#x5206;&#x5FC5;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#xFF08;&#x5982;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;node daemon&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x8981;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>hostPort</code>&#xFF08;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x66B4;&#x9732;&#x5728;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#x53F7;&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x4F60;&#x7ED9;Pod&#x7ED1;&#x5B9A;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>hostPort</code>&#xFF0C;&#x8BE5;pod&#x53EF;&#x88AB;&#x8C03;&#x5EA6;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x7684;&#x53D7;&#x9650;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#x51B2;&#x7A81;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x662F;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x8C03;&#x8BD5;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x6765;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x7684;&#x8BDD;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/http-proxy-access-api/" target="_blank">kubectl proxy and apiserver proxy</a> &#x6216;&#x8005; <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/port-forward-access-application-cluster/" target="_blank">kubectl port-forward</a>&#x3002;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/" target="_blank">Service</a> &#x6765;&#x5BF9;&#x5916;&#x66B4;&#x9732;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F60;&#x786E;&#x5B9E;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5C06;pod&#x7684;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#x66B4;&#x9732;&#x5230;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x8003;&#x8651;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/services/#type-nodeport" target="_blank">NodePort</a> service&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x8DDF;<code>hostPort</code>&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x539F;&#x56E0;&#xFF0C;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>hostNetwork</code>&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F60;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;kube-proxy&#x7684;&#x8D1F;&#x8F7D;&#x5747;&#x8861;&#x7684;&#x8BDD;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8003;&#x8651;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/services/#headless-services" target="_blank">headless services</a>&#x3002;</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="&#x4F7F;&#x7528;label">&#x4F7F;&#x7528;Label</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>&#x5B9A;&#x4E49; <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/labels/" target="_blank">labels</a> &#x6765;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x6216;Deployment&#x7684; <strong>semantic attributes</strong> &#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x5C06;label&#x9644;&#x52A0;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x7EC4;pod&#x6765;&#x663E;&#x5F0F;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x67D0;&#x4E9B;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;<code>service:myservice</code>&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x663E;&#x5F0F;&#x5730;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;pod&#x7684;replication controller&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;<code>controller:mycontroller</code>&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x9644;&#x52A0;label&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x662F;&#x6807;&#x793A;&#x8BED;&#x4E49;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x6807;&#x7B7E;&#xFF0C; &#x4F8B;&#x5982;<code>{app:myapp,tier:frontend,phase:test,deployment:v3}</code>&#x3002; &#x8FD9;&#x5C06;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x60A8;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x9002;&#x5408;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;&#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7EC4;&#x2014;&#x2014;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x201D;tier:frontend&#x201C;pod&#x7684;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6216;app&#x662F;&#x201C;myapp&#x201D;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x201C;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x201D;&#x9636;&#x6BB5;&#x7EC4;&#x4EF6;&#x3002; &#x6709;&#x5173;&#x6B64;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x7684;&#x793A;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x8BF7;&#x53C2;&#x9605;<a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/examples/guestbook/" target="_blank">guestbook</a>&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x5730;&#x4ECE;&#x5176;service&#x7684;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x5668;&#x4E2D;&#x7701;&#x7565;&#x7279;&#x5B9A;&#x4E8E;&#x53D1;&#x884C;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x6807;&#x7B7E;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x5668;&#x6765;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x5339;&#x914D;replication controller&#x7684;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x6765;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x8DE8;&#x8D8A;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x7684;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x6EDA;&#x52A8;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x3002;</p>
</li>
<li><p>&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x6EDA;&#x52A8;&#x5347;&#x7EA7;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x4FBF;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;Replication Controller&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x4E2D;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x7684;&#x540E;&#x7F00;&#x3002;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>version</code>&#x6807;&#x7B7E;&#x9875;&#x662F;&#x5F88;&#x6709;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x6EDA;&#x52A8;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;controller&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x73B0;&#x6709;&#x7684;controller&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;version&#x542B;&#x6DF7;&#x4E0D;&#x6E05;&#x7684;controller&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5E26;&#x6765;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x3002;&#x67E5;&#x770B;<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/run-application/rolling-update-replication-controller/" target="_blank">Rolling Update Replication Controller</a>&#x6587;&#x6863;&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x5173;&#x4E8E;&#x6EDA;&#x52A8;&#x5347;&#x7EA7;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6CE8;&#x610F; <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/" target="_blank">Deployment</a> &#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x518D;&#x7BA1;&#x7406; replication controller &#x7684;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x540D;&#x3002;Deployment &#x4E2D;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x4E86;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x671F;&#x671B;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x5BF9;spec&#x7684;&#x66F4;&#x6539;&#x88AB;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4E86;&#x8BDD;&#xFF0C;Deployment controller &#x4F1A;&#x4EE5;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x7684;&#x901F;&#x7387;&#x6765;&#x66F4;&#x6539;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x5230;&#x671F;&#x671B;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x3002;&#xFF08;Deployment&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x662F; <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api/#api-groups" target="_blank"><code>extensions</code> API Group</a>&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
</li>
<li><p>&#x5229;&#x7528;label&#x505A;&#x8C03;&#x8BD5;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;Kubernetes replication controller&#x548C;service&#x4F7F;&#x7528;label&#x6765;&#x5339;&#x914D;pods&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x4F60;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x79FB;&#x9664;pod&#x4E2D;&#x7684;label&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x5C06;&#x5176;&#x4ECE;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;controller&#x6216;&#x8005;service&#x4E2D;&#x79FB;&#x9664;&#xFF0C;&#x539F;&#x6765;&#x7684;controller&#x4F1A;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;pod&#x6765;&#x53D6;&#x4EE3;&#x79FB;&#x9664;&#x7684;pod&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5F88;&#x6709;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x5E2E;&#x4F60;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x9694;&#x79BB;&#x7684;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x4E2D;&#x8C03;&#x8BD5;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x201C;&#x6D3B;&#x7740;&#x7684;&#x201D; pod&#x3002;&#x67E5;&#x770B; <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/" target="_blank"><code>kubectl label</code></a> &#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x3002;</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x955C;&#x50CF;">&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x955C;&#x50CF;</h2>
<ul>
<li><p><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/containers/images/" target="_blank">&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x7B56;&#x7565;</a> &#x662F; <code>IfNotPresent</code>, &#x5F53;&#x672C;&#x5730;&#x5DF2;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x8BE5;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019; <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/kubelet/" target="_blank">Kubelet</a> &#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x518D;&#x4ECE;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x4ED3;&#x5E93;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F60;&#x5E0C;&#x671B;&#x603B;&#x662F;&#x4ECE;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x4ED3;&#x5E93;&#x4E2D;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;&#x8BDD;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;yaml&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x7B56;&#x7565;&#x4E3A;<code>Always</code>&#xFF08; <code>imagePullPolicy: Always</code>&#xFF09;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x7684;tag&#x4E3A; <code>:latest</code> &#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F60;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x5C06;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x6807;&#x7B7E;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x4E3A;<code>:latest</code>&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x4E3A;<code>myimage:v1</code>&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x8BE5;&#x6807;&#x7B7E;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4E86;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#xFF0C;kubelet&#x4E5F;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x8BE5;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x3002;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x6BCF;&#x6B21;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x540E;&#x90FD;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;tag&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;<code>myimage:v2</code>&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x660E;&#x786E;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x8BE5;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#xFF1A;</strong> &#x5728;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x4E0B;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x5C3D;&#x91CF;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>:latest</code>&#x6807;&#x7B7E;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x5F88;&#x96BE;&#x8FFD;&#x6EAF;&#x5230;&#x5E95;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x54EA;&#x4E2A;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x548C;&#x56DE;&#x6EDA;&#x3002;</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="&#x4F7F;&#x7528;kubectl">&#x4F7F;&#x7528;kubectl</h2>
<ul>
<li>&#x5C3D;&#x91CF;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>kubectl create -f &lt;directory&gt;</code> &#x3002;kubeclt&#x4F1A;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x67E5;&#x627E;&#x8BE5;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E0B;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x540E;&#x7F00;&#x540D;&#x4E3A;<code>.yaml</code>&#x3001;<code>.yml</code>&#x548C;<code>.json</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5E76;&#x5C06;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x7ED9;<code>create</code>&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>kubectl delete</code> &#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F; <code>stop</code>. <code>Delete</code> &#x662F; <code>stop</code>&#x7684;&#x8D85;&#x96C6;&#xFF0C;<code>stop</code> &#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x88AB;&#x5F03;&#x7528;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x4F7F;&#x7528; kubectl bulk &#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF08;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x6216;&#x8005;label&#xFF09;&#x6765;get&#x548C;delete&#x3002;&#x67E5;&#x770B;<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/labels/#label-selectors" target="_blank">label selectors </a>&#x548C; <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/manage-deployment/#using-labels-effectively" target="_blank">using labels effectively</a>&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>kubectl run</code> &#x548C; <code>expose</code> &#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x5FEB;&#x901F;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x5355;&#x4E2A;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x7684;Deployment&#x3002;&#x67E5;&#x770B; <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/quick-start/" target="_blank">quick start guide</a>&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x793A;&#x4F8B;&#x3002;</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="&#x53C2;&#x8003;">&#x53C2;&#x8003;</h2>
<p><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/overview/" target="_blank">Configuration Best Practices</a> </p>
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