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< title > 配置内置DNS（ ） < / title >
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< a href = "https://jimmysong.io" target = "_blank" class = "custom-link" > Jimmy Song< / a >
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< li class = "divider" > < / li >
< li class = "header" > 前言< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.1" data-path = "../" >
< a href = "../" >
< b > 1.1.< / b >
序言
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 云原生< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.1" data-path = "../cloud-native/play-with-kubernetes.html" >
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< a href = "../cloud-native/play-with-kubernetes.html" >
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< b > 2.1.< / b >
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Play with Kubernetes
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.2" data-path = "../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html" >
< a href = "../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html" >
< b > 2.2.< / b >
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Kubernetes与云原生应用概览
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "2.3" data-path = "../cloud-native/from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html" >
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< a href = "../cloud-native/from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html" >
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< b > 2.3.< / b >
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云原生应用之路——从Kubernetes到Cloud Native
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 概念与原理< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1" data-path = "../concepts/" >
< a href = "../concepts/" >
< b > 3.1.< / b >
Kubernetes架构
< / a >
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< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.1" data-path = "../concepts/concepts.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/concepts.html" >
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< b > 3.1.1.< / b >
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设计理念
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.2" data-path = "../concepts/etcd.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/etcd.html" >
< b > 3.1.2.< / b >
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Etcd解析
< / a >
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.3" data-path = "../concepts/open-interfaces.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/open-interfaces.html" >
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< b > 3.1.3.< / b >
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开放接口
< / a >
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< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.3.1" data-path = "../concepts/cri.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/cri.html" >
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< b > 3.1.3.1.< / b >
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CRI - Container Runtime Interface（ ）
< / a >
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.3.2" data-path = "../concepts/cni.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/cni.html" >
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< b > 3.1.3.2.< / b >
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CNI - Container Network Interface（ ）
< / a >
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.3.3" data-path = "../concepts/csi.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/csi.html" >
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< b > 3.1.3.3.< / b >
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CSI - Container Storage Interface（ ）
< / a >
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< / li >
< / ul >
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.4" data-path = "../concepts/networking.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/networking.html" >
< b > 3.1.4.< / b >
Kubernetes中的网络解析——以flannel为例
< / a >
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.5" data-path = "../concepts/calico.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/calico.html" >
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< b > 3.1.5.< / b >
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Kubernetes中的网络解析——以calico为例
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.6" data-path = "../concepts/objects.html" >
< a href = "../concepts/objects.html" >
< b > 3.1.6.< / b >
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资源对象与基本概念解析
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< / a >
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< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.6.1" data-path = "../concepts/pod-state-and-lifecycle.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/pod-state-and-lifecycle.html" >
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< b > 3.1.6.1.< / b >
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Pod状态与生命周期管理
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.6.2" data-path = "../concepts/pod-overview.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/pod-overview.html" >
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< b > 3.1.6.2.< / b >
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Pod概览
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< / a >
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.6.3" data-path = "../concepts/pod.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/pod.html" >
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< b > 3.1.6.3.< / b >
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Pod解析
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.6.4" data-path = "../concepts/init-containers.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/init-containers.html" >
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< b > 3.1.6.4.< / b >
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Init容器
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.6.5" data-path = "../concepts/pod-security-policy.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/pod-security-policy.html" >
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< b > 3.1.6.5.< / b >
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Pod安全策略
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.6.6" data-path = "../concepts/pod-lifecycle.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/pod-lifecycle.html" >
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< b > 3.1.6.6.< / b >
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Pod的生命周期
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.6.7" data-path = "../concepts/pod-hook.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/pod-hook.html" >
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< b > 3.1.6.7.< / b >
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Pod Hook
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.6.8" data-path = "../concepts/pod-preset.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/pod-preset.html" >
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< b > 3.1.6.8.< / b >
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Pod Preset
< / a >
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.6.9" data-path = "../concepts/pod-disruption-budget.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/pod-disruption-budget.html" >
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< b > 3.1.6.9.< / b >
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Pod中断与PDB（ ）
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.7" data-path = "../concepts/cluster.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/cluster.html" >
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< b > 3.1.7.< / b >
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集群配置
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< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.7.1" data-path = "../concepts/node.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/node.html" >
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< b > 3.1.7.1.< / b >
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Node
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.7.2" data-path = "../concepts/namespace.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/namespace.html" >
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< b > 3.1.7.2.< / b >
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Namespace
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.7.3" data-path = "../concepts/label.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/label.html" >
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< b > 3.1.7.3.< / b >
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Label
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.7.4" data-path = "../concepts/annotation.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/annotation.html" >
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< b > 3.1.7.4.< / b >
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Annotation
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.7.5" data-path = "../concepts/taint-and-toleration.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/taint-and-toleration.html" >
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< b > 3.1.7.5.< / b >
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Taint和Toleration（ ）
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.7.6" data-path = "../concepts/garbage-collection.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/garbage-collection.html" >
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< b > 3.1.7.6.< / b >
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垃圾收集
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.8" data-path = "../concepts/controllers.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/controllers.html" >
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< b > 3.1.8.< / b >
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控制器
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< / a >
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< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.8.1" data-path = "../concepts/deployment.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/deployment.html" >
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< b > 3.1.8.1.< / b >
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Deployment
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.8.2" data-path = "../concepts/statefulset.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/statefulset.html" >
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< b > 3.1.8.2.< / b >
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StatefulSet
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.8.3" data-path = "../concepts/daemonset.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/daemonset.html" >
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< b > 3.1.8.3.< / b >
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DaemonSet
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.8.4" data-path = "../concepts/replicaset.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/replicaset.html" >
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< b > 3.1.8.4.< / b >
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ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.8.5" data-path = "../concepts/job.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/job.html" >
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< b > 3.1.8.5.< / b >
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Job
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.8.6" data-path = "../concepts/cronjob.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/cronjob.html" >
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< b > 3.1.8.6.< / b >
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CronJob
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.8.7" data-path = "../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html" >
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< b > 3.1.8.7.< / b >
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Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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< a href = "../concepts/custom-metrics-hpa.html" >
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< b > 3.1.8.7.1.< / b >
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自定义指标HPA
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< a href = "../concepts/service-discovery.html" >
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< b > 3.1.9.< / b >
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服务发现
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< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.9.1" data-path = "../concepts/service.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/service.html" >
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< b > 3.1.9.1.< / b >
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Service
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.9.2" data-path = "../concepts/ingress.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/ingress.html" >
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< b > 3.1.9.2.< / b >
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Ingress
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.9.2.1" data-path = "../concepts/traefik-ingress-controller.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/traefik-ingress-controller.html" >
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< b > 3.1.9.2.1.< / b >
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Traefik Ingress Controller
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< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< / ul >
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.10" data-path = "../concepts/authentication-and-permission.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/authentication-and-permission.html" >
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< b > 3.1.10.< / b >
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身份与权限控制
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< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.10.1" data-path = "../concepts/serviceaccount.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/serviceaccount.html" >
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< b > 3.1.10.1.< / b >
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ServiceAccount
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.10.2" data-path = "../concepts/rbac.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/rbac.html" >
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< b > 3.1.10.2.< / b >
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RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
< / a >
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.10.3" data-path = "../concepts/network-policy.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/network-policy.html" >
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< b > 3.1.10.3.< / b >
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NetworkPolicy
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< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.11" data-path = "../concepts/storage.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/storage.html" >
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< b > 3.1.11.< / b >
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存储
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< / a >
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< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.11.1" data-path = "../concepts/secret.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/secret.html" >
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< b > 3.1.11.1.< / b >
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Secret
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.11.2" data-path = "../concepts/configmap.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/configmap.html" >
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< b > 3.1.11.2.< / b >
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ConfigMap
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.11.2.1" data-path = "../concepts/configmap-hot-update.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/configmap-hot-update.html" >
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< b > 3.1.11.2.1.< / b >
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ConfigMap的热更新
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< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.11.3" data-path = "../concepts/volume.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/volume.html" >
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< b > 3.1.11.3.< / b >
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Volume
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.11.4" data-path = "../concepts/persistent-volume.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/persistent-volume.html" >
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< b > 3.1.11.4.< / b >
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Persistent Volume（ ）
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< / a >
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.11.5" data-path = "../concepts/storageclass.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/storageclass.html" >
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< b > 3.1.11.5.< / b >
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Storage Class
< / a >
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< / li >
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< / ul >
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.12" data-path = "../concepts/extension.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/extension.html" >
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< b > 3.1.12.< / b >
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扩展
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.12.1" data-path = "../concepts/custom-resource.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/custom-resource.html" >
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< b > 3.1.12.1.< / b >
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使用自定义资源扩展API
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< / a >
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.12.2" data-path = "../concepts/aggregated-api-server.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/aggregated-api-server.html" >
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< b > 3.1.12.2.< / b >
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Aggregated API Server
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< / a >
2018-01-19 17:02:44 +08:00
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "3.1.12.3" data-path = "../concepts/apiservice.html" >
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< a href = "../concepts/apiservice.html" >
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< b > 3.1.12.3.< / b >
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APIService
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< / a >
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "header" > 用户指南< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.1" data-path = "../guide/" >
< a href = "../guide/" >
< b > 4.1.< / b >
用户指南
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2" data-path = "../guide/resource-configuration.html" >
< a href = "../guide/resource-configuration.html" >
< b > 4.2.< / b >
资源对象配置
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.1" data-path = "../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html" >
< a href = "../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html" >
< b > 4.2.1.< / b >
配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.2" data-path = "../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html" >
< a href = "../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html" >
< b > 4.2.2.< / b >
配置Pod的Service Account
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.3" data-path = "../guide/secret-configuration.html" >
< a href = "../guide/secret-configuration.html" >
< b > 4.2.3.< / b >
Secret配置
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.2.4" data-path = "../guide/resource-quota-management.html" >
< a href = "../guide/resource-quota-management.html" >
< b > 4.2.4.< / b >
管理namespace中的资源配额
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3" data-path = "../guide/command-usage.html" >
< a href = "../guide/command-usage.html" >
< b > 4.3.< / b >
命令使用
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.1" data-path = "../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html" >
< a href = "../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html" >
< b > 4.3.1.< / b >
docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.2" data-path = "../guide/using-kubectl.html" >
< a href = "../guide/using-kubectl.html" >
< b > 4.3.2.< / b >
kubectl命令概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.3" data-path = "../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html" >
< b > 4.3.3.< / b >
kubectl命令技巧大全
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.3.4" data-path = "../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html" >
< a href = "../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html" >
< b > 4.3.4.< / b >
使用etcdctl访问kubernetes数据
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4" data-path = "../guide/cluster-security-management.html" >
< a href = "../guide/cluster-security-management.html" >
< b > 4.4.< / b >
集群安全性管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.1" data-path = "../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html" >
< b > 4.4.1.< / b >
管理集群中的TLS
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.2" data-path = "../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html" >
< b > 4.4.2.< / b >
kubelet的认证授权
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.3" data-path = "../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html" >
< a href = "../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html" >
< b > 4.4.3.< / b >
TLS bootstrap
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.4" data-path = "../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html" >
< b > 4.4.4.< / b >
创建用户认证授权的kubeconfig文件
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.5" data-path = "../guide/ip-masq-agent.html" >
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< a href = "../guide/ip-masq-agent.html" >
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< b > 4.4.5.< / b >
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IP伪装代理
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.6" data-path = "../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html" >
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< a href = "../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html" >
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< b > 4.4.6.< / b >
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使用kubeconfig或token进行用户身份认证
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.4.7" data-path = "../guide/authentication.html" >
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< a href = "../guide/authentication.html" >
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< b > 4.4.7.< / b >
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2018-01-20 16:56:42 +08:00
Kubernetes中的用户与身份认证授权
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< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5" data-path = "../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html" >
< b > 4.5.< / b >
访问Kubernetes集群
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.1" data-path = "../guide/access-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/access-cluster.html" >
< b > 4.5.1.< / b >
访问集群
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.2" data-path = "../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html" >
< a href = "../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html" >
< b > 4.5.2.< / b >
使用kubeconfig文件配置跨集群认证
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.3" data-path = "../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html" >
< a href = "../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html" >
< b > 4.5.3.< / b >
通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.4" data-path = "../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html" >
< b > 4.5.4.< / b >
使用service访问群集中的应用程序
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.5" data-path = "../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html" >
< a href = "../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html" >
< b > 4.5.5.< / b >
从外部访问Kubernetes中的Pod
< / a >
< / li >
2018-01-14 21:13:12 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.6" data-path = "../guide/cabin-mobile-dashboard-for-kubernetes.html" >
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2018-01-14 21:13:12 +08:00
< a href = "../guide/cabin-mobile-dashboard-for-kubernetes.html" >
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< b > 4.5.6.< / b >
2018-01-14 21:13:12 +08:00
Cabin - Kubernetes手机客户端
2018-01-03 16:14:36 +08:00
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.7" data-path = "../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html" >
< b > 4.5.7.< / b >
Kubernetic - Kubernetes桌面客户端
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.5.8" data-path = "../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html" >
< a href = "../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html" >
< b > 4.5.8.< / b >
Kubernator - 更底层的Kubernetes UI
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6" data-path = "../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html" >
< a href = "../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html" >
< b > 4.6.< / b >
在Kubernetes中开发部署应用
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6.1" data-path = "../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 4.6.1.< / b >
适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6.2" data-path = "../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 4.6.2.< / b >
迁移传统应用到Kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "4.6.3" data-path = "../guide/using-statefulset.html" >
< a href = "../guide/using-statefulset.html" >
< b > 4.6.3.< / b >
使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 最佳实践< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.1" data-path = "./" >
< a href = "./" >
< b > 5.1.< / b >
最佳实践概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2" data-path = "install-kubernetes-on-centos.html" >
< a href = "install-kubernetes-on-centos.html" >
< b > 5.2.< / b >
在CentOS上部署Kubernetes集群
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.1" data-path = "create-tls-and-secret-key.html" >
< a href = "create-tls-and-secret-key.html" >
< b > 5.2.1.< / b >
创建TLS证书和秘钥
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.2" data-path = "create-kubeconfig.html" >
< a href = "create-kubeconfig.html" >
< b > 5.2.2.< / b >
创建kubeconfig文件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.3" data-path = "etcd-cluster-installation.html" >
< a href = "etcd-cluster-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.3.< / b >
创建高可用etcd集群
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.4" data-path = "kubectl-installation.html" >
< a href = "kubectl-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.4.< / b >
安装kubectl命令行工具
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.5" data-path = "master-installation.html" >
< a href = "master-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.5.< / b >
部署master节点
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.6" data-path = "flannel-installation.html" >
< a href = "flannel-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.6.< / b >
安装flannel网络插件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.7" data-path = "node-installation.html" >
< a href = "node-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.7.< / b >
部署node节点
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.8" data-path = "kubedns-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "kubedns-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.8.< / b >
安装kubedns插件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.9" data-path = "dashboard-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "dashboard-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.9.< / b >
安装dashboard插件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.10" data-path = "heapster-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "heapster-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.10.< / b >
安装heapster插件
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.2.11" data-path = "efk-addon-installation.html" >
< a href = "efk-addon-installation.html" >
< b > 5.2.11.< / b >
安装EFK插件
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3" data-path = "service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html" >
< a href = "service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html" >
< b > 5.3.< / b >
服务发现与负载均衡
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3.1" data-path = "traefik-ingress-installation.html" >
< a href = "traefik-ingress-installation.html" >
< b > 5.3.1.< / b >
安装Traefik ingress
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3.2" data-path = "distributed-load-test.html" >
< a href = "distributed-load-test.html" >
< b > 5.3.2.< / b >
分布式负载测试
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3.3" data-path = "network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html" >
< a href = "network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html" >
< b > 5.3.3.< / b >
网络和集群性能测试
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3.4" data-path = "edge-node-configuration.html" >
< a href = "edge-node-configuration.html" >
< b > 5.3.4.< / b >
边缘节点配置
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.3.5" data-path = "nginx-ingress-installation.html" >
< a href = "nginx-ingress-installation.html" >
< b > 5.3.5.< / b >
安装Nginx ingress
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter active" data-level = "5.3.6" data-path = "configuring-dns.html" >
< a href = "configuring-dns.html" >
< b > 5.3.6.< / b >
2018-01-03 16:26:15 +08:00
配置内置DNS（ ）
2018-01-03 16:14:36 +08:00
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4" data-path = "operation.html" >
< a href = "operation.html" >
< b > 5.4.< / b >
运维管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.1" data-path = "service-rolling-update.html" >
< a href = "service-rolling-update.html" >
< b > 5.4.1.< / b >
服务滚动升级
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.2" data-path = "app-log-collection.html" >
< a href = "app-log-collection.html" >
< b > 5.4.2.< / b >
应用日志收集
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.3" data-path = "configuration-best-practice.html" >
< a href = "configuration-best-practice.html" >
< b > 5.4.3.< / b >
配置最佳实践
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.4" data-path = "monitor.html" >
< a href = "monitor.html" >
< b > 5.4.4.< / b >
集群及应用监控
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.5" data-path = "data-persistence-problem.html" >
< a href = "data-persistence-problem.html" >
< b > 5.4.5.< / b >
数据持久化问题
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.4.6" data-path = "manage-compute-resources-container.html" >
< a href = "manage-compute-resources-container.html" >
< b > 5.4.6.< / b >
管理容器的计算资源
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5" data-path = "storage.html" >
< a href = "storage.html" >
< b > 5.5.< / b >
存储管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.1" data-path = "glusterfs.html" >
< a href = "glusterfs.html" >
< b > 5.5.1.< / b >
GlusterFS
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.1.1" data-path = "using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 5.5.1.1.< / b >
使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.1.2" data-path = "storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
< a href = "storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
< b > 5.5.1.2.< / b >
在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.2" data-path = "cephfs.html" >
< a href = "cephfs.html" >
< b > 5.5.2.< / b >
CephFS
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.2.1" data-path = "using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 5.5.2.1.< / b >
使用Ceph做持久化存储
< / a >
2018-01-05 16:34:39 +08:00
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.3" data-path = "openebs.html" >
< a href = "openebs.html" >
< b > 5.5.3.< / b >
OpenEBS
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.5.3.1" data-path = "using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< a href = "using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
< b > 5.5.3.1.< / b >
使用OpenEBS做持久化存储
< / a >
2018-01-03 16:14:36 +08:00
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6" data-path = "monitoring.html" >
< a href = "monitoring.html" >
< b > 5.6.< / b >
集群与应用监控
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.1" data-path = "heapster.html" >
< a href = "heapster.html" >
< b > 5.6.1.< / b >
Heapster
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.1.1" data-path = "using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html" >
< a href = "using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html" >
< b > 5.6.1.1.< / b >
使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.2" data-path = "prometheus.html" >
< a href = "prometheus.html" >
< b > 5.6.2.< / b >
Prometheus
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.6.2.1" data-path = "using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
< a href = "using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
< b > 5.6.2.1.< / b >
使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7" data-path = "services-management-tool.html" >
< a href = "services-management-tool.html" >
< b > 5.7.< / b >
服务编排管理
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7.1" data-path = "helm.html" >
< a href = "helm.html" >
< b > 5.7.1.< / b >
使用Helm管理kubernetes应用
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.7.2" data-path = "create-private-charts-repo.html" >
< a href = "create-private-charts-repo.html" >
< b > 5.7.2.< / b >
构建私有Chart仓库
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.8" data-path = "ci-cd.html" >
< a href = "ci-cd.html" >
< b > 5.8.< / b >
持续集成与发布
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.8.1" data-path = "jenkins-ci-cd.html" >
< a href = "jenkins-ci-cd.html" >
< b > 5.8.1.< / b >
使用Jenkins进行持续集成与发布
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.8.2" data-path = "drone-ci-cd.html" >
< a href = "drone-ci-cd.html" >
< b > 5.8.2.< / b >
使用Drone进行持续集成与发布
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.9" data-path = "update-and-upgrade.html" >
< a href = "update-and-upgrade.html" >
< b > 5.9.< / b >
更新与升级
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.9.1" data-path = "manually-upgrade.html" >
< a href = "manually-upgrade.html" >
< b > 5.9.1.< / b >
手动升级Kubernetes集群
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "5.9.2" data-path = "dashboard-upgrade.html" >
< a href = "dashboard-upgrade.html" >
< b > 5.9.2.< / b >
升级dashboard
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 领域应用< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.1" data-path = "../usecases/" >
< a href = "../usecases/" >
< b > 6.1.< / b >
领域应用概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2" data-path = "../usecases/microservices.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/microservices.html" >
< b > 6.2.< / b >
微服务架构
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html" >
< b > 6.2.1.< / b >
微服务中的服务发现
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3" data-path = "../usecases/service-mesh.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh.html" >
< b > 6.3.< / b >
Service Mesh 服务网格
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.1" data-path = "../usecases/istio.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/istio.html" >
< b > 6.3.1.< / b >
Istio
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.1.1" data-path = "../usecases/istio-installation.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/istio-installation.html" >
< b > 6.3.1.1.< / b >
安装并试用Istio service mesh
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.1.2" data-path = "../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html" >
< b > 6.3.1.2.< / b >
配置请求的路由规则
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.1.3" data-path = "../usecases/install-and-expand-istio-mesh.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/install-and-expand-istio-mesh.html" >
< b > 6.3.1.3.< / b >
安装和拓展Istio service mesh
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.1.4" data-path = "../usecases/integrating-vms.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/integrating-vms.html" >
< b > 6.3.1.4.< / b >
集成虚拟机
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.2" data-path = "../usecases/linkerd.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/linkerd.html" >
< b > 6.3.2.< / b >
Linkerd
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html" >
< b > 6.3.2.1.< / b >
Linkerd 使用指南
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.3" data-path = "../usecases/conduit.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/conduit.html" >
< b > 6.3.3.< / b >
Conduit
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.3.1" data-path = "../usecases/conduit-overview.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/conduit-overview.html" >
< b > 6.3.3.1.< / b >
Condiut概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.3.3.2" data-path = "../usecases/conduit-installation.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/conduit-installation.html" >
< b > 6.3.3.2.< / b >
安装Conduit
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4" data-path = "../usecases/big-data.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/big-data.html" >
< b > 6.4.< / b >
大数据
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.1" data-path = "../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
< b > 6.4.1.< / b >
Spark standalone on Kubernetes
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.4.2" data-path = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
< b > 6.4.2.< / b >
运行支持Kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5" data-path = "../usecases/serverless.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/serverless.html" >
< b > 6.5.< / b >
Serverless架构
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5.1" data-path = "../usecases/understanding-serverless.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/understanding-serverless.html" >
< b > 6.5.1.< / b >
理解Serverless
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5.2" data-path = "../usecases/faas.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/faas.html" >
< b > 6.5.2.< / b >
FaaS-函数即服务
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.5.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html" >
< b > 6.5.2.1.< / b >
OpenFaaS快速入门指南
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "6.6" data-path = "../usecases/edge-computing.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/edge-computing.html" >
< b > 6.6.< / b >
边缘计算
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 开发指南< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.1" data-path = "../develop/" >
< a href = "../develop/" >
< b > 7.1.< / b >
开发指南概览
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.2" data-path = "../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html" >
< a href = "../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html" >
< b > 7.2.< / b >
SIG和工作组
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.3" data-path = "../develop/developing-environment.html" >
< a href = "../develop/developing-environment.html" >
< b > 7.3.< / b >
开发环境搭建
< / a >
< / li >
2018-02-01 17:32:19 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.4" data-path = "../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html" >
2018-01-03 16:14:36 +08:00
2018-02-01 17:32:19 +08:00
< a href = "../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html" >
2018-01-03 16:14:36 +08:00
< b > 7.4.< / b >
2018-02-01 17:32:19 +08:00
本地分布式开发环境搭建（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.5" data-path = "../develop/testing.html" >
< a href = "../develop/testing.html" >
< b > 7.5.< / b >
2018-01-03 16:14:36 +08:00
单元测试和集成测试
< / a >
< / li >
2018-02-01 17:32:19 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.6" data-path = "../develop/client-go-sample.html" >
2018-01-03 16:14:36 +08:00
< a href = "../develop/client-go-sample.html" >
2018-02-01 17:32:19 +08:00
< b > 7.6.< / b >
2018-01-03 16:14:36 +08:00
client-go示例
< / a >
< / li >
2018-02-01 17:32:19 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.7" data-path = "../develop/operator.html" >
2018-01-03 16:14:36 +08:00
2018-01-09 19:14:30 +08:00
< a href = "../develop/operator.html" >
2018-01-03 16:14:36 +08:00
2018-02-01 17:32:19 +08:00
< b > 7.7.< / b >
2018-01-03 16:14:36 +08:00
2018-01-09 19:14:30 +08:00
Operator
< / a >
< / li >
2018-02-11 10:00:15 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.8" data-path = "../develop/advance-developer.html" >
2018-01-09 19:14:30 +08:00
2018-02-11 10:00:15 +08:00
< a href = "../develop/advance-developer.html" >
2018-01-09 19:14:30 +08:00
2018-02-01 17:32:19 +08:00
< b > 7.8.< / b >
2018-01-09 19:14:30 +08:00
2018-02-11 10:00:15 +08:00
高级开发指南
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.9" data-path = "../develop/contribute.html" >
< a href = "../develop/contribute.html" >
< b > 7.9.< / b >
2018-01-03 16:14:36 +08:00
社区贡献
< / a >
< / li >
2018-02-11 10:00:15 +08:00
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "7.10" data-path = "../develop/minikube.html" >
2018-01-03 16:14:36 +08:00
< a href = "../develop/minikube.html" >
2018-02-11 10:00:15 +08:00
< b > 7.10.< / b >
2018-01-03 16:14:36 +08:00
Minikube
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "header" > 附录< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.1" data-path = "../appendix/" >
< a href = "../appendix/" >
< b > 8.1.< / b >
附录说明
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.2" data-path = "../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html" >
< b > 8.2.< / b >
Kubernetes中的应用故障排查
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.3" data-path = "../appendix/material-share.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/material-share.html" >
< b > 8.3.< / b >
Kubernetes相关资讯和情报链接
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.4" data-path = "../appendix/docker-best-practice.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/docker-best-practice.html" >
< b > 8.4.< / b >
Docker最佳实践
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.5" data-path = "../appendix/tricks.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/tricks.html" >
< b > 8.5.< / b >
使用技巧
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.6" data-path = "../appendix/issues.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/issues.html" >
< b > 8.6.< / b >
问题记录
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.7" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-changelog.html" >
< b > 8.7.< / b >
Kubernetes版本更新日志
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.7.1" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.7-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.7-changelog.html" >
< b > 8.7.1.< / b >
Kubernetes1.7更新日志
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.7.2" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.8-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.8-changelog.html" >
< b > 8.7.2.< / b >
Kubernetes1.8更新日志
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.7.3" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.9-changelog.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-1.9-changelog.html" >
< b > 8.7.3.< / b >
Kubernetes1.9更新日志
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.8" data-path = "../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html" >
< b > 8.8.< / b >
Kubernetes及云原生年度总结及展望
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "8.8.1" data-path = "../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html" >
< b > 8.8.1.< / b >
Kubernetes与云原生2017年年终总结及2018年展望
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "divider" > < / li >
< li >
< a href = "https://www.gitbook.com" target = "blank" class = "gitbook-link" >
本书使用 GitBook 发布
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / div >
< div class = "book-body" >
< div class = "body-inner" >
< div class = "book-header" role = "navigation" >
<!-- Title -->
< h1 >
< i class = "fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin" > < / i >
2018-01-03 16:26:15 +08:00
< a href = ".." > 配置内置DNS（ ） < / a >
2018-01-03 16:14:36 +08:00
< / h1 >
< / div >
< div class = "page-wrapper" tabindex = "-1" role = "main" >
< div class = "page-inner" >
< div class = "search-plus" id = "book-search-results" >
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< section class = "normal markdown-section" >
< h1 id = "配置内置dns（kube-dns）" > 配 置 内 置 DNS（ kube-dns） < / h1 >
< p > 在 我 们 安 装 Kubernetes集 群 的 时 候 就 已 经 安 装 了 kube-dns插 件 ， 这 个 插 件 也 是 官 方 推 荐 安 装 的 。 通 过 将 Service 注 册 到 DNS 中 ， Kuberentes 可 以 为 我 们 提 供 一 种 简 单 的 服 务 注 册 发 现 与 负 载 均 衡 方 式 。 < / p >
< p > < a href = "https://coredns.io" target = "_blank" > CoreDNS< / a > 作 为 CNCF中 的 托 管 的 一 个 项 目 ， 在 Kuberentes1.9版 本 中 ， 使 用 kubeadm方 式 安 装 的 集 群 可 以 通 过 以 下 命 令 直 接 安 装 CoreDNS。 < / p >
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< pre class = "language-" > < code class = "lang-bash" > kubeadm init --feature-gates< span class = "token operator" > =< / span > CoreDNS< span class = "token operator" > =< / span > true
2018-01-03 16:14:36 +08:00
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 您 也 可 以 使 用 CoreDNS替 换 Kubernetes插 件 kube-dns， 可 以 使 用 Pod 部 署 也 可 以 独 立 部 署 ， 请 参 考 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/coredns/" target = "_blank" > Using CoreDNS for Service Discovery< / a > ， 下 文 将 介 绍 如 何 配 置 kube-dns。 < / p >
< h2 id = "kube-dns" > kube-dns< / h2 >
< p > kube-dns是 Kubernetes中 的 一 个 内 置 插 件 ， 目 前 作 为 一 个 独 立 的 开 源 项 目 维 护 ， 见 < a href = "https://github.com/kubernetes/dns。" target = "_blank" > https://github.com/kubernetes/dns。 < / a > < / p >
< p > 下 文 中 给 出 了 配 置 DNS Pod 的 提 示 和 定 义 DNS 解 析 过 程 以 及 诊 断 DNS 问 题 的 指 南 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "前提要求" > 前 提 要 求 < / h2 >
< ul >
< li > Kubernetes 1.6 及 以 上 版 本 。 < / li >
< li > 集 群 必 须 使 用 < code > kube-dns< / code > 插 件 进 行 配 置 。 < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "kube-dns-介绍" > kube-dns 介 绍 < / h2 >
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< p > 从 Kubernetes v1.3 版 本 开 始 ， 使 用 cluster add-on 插 件 管 理 器 回 自 动 启 动 内 置 的 DNS。 < / p >
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< p > Kubernetes DNS pod 中 包 括 3 个 容 器 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > < code > kubedns< / code > ： < code > kubedns< / code > 进 程 监 视 Kubernetes master 中 的 Service 和 Endpoint 的 变 化 ， 并 维 护 内 存 查 找 结 构 来 服 务 DNS请 求 。 < / li >
< li > < code > dnsmasq< / code > ： < code > dnsmasq< / code > 容 器 添 加 DNS 缓 存 以 提 高 性 能 。 < / li >
< li > < code > sidecar< / code > ： < code > sidecar< / code > 容 器 在 执 行 双 重 健 康 检 查 （ 针 对 < code > dnsmasq< / code > 和 < code > kubedns< / code > ） 时 提 供 单 个 健 康 检 查 端 点 （ 监 听 在 10054端 口 ） 。 < / li >
< / ul >
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< p > DNS pod 具 有 静 态 IP 并 作 为 Kubernetes 服 务 暴 露 出 来 。 该 静 态 IP 分 配 后 ， kubelet 会 将 使 用 < code > --cluster-dns = < span class = "token tag" > < span class = "token tag" > < span class = "token punctuation" > < < / span > dns-service-ip< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > > < / span > < / span > < / code > 标 志 配 置 的 DNS 传 递 给 每 个 容 器 。 < / p >
< p > DNS 名 称 也 需 要 域 名 。 本 地 域 可 以 使 用 标 志 < code > --cluster-domain = < span class = "token tag" > < span class = "token tag" > < span class = "token punctuation" > < < / span > default-local-domain< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > > < / span > < / span > < / code > 在 kubelet 中 配 置 。 < / p >
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< p > Kubernetes集 群 DNS服 务 器 基 于 < a href = "https://github.com/skynetservices/skydns" target = "_blank" > SkyDNS< / a > 库 。 它 支 持 正 向 查 找 （ A 记 录 ） ， 服 务 查 找 （ SRV 记 录 ） 和 反 向 IP 地 址 查 找 （ PTR 记 录 ） < / p >
< h2 id = "kube-dns-支持的-dns-格式" > kube-dns 支 持 的 DNS 格 式 < / h2 >
< p > kube-dns 将 分 别 为 service 和 pod 生 成 不 同 格 式 的 DNS 记 录 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > Service< / strong > < / p >
< ul >
< li > A记 录 ： 生 成 < code > my-svc.my-namespace.svc.cluster.local< / code > 域 名 ， 解 析 成 IP 地 址 ， 分 为 两 种 情 况 ： < ul >
< li > 普 通 Service： 解 析 成 ClusterIP< / li >
< li > Headless Service： 解 析 为 指 定 Pod 的 IP 列 表 < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > SRV记 录 ： 为 命 名 的 端 口 （ 普 通 Service 或 Headless Service） 生 成 < code > _my-port-name._my-port-protocol.my-svc.my-namespace.svc.cluster.local< / code > 的 域 名 < / li >
< / ul >
< p > < strong > Pod< / strong > < / p >
< ul >
< li > A记 录 ： 生 成 域 名 < code > pod-ip.my-namespace.pod.cluster.local< / code > < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "kube-dns-存根域名" > kube-dns 存 根 域 名 < / h2 >
< p > 可 以 在 Pod 中 指 定 hostname 和 subdomain： < code > hostname.custom-subdomain.default.svc.cluster.local< / code > ， 例 如 ： < / p >
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< pre class = "language-" > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "token key atrule" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > v1
< span class = "token key atrule" > kind< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > Pod
< span class = "token key atrule" > metadata< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span >
< span class = "token key atrule" > name< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > busybox
< span class = "token key atrule" > labels< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span >
< span class = "token key atrule" > name< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > busybox
< span class = "token key atrule" > spec< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span >
< span class = "token key atrule" > hostname< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > busybox< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > < span class = "token number" > 1< / span >
< span class = "token key atrule" > subdomain< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > busybox< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > subdomain
< span class = "token key atrule" > containers< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span >
< span class = "token key atrule" > name< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > busybox
< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > < span class = "token key atrule" > image< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > busybox
< span class = "token key atrule" > command< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span >
< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > sleep
< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > < span class = "token string" > " 3600" < / span >
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< / code > < / pre >
< p > 该 Pod 的 域 名 是 < code > busybox-1.busybox-subdomain.default.svc.cluster.local< / code > 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "继承节点的-dns" > 继 承 节 点 的 DNS< / h2 >
< p > 运 行 Pod 时 ， kubelet 将 预 先 配 置 集 群 DNS 服 务 器 到 Pod 中 ， 并 搜 索 节 点 自 己 的 DNS 设 置 路 径 。 如 果 节 点 能 够 解 析 特 定 于 较 大 环 境 的 DNS 名 称 ， 那 么 Pod 应 该 也 能 够 解 析 。 请 参 阅 下 面 的 < a href = "#known-issues" > 已 知 问 题 < / a > 以 了 解 警 告 。 < / p >
< p > 如 果 您 不 想 要 这 个 ， 或 者 您 想 要 为 Pod 设 置 不 同 的 DNS 配 置 ， 您 可 以 给 kubelet 指 定 < code > --resolv-conf< / code > 标 志 。 将 该 值 设 置 为 " " 意 味 着 Pod 不 继 承 DNS。 将 其 设 置 为 有 效 的 文 件 路 径 意 味 着 kubelet 将 使 用 此 文 件 而 不 是 < code > /etc/resolv.conf< / code > 用 于 DNS 继 承 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "配置存根域和上游-dns-服务器" > 配 置 存 根 域 和 上 游 DNS 服 务 器 < / h2 >
< p > 通 过 为 kube-dns （ < code > kube-system:kube-dns< / code > ） 提 供 一 个 ConfigMap， 集 群 管 理 员 能 够 指 定 自 定 义 存 根 域 和 上 游 nameserver。 < / p >
< p > 例 如 ， 下 面 的 ConfigMap 建 立 了 一 个 DNS 配 置 ， 它 具 有 一 个 单 独 的 存 根 域 和 两 个 上 游 nameserver： < / p >
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< pre class = "language-" > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "token key atrule" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > v1
< span class = "token key atrule" > kind< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > ConfigMap
< span class = "token key atrule" > metadata< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span >
< span class = "token key atrule" > name< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > kube< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > dns
< span class = "token key atrule" > namespace< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > kube< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > system
< span class = "token key atrule" > data< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span >
< span class = "token key atrule" > stubDomains< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > |< / span > < span class = "token scalar string" >
{“ acme.local” : [“ 1.2.3.4” ]}< / span >
< span class = "token key atrule" > upstreamNameservers< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > |< / span > < span class = "token scalar string" >
[“ 8.8.8.8” , “ 8.8.4.4” ]< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > 如 上 面 指 定 的 那 样 ， 带 有 “ .acme.local” 后 缀 的 DNS 请 求 被 转 发 到 1.2.3.4 处 监 听 的 DNS。 Google Public DNS 为 上 游 查 询 提 供 服 务 。 < / p >
< p > 下 表 描 述 了 如 何 将 具 有 特 定 域 名 的 查 询 映 射 到 其 目 标 DNS服 务 器 ： < / p >
< table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th > 域 名 < / th >
< th > 响 应 查 询 的 服 务 器 < / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td > kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local< / td >
< td > kube-dns< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > foo.acme.local< / td >
< td > 自 定 义 DNS (1.2.3.4)< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > widget.com< / td >
< td > 上 游 DNS (8.8.8.8 或 8.8.4.4)< / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< p > 查 看 < a href = "#configmap-options" > ConfigMap 选 项 < / a > 获 取 更 多 关 于 配 置 选 项 格 式 的 详 细 信 息 。 < / p >
< h3 id = "对-pod-的影响" > 对 Pod 的 影 响 < / h3 >
< p > 自 定 义 的 上 游 名 称 服 务 器 和 存 根 域 不 会 影 响 那 些 将 自 己 的 < code > dnsPolicy< / code > 设 置 为 < code > Default< / code > 或 者 < code > None< / code > 的 Pod。 < / p >
< p > 如 果 Pod 的 < code > dnsPolicy< / code > 设 置 为 “ < code > ClusterFirst< / code > ” ， 则 其 名 称 解 析 将 按 其 他 方 式 处 理 ， 具 体 取 决 于 存 根 域 和 上 游 DNS 服 务 器 的 配 置 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 未 进 行 自 定 义 配 置 < / strong > ： 没 有 匹 配 上 配 置 的 集 群 域 名 后 缀 的 任 何 请 求 ， 例 如 “ www.kubernetes.io” ， 将 会 被 转 发 到 继 承 自 节 点 的 上 游 nameserver。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 进 行 自 定 义 配 置 < / strong > ： 如 果 配 置 了 存 根 域 和 上 游 DNS 服 务 器 （ 和 在 < a href = "#configuring-stub-domain-and-upstream-dns-servers" > 前 面 例 子 < / a > 配 置 的 一 样 ） ， DNS 查 询 将 根 据 下 面 的 流 程 进 行 路 由 ： < / p >
< ol >
< li > < p > 查 询 首 先 被 发 送 到 kube-dns 中 的 DNS 缓 存 层 。 < / p >
< / li >
< li > < p > 从 缓 存 层 ， 检 查 请 求 的 后 缀 ， 并 转 发 到 合 适 的 DNS 上 ， 基 于 如 下 的 示 例 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > < em > 具 有 集 群 后 缀 的 名 字 < / em > （ 例 如 “ .cluster.local” ） ： 请 求 被 发 送 到 kube-dns。 < / li >
< li > < em > 具 有 存 根 域 后 缀 的 名 字 < / em > （ 例 如 “ .acme.local” ） ： 请 求 被 发 送 到 配 置 的 自 定 义 DNS 解 析 器 （ 例 如 ： 监 听 在 1.2.3.4） 。 < / li >
< li > < em > 不 具 有 能 匹 配 上 后 缀 的 名 字 < / em > （ 例 如 “ widget.com” ） ： 请 求 被 转 发 到 上 游 DNS（ 例 如 ： Google 公 共 DNS 服 务 器 ， 8.8.8.8 和 8.8.4.4） 。 < / li >
< / ul >
< figure id = "fig5.3.6.1" > < img src = "https://d33wubrfki0l68.cloudfront.net/340889cb80e81dcd19a16bc34697a7907e2b229a/24ad0/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/dns-custom-nameservers/dns.png" alt = "DNS lookup flow" > < figcaption > 图 片 - DNS lookup flow< / figcaption > < / figure >
< / li >
< / ol >
< h2 id = "configmap-选项" > ConfigMap 选 项 < / h2 >
< p > kube-dns < code > kube-system:kube-dns< / code > ConfigMap 的 选 项 如 下 所 示 ： < / p >
< table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th > 字 段 < / th >
< th > 格 式 < / th >
< th > 描 述 < / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td > < code > stubDomains< / code > （ 可 选 ） < / td >
< td > 使 用 DNS 后 缀 key 的 JSON map（ 例 如 “ acme.local” ） ， 以 及 DNS IP 的 JSON 数 组 作 为 value。 < / td >
< td > 目 标 nameserver 可 能 是 一 个 Kubernetes Service。 例 如 ， 可 以 运 行 自 己 的 dnsmasq 副 本 ， 将 DNS 名 字 暴 露 到 ClusterDNS namespace 中 。 < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < code > upstreamNameservers< / code > （ 可 选 ） < / td >
< td > DNS IP 的 JSON 数 组 。 < / td >
< td > 注 意 ： 如 果 指 定 ， 则 指 定 的 值 会 替 换 掉 被 默 认 从 节 点 的 < code > /etc/resolv.conf< / code > 中 获 取 到 的 nameserver。 限 制 ： 最 多 可 以 指 定 三 个 上 游 nameserver。 < / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< h3 id = "示例" > 示 例 < / h3 >
< h4 id = "示例：存根域" > 示 例 ： 存 根 域 < / h4 >
< p > 在 这 个 例 子 中 ， 用 户 有 一 个 Consul DNS 服 务 发 现 系 统 ， 他 们 希 望 能 够 与 kube-dns 集 成 起 来 。 Consul 域 名 服 务 器 地 址 为 10.150.0.1， 所 有 的 Consul 名 字 具 有 后 缀 “ .consul.local” 。 要 配 置 Kubernetes， 集 群 管 理 员 只 需 要 简 单 地 创 建 一 个 ConfigMap 对 象 ， 如 下 所 示 ： < / p >
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< pre class = "language-" > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "token key atrule" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > v1
< span class = "token key atrule" > kind< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > ConfigMap
< span class = "token key atrule" > metadata< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span >
< span class = "token key atrule" > name< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > kube< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > dns
< span class = "token key atrule" > namespace< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > kube< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > system
< span class = "token key atrule" > data< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span >
< span class = "token key atrule" > stubDomains< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > |< / span > < span class = "token scalar string" >
{“ consul.local” : [“ 10.150.0.1” ]}< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > 注 意 ， 集 群 管 理 员 不 希 望 覆 盖 节 点 的 上 游 nameserver， 所 以 他 们 不 会 指 定 可 选 的 < code > upstreamNameservers< / code > 字 段 。 < / p >
< h4 id = "示例：上游-nameserver" > 示 例 ： 上 游 nameserver< / h4 >
< p > 在 这 个 示 例 中 ， 集 群 管 理 员 不 希 望 显 式 地 强 制 所 有 非 集 群 DNS 查 询 进 入 到 他 们 自 己 的 nameserver 172.16.0.1。 而 且 这 很 容 易 实 现 ： 他 们 只 需 要 创 建 一 个 ConfigMap， < code > upstreamNameservers< / code > 字 段 指 定 期 望 的 nameserver 即 可 。 < / p >
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< pre class = "language-" > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "token key atrule" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > v1
< span class = "token key atrule" > kind< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > ConfigMap
< span class = "token key atrule" > metadata< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span >
< span class = "token key atrule" > name< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > kube< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > dns
< span class = "token key atrule" > namespace< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > kube< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > system
< span class = "token key atrule" > data< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span >
< span class = "token key atrule" > upstreamNameservers< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > |< / span > < span class = "token scalar string" >
[“ 172.16.0.1” ]< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
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< h2 id = "调试-dns-解析" > 调 试 DNS 解 析 < / h2 >
< h3 id = "创建一个简单的-pod-用作测试环境" > 创 建 一 个 简 单 的 Pod 用 作 测 试 环 境 < / h3 >
< p > 创 建 一 个 名 为 busybox.yaml 的 文 件 ， 其 中 包 括 以 下 内 容 ： < / p >
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< pre class = "language-" > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "token key atrule" > apiVersion< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > v1
< span class = "token key atrule" > kind< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > Pod
< span class = "token key atrule" > metadata< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span >
< span class = "token key atrule" > name< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > busybox
< span class = "token key atrule" > namespace< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > default
< span class = "token key atrule" > spec< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span >
< span class = "token key atrule" > containers< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span >
< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > < span class = "token key atrule" > name< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > busybox
< span class = "token key atrule" > image< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > busybox
< span class = "token key atrule" > command< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span >
< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > sleep
< span class = "token punctuation" > -< / span > < span class = "token string" > " 3600" < / span >
< span class = "token key atrule" > imagePullPolicy< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > IfNotPresent
< span class = "token key atrule" > restartPolicy< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > :< / span > Always
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< / code > < / pre >
< p > 使 用 该 文 件 创 建 Pod 并 验 证 其 状 态 ： < / p >
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< pre class = "language-" > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl create -f busybox.yaml
pod < span class = "token string" > " busybox" < / span > created
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$ kubectl get pods busybox
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
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busybox 1/1 Running 0 < span class = "token operator" > < < / span > some-time< span class = "token operator" > > < / span >
​
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< / code > < / pre >
< p > 该 Pod 运 行 后 ， 您 可 以 在 它 的 环 境 中 执 行 < code > nslookup< / code > 。 如 果 您 看 到 类 似 如 下 的 输 出 ， 表 示 DNS 正 在 正 确 工 作 。 < / p >
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< p > ​ ```bash
$ kubectl exec -ti busybox -- nslookup kubernetes.default
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Server: 10.0.0.10
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Address 1: 10.0.0.10< / p >
< p > Name: kubernetes.default
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Address 1: 10.0.0.1
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​ ```< / p >
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< p > 如 果 < code > nslookup< / code > 命 令 失 败 ， 检 查 如 下 内 容 ： < / p >
< h3 id = "首先检查本地-dns-配置" > 首 先 检 查 本 地 DNS 配 置 < / h3 >
< p > 查 看 下 resolv.conf 文 件 。 （ 参 考 < a href = "inheriting-dns-from-the-node" > 集 成 节 点 的 DNS< / a > 和 下 面 的 < a href = "#known-issues" > 已 知 问 题 < / a > 获 取 更 多 信 息 ） < / p >
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< p > ​ < code > bash
$ kubectl exec busybox cat /etc/resolv.conf
​ < / code > < / p >
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< p > 验 证 搜 索 路 径 和 名 称 服 务 器 设 置 如 下 （ 请 注 意 ， 搜 索 路 径 可 能 因 不 同 的 云 提 供 商 而 异 ） ： < / p >
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< p > ​ < code > search default.svc.cluster.local svc.cluster.local cluster.local google.internal c.gce_project_id.internal
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nameserver 10.0.0.10
options ndots:5
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​ < / code > < / p >
< p > 如 果 看 到 如 下 错 误 表 明 错 误 来 自 kube-dns 或 相 关 服 务 ： < / p >
< p > ​ ```
$ kubectl exec -ti busybox -- nslookup kubernetes.default
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Server: 10.0.0.10
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Address 1: 10.0.0.10< / p >
< p > nslookup: can' t resolve ' kubernetes.default'
​ ```< / p >
< p > 或 者 < / p >
< p > ​ ```
$ kubectl exec -ti busybox -- nslookup kubernetes.default
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Server: 10.0.0.10
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Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local< / p >
< p > nslookup: can' t resolve ' kubernetes.default'
​ ```< / p >
< h3 id = "检查-dns-pod-是否在运行" > 检 查 DNS pod 是 否 在 运 行 < / h3 >
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< p > 使 用 < code > kubectl get pods< / code > 命 令 验 证 DNS pod 是 否 正 在 运 行 。 < / p >
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< p > ​ < code > bash
$ kubectl get pods --namespace=kube-system -l k8s-app=kube-dns
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NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
...
kube-dns-v19-ezo1y 3/3 Running 0 1h
...
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​ < / code > < / p >
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< p > 如 果 您 看 到 没 有 Pod 运 行 或 者 Pod 处 于 失 败 /完 成 状 态 ， DNS 插 件 可 能 没 有 部 署 到 您 的 当 前 环 境 中 ， 您 需 要 手 动 部 署 。 < / p >
< h3 id = "检查-dns-pod-中的错误" > 检 查 DNS pod 中 的 错 误 < / h3 >
< p > 使 用 < code > kubectl logs< / code > 命 令 查 看 DNS 守 护 进 程 的 日 志 。 < / p >
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< p > ​ < code > bash
$ kubectl logs --namespace=kube-system $(kubectl get pods --namespace=kube-system -l k8s-app=kube-dns -o name) -c kubedns
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$ kubectl logs --namespace=kube-system $(kubectl get pods --namespace=kube-system -l k8s-app=kube-dns -o name) -c dnsmasq
$ kubectl logs --namespace=kube-system $(kubectl get pods --namespace=kube-system -l k8s-app=kube-dns -o name) -c sidecar
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​ < / code > < / p >
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< p > 看 看 有 没 有 可 疑 的 日 志 。 以 字 母 “ < code > W< / code > ” ， “ < code > E< / code > ” ， “ < code > F< / code > ” 开 头 的 代 表 警 告 、 错 误 和 失 败 。 请 搜 索 具 有 这 些 日 志 级 别 的 条 目 ， 并 使 用 < a href = "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues" target = "_blank" > kubernetes issues< / a > 来 报 告 意 外 错 误 。 < / p >
< h3 id = "dns-服务启动了吗？" > DNS 服 务 启 动 了 吗 ？ < / h3 >
< p > 使 用 < code > kubectl get service< / code > 命 令 验 证 DNS 服 务 是 否 启 动 。 < / p >
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< p > ​ < code > bash
$ kubectl get svc --namespace=kube-system
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NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
...
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kube-dns 10.0.0.10 < span class = "token tag" > < span class = "token tag" > < span class = "token punctuation" > < < / span > none< / span > < span class = "token punctuation" > > < / span > < / span > 53/UDP,53/TCP 1h
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...
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​ < / code > < / p >
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< p > 如 果 您 已 经 创 建 了 该 服 务 或 它 本 应 该 默 认 创 建 但 没 有 出 现 ， 参 考 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service/" target = "_blank" > 调 试 服 务 < / a > 获 取 更 多 信 息 。 < / p >
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< h3 id = "dns-端点暴露出来了吗？" > DNS 端 点 暴 露 出 来 了 吗 ？ < / h3 >
< p > 您 可 以 使 用 < code > kubectl get endpoints< / code > 命 令 验 证 DNS 端 点 是 否 被 暴 露 。 < / p >
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< p > ​ < code > bash
$ kubectl get ep kube-dns --namespace=kube-system
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NAME ENDPOINTS AGE
kube-dns 10.180.3.17:53,10.180.3.17:53 1h
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​ < / code > < / p >
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< p > 如 果 您 没 有 看 到 端 点 ， 查 看 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-service/" target = "_blank" > 调 试 服 务 < / a > 文 档 中 的 端 点 部 分 。 < / p >
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< p > 获 取 更 多 的 Kubernetes DNS 示 例 ， 请 参 考 Kubernetes GitHub 仓 库 中 的 < a href = "https://github.com/kubernetes/examples/tree/master/staging/cluster-dns" target = "_blank" > cluster-dns示 例 < / a > 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "已知问题" > 已 知 问 题 < / h2 >
< p > Kubernetes安 装 时 不 会 将 节 点 的 resolv.conf 文 件 配 置 为 默 认 使 用 集 群 DNS， 因 为 该 过 程 本 身 是 特 定 于 发 行 版 的 。 这 一 步 应 该 放 到 最 后 实 现 。 < / p >
< p > Linux 的 libc 不 可 思 议 的 卡 住 （ < a href = "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=168253" target = "_blank" > 查 看 该 2005年 起 暴 出 来 的 bug< / a > ） 限 制 只 能 有 3 个 DNS < code > nameserver< / code > 记 录 和 6 个 DNS < code > search< / code > 记 录 。 Kubernetes 需 要 消 耗 1 个 < code > nameserver< / code > 记 录 和 3 个 < code > search< / code > 记 录 。 这 意 味 着 如 果 本 地 安 装 已 经 使 用 3 个 < code > nameserver< / code > 或 使 用 3 个 以 上 的 < code > search< / code > 记 录 ， 那 么 其 中 一 些 设 置 将 会 丢 失 。 有 个 部 分 解 决 该 问 题 的 方 法 ， 就 是 节 点 可 以 运 行 < code > dnsmasq< / code > ， 它 将 提 供 更 多 的 < code > nameserver< / code > 条 目 ， 但 不 会 有 更 多 的 < code > search< / code > 条 目 。 您 也 可 以 使 用 kubelet 的 < code > --resolv-conf< / code > 标 志 。 < / p >
< p > 如 果 您 使 用 的 是 Alpine 3.3 或 更 低 版 本 作 为 基 础 映 像 ， 由 于 已 知 的 Alpine 问 题 ， DNS 可 能 无 法 正 常 工 作 。 点 击 < a href = "https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/30215" target = "_blank" > 这 里 < / a > 查 看 更 多 信 息 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "kubernetes-集群联邦（多可用区支持）" > Kubernetes 集 群 联 邦 （ 多 可 用 区 支 持 ） < / h2 >
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< p > Kubernetes 1.3 版 本 起 引 入 了 支 持 多 站 点 Kubernetes 安 装 的 集 群 联 邦 支 持 。 这 需 要 对 Kubernetes 集 群 DNS 服 务 器 处 理 DNS 查 询 的 方 式 进 行 一 些 小 的 （ 向 后 兼 容 的 ） 更 改 ， 以 便 于 查 找 联 邦 服 务 （ 跨 多 个 Kubernetes 集 群 ） 。 有 关 集 群 联 邦 和 多 站 点 支 持 的 更 多 详 细 信 息 ， 请 参 阅 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/federation/" target = "_blank" > 集 群 联 邦 管 理 员 指 南 < / a > 。 < / p >
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< h2 id = "参考" > 参 考 < / h2 >
< ul >
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< li > < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/dns-custom-nameservers/" target = "_blank" > Configure DNS Service< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../docs/concepts/services-networking/dns-pod-service" > Service 和 Pod 的 DNS< / a > < / li >
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< li > < a href = "../docs/tasks/administer-cluster/dns-horizontal-autoscaling" > 自 动 扩 容 集 群 中 的 DNS 服 务 < / a > < / li >
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< li > < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/coredns/" target = "_blank" > Using CoreDNS for Service Discovery< / a >
```` < / li >
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< / ul >
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