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1. 前言
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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3.2.2 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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3.3 集群安全性管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.3.6 IP伪装代理
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
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4.3.8 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.2 CephFS
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4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
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< a href = ".." > 2.2.7 Secret< / a >
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< h1 id = "secret" > Secret< / h1 >
< p > Secret解 决 了 密 码 、 token、 密 钥 等 敏 感 数 据 的 配 置 问 题 ， 而 不 需 要 把 这 些 敏 感 数 据 暴 露 到 镜 像 或 者 Pod Spec中 。 Secret可 以 以 Volume或 者 环 境 变 量 的 方 式 使 用 。 < / p >
< p > Secret有 三 种 类 型 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > < strong > Service Account< / strong > ： 用 来 访 问 Kubernetes API， 由 Kubernetes自 动 创 建 ， 并 且 会 自 动 挂 载 到 Pod的 < code > /run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount< / code > 目 录 中 ； < / li >
< li > < strong > Opaque< / strong > ： base64编 码 格 式 的 Secret， 用 来 存 储 密 码 、 密 钥 等 ； < / li >
< li > < strong > kubernetes.io/dockerconfigjson< / strong > ： 用 来 存 储 私 有 docker registry的 认 证 信 息 。 < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "opaque-secret" > Opaque Secret< / h2 >
< p > Opaque类 型 的 数 据 是 一 个 map类 型 ， 要 求 value是 base64编 码 格 式 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-sh" > $ < span class = "hljs-built_in" > echo< / span > -n < span class = "hljs-string" > " admin" < / span > | base64
YWRtaW4=
$ < span class = "hljs-built_in" > echo< / span > -n < span class = "hljs-string" > " 1f2d1e2e67df" < / span > | base64
MWYyZDFlMmU2N2Rm
< / code > < / pre >
< p > secrets.yml< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Secret
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > mysecret
< span class = "hljs-attr" > type:< / span > Opaque
< span class = "hljs-attr" > data:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > password:< / span > MWYyZDFlMmU2N2Rm
< span class = "hljs-attr" > username:< / span > YWRtaW4=
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 接 着 ， 就 可 以 创 建 secret了 ： < code > kubectl create -f secrets.yml< / code > 。 < / p >
< p > 创 建 好 secret之 后 ， 有 两 种 方 式 来 使 用 它 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > 以 Volume方 式 < / li >
< li > 以 环 境 变 量 方 式 < / li >
< / ul >
< h3 id = "将secret挂载到volume中" > 将 Secret挂 载 到 Volume中 < / h3 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-Yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Pod
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > labels:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > db
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > db
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > volumes:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > secrets
< span class = "hljs-attr" > secret:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > secretName:< / span > mysecret
< span class = "hljs-attr" > containers:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - image:< / span > gcr.io/my_project_id/pg:v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > db
< span class = "hljs-attr" > volumeMounts:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > secrets
< span class = "hljs-attr" > mountPath:< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " /etc/secrets" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > readOnly:< / span > < span class = "hljs-literal" > true< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ports:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > cp
< span class = "hljs-attr" > containerPort:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 5432< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > hostPort:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 5432< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< h3 id = "将secret导出到环境变量中" > 将 Secret导 出 到 环 境 变 量 中 < / h3 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > extensions/v1beta1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Deployment
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > wordpress-deployment
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > replicas:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 2< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > strategy:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > type:< / span > RollingUpdate
< span class = "hljs-attr" > template:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > labels:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > app:< / span > wordpress
< span class = "hljs-attr" > visualize:< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " true" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > containers:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " wordpress" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > image:< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " wordpress" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > ports:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - containerPort:< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 80< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > env:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > WORDPRESS_DB_USER
< span class = "hljs-attr" > valueFrom:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > secretKeyRef:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > mysecret
< span class = "hljs-attr" > key:< / span > username
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD
< span class = "hljs-attr" > valueFrom:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > secretKeyRef:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > mysecret
< span class = "hljs-attr" > key:< / span > password
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "kubernetesiodockerconfigjson" > kubernetes.io/dockerconfigjson< / h2 >
< p > 可 以 直 接 用 < code > kubectl< / code > 命 令 来 创 建 用 于 docker registry认 证 的 secret： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-sh" > $ kubectl create secret docker-registry myregistrykey --docker-server=DOCKER_REGISTRY_SERVER --docker-username=DOCKER_USER --docker-password=DOCKER_PASSWORD --docker-email=DOCKER_EMAIL
secret < span class = "hljs-string" > " myregistrykey" < / span > created.
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 也 可 以 直 接 读 取 < code > ~/.docker/config.json< / code > 的 内 容 来 创 建 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-sh" > $ cat ~/.docker/config.json | base64
$ cat > myregistrykey.yaml < < EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: myregistrykey
data:
.dockerconfigjson: UmVhbGx5IHJlYWxseSByZWVlZWVlZWVlZWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWFhYWxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGx5eXl5eXl5eXl5eXl5eXl5eXl5eSBsbGxsbGxsbGxsbGxsbG9vb29vb29vb29vb29vb29vb29vb29vb29vb25ubm5ubm5ubm5ubm5ubm5ubm5ubm5ubmdnZ2dnZ2dnZ2dnZ2dnZ2dnZ2cgYXV0aCBrZXlzCg==
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > type< / span > : kubernetes.io/dockerconfigjson
EOF
$ kubectl create < span class = "hljs-_" > -f< / span > myregistrykey.yaml
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 在 创 建 Pod的 时 候 ， 通 过 < code > imagePullSecrets< / code > 来 引 用 刚 创 建 的 < code > myregistrykey< / code > :< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > apiVersion:< / span > v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > kind:< / span > Pod
< span class = "hljs-attr" > metadata:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > name:< / span > foo
< span class = "hljs-attr" > spec:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > containers:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > foo
< span class = "hljs-attr" > image:< / span > janedoe/awesomeapp:v1
< span class = "hljs-attr" > imagePullSecrets:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-attr" > - name:< / span > myregistrykey
< / code > < / pre >
< h3 id = "service-account" > Service Account< / h3 >
< p > Service Account用 来 访 问 Kubernetes API， 由 Kubernetes自 动 创 建 ， 并 且 会 自 动 挂 载 到 Pod的 < code > /run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount< / code > 目 录 中 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-sh" > $ kubectl run nginx --image nginx
deployment < span class = "hljs-string" > " nginx" < / span > created
$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-3137573019-md1u2 1/1 Running 0 13s
$ kubectl < span class = "hljs-built_in" > exec< / span > nginx-3137573019-md1u2 ls /run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount
ca.crt
namespace
token
< / code > < / pre >
2017-09-19 21:38:03 +08:00
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< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-page-toc-button/plugin.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-editlink/plugin.js" > < / script >
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< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-back-to-top-button/plugin.js" > < / script >
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< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-search-plus/jquery.mark.min.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-search-plus/search.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-sharing/buttons.js" > < / script >
< script src = "../gitbook/gitbook-plugin-fontsettings/fontsettings.js" > < / script >
< / body >
< / html >
