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1. 前言
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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3.2.2 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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3.3 集群安全性管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.3.6 IP伪装代理
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
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4.3.8 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.2 CephFS
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4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
< / a >
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5" data-path = "../usecases/" >
< a href = "../usecases/" >
5. 领域应用
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.1" data-path = "../usecases/microservices.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/microservices.html" >
5.1 微服务架构
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.1.1" data-path = "../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html" >
5.1.1 微服务中的服务发现
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.2" data-path = "../usecases/service-mesh.html" >
< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh.html" >
5.2 Service Mesh 服务网格
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/istio.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/istio.html" >
5.1.1 Istio
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.2.1.1" data-path = "../usecases/istio-installation.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/istio-installation.html" >
5.1.1.1 安装istio
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.2.1.2" data-path = "../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html" >
5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.2.2" data-path = "../usecases/linkerd.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/linkerd.html" >
5.1.2 Linkerd
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.2.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html" >
5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.3" data-path = "../usecases/big-data.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/big-data.html" >
5.2 大数据
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.3.1" data-path = "../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
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5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
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< / a >
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.3.2" data-path = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
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5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
< / a >
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< / li >
< / ul >
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.4" data-path = "../usecases/serverless.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/serverless.html" >
5.3 Serverless架构
< / a >
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6" data-path = "../develop/" >
< a href = "../develop/" >
6. 开发指南
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.1" data-path = "../develop/developing-environment.html" >
< a href = "../develop/developing-environment.html" >
6.1 开发环境搭建
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.2" data-path = "../develop/testing.html" >
< a href = "../develop/testing.html" >
6.2 单元测试和集成测试
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.3" data-path = "../develop/client-go-sample.html" >
< a href = "../develop/client-go-sample.html" >
6.3 client-go示例
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.4" data-path = "../develop/contribute.html" >
< a href = "../develop/contribute.html" >
6.4 社区贡献
< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.7" data-path = "../appendix/" >
< a href = "../appendix/" >
7. 附录
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.7.1" data-path = "../appendix/docker-best-practice.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/docker-best-practice.html" >
7.1 Docker最佳实践
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.7.2" data-path = "../appendix/issues.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/issues.html" >
7.2 问题记录
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.7.3" data-path = "../appendix/tricks.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/tricks.html" >
7.3 使用技巧
< / a >
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< / li >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.7.4" data-path = "../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html" >
< a href = "../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html" >
7.4 kubernetes service中的故障排查
< / a >
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< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li class = "divider" > < / li >
< li >
< a href = "https://www.gitbook.com" target = "blank" class = "gitbook-link" >
2017-09-19 22:01:07 +08:00
本书使用 GitBook 发布
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< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / div >
< div class = "book-body" >
< div class = "body-inner" >
< div class = "book-header" role = "navigation" >
<!-- Title -->
< h1 >
< i class = "fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin" > < / i >
< a href = ".." > 4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥< / a >
< / h1 >
< / div >
< div class = "page-wrapper" tabindex = "-1" role = "main" >
< div class = "page-inner" >
< div class = "search-plus" id = "book-search-results" >
< div class = "search-noresults" >
< section class = "normal markdown-section" >
< h1 id = "创建tls证书和秘钥" > 创 建 TLS证 书 和 秘 钥 < / h1 >
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< h2 id = "前言" > 前 言 < / h2 >
< p > 执 行 下 列 步 骤 前 建 议 你 先 阅 读 以 下 内 容 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html" > 管 理 集 群 中 的 TLS< / a > ： 教 您 如 何 创 建 TLS证 书 < / li >
< li > < a href = "../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html" > kubelet的 认 证 授 权 < / a > ： 向 您 描 述 如 何 通 过 认 证 授 权 来 访 问 kubelet 的 HTTPS 端 点 。 < / li >
< li > < a href = "../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html" > TLS bootstrap< / a > ： 介 绍 如 何 为 kubelet 设 置 TLS 客 户 端 证 书 引 导 （ bootstrap） 。 < / li >
< / ul >
< p > < strong > 注 意 ： < / strong > 这 一 步 是 在 安 装 配 置 kubernetes的 所 有 步 骤 中 最 容 易 出 错 也 最 难 于 排 查 问 题 的 一 步 ， 而 这 却 刚 好 是 第 一 步 ， 万 事 开 头 难 ， 不 要 因 为 这 点 困 难 就 望 而 却 步 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 如 果 您 足 够 有 信 心 在 完 全 不 了 解 自 己 在 做 什 么 的 情 况 下 能 够 成 功 地 完 成 了 这 一 步 的 配 置 ， 那 么 您 可 以 尽 管 跳 过 上 面 的 几 篇 文 章 直 接 进 行 下 面 的 操 作 。 < / strong > < / p >
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< p > < code > kubernetes< / code > 系 统 的 各 组 件 需 要 使 用 < code > TLS< / code > 证 书 对 通 信 进 行 加 密 ， 本 文 档 使 用 < code > CloudFlare< / code > 的 PKI 工 具 集 < a href = "https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl" target = "_blank" > cfssl< / a > 来 生 成 Certificate Authority (CA) 和 其 它 证 书 ； < / p >
< p > < strong > 生 成 的 CA 证 书 和 秘 钥 文 件 如 下 ： < / strong > < / p >
< ul >
< li > ca-key.pem< / li >
< li > ca.pem< / li >
< li > kubernetes-key.pem< / li >
< li > kubernetes.pem< / li >
< li > kube-proxy.pem< / li >
< li > kube-proxy-key.pem< / li >
< li > admin.pem< / li >
< li > admin-key.pem< / li >
< / ul >
< p > < strong > 使 用 证 书 的 组 件 如 下 ： < / strong > < / p >
< ul >
< li > etcd： 使 用 ca.pem、 kubernetes-key.pem、 kubernetes.pem； < / li >
< li > kube-apiserver： 使 用 ca.pem、 kubernetes-key.pem、 kubernetes.pem； < / li >
< li > kubelet： 使 用 ca.pem； < / li >
< li > kube-proxy： 使 用 ca.pem、 kube-proxy-key.pem、 kube-proxy.pem； < / li >
< li > kubectl： 使 用 ca.pem、 admin-key.pem、 admin.pem； < / li >
< / ul >
< p > < code > kube-controller< / code > 、 < code > kube-scheduler< / code > 当 前 需 要 和 < code > kube-apiserver< / code > 部 署 在 同 一 台 机 器 上 且 使 用 非 安 全 端 口 通 信 ， 故 不 需 要 证 书 。 < / p >
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< p > < strong > 注 意 ： 以 下 操 作 都 在 master 节 点 即 172.20.0.113 这 台 主 机 上 执 行 ， 证 书 只 需 要 创 建 一 次 即 可 ， 以 后 在 向 集 群 中 添 加 新 节 点 时 只 要 将 /etc/kubernetes/ 目 录 下 的 证 书 拷 贝 到 新 节 点 上 即 可 。 < / strong > < / p >
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< h2 id = "安装-cfssl" > 安 装 < code > CFSSL< / code > < / h2 >
< p > < strong > 方 式 一 ： 直 接 使 用 二 进 制 源 码 包 安 装 < / strong > < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /root/< span class = "hljs-built_in" > local< / span > /bin/cfssl
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wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssljson_linux-amd64
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /root/< span class = "hljs-built_in" > local< / span > /bin/cfssljson
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wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /root/< span class = "hljs-built_in" > local< / span > /bin/cfssl-certinfo
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< span class = "hljs-built_in" > export< / span > PATH=/root/< span class = "hljs-built_in" > local< / span > /bin:< span class = "hljs-variable" > $PATH< / span >
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< / code > < / pre >
< p > < strong > 方 式 二 ： 使 用 go命 令 安 装 < / strong > < / p >
< p > 我 们 的 系 统 中 安 装 了 Go1.7.5， 使 用 以 下 命 令 安 装 更 快 捷 ： < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ go get -u github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/cmd/...
$ < span class = "hljs-built_in" > echo< / span > < span class = "hljs-variable" > $GOPATH< / span >
/usr/< span class = "hljs-built_in" > local< / span >
< span class = "hljs-variable" > $ls< / span > /usr/< span class = "hljs-built_in" > local< / span > /bin/cfssl*
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cfssl cfssl-bundle cfssl-certinfo cfssljson cfssl-newkey cfssl-scan
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< / code > < / pre >
< p > 在 < code > $GOPATH/bin< / code > 目 录 下 得 到 以 cfssl开 头 的 几 个 命 令 。 < / p >
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< p > 注 意 ： 以 下 文 章 中 出 现 的 cat的 文 件 名 如 果 不 存 在 需 要 手 工 创 建 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "创建-ca-certificate-authority" > 创 建 CA (Certificate Authority)< / h2 >
< p > < strong > 创 建 CA 配 置 文 件 < / strong > < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > mkdir /root/ssl
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > cd< / span > /root/ssl
cfssl < span class = "hljs-built_in" > print< / span > -defaults config > config.json
cfssl < span class = "hljs-built_in" > print< / span > -defaults csr > csr.json
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 根 据 config.json文 件 的 格 式 创 建 如 下 的 ca-config.json文 件 < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 过 期 时 间 设 置 成 了 87600h< / span >
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cat > ca-config.json < < EOF
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{
< span class = "hljs-string" > " signing" < / span > : {
< span class = "hljs-string" > " default" < / span > : {
< span class = "hljs-string" > " expiry" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " 87600h" < / span >
},
< span class = "hljs-string" > " profiles" < / span > : {
< span class = "hljs-string" > " kubernetes" < / span > : {
< span class = "hljs-string" > " usages" < / span > : [
< span class = "hljs-string" > " signing" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " key encipherment" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " server auth" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " client auth" < / span >
],
< span class = "hljs-string" > " expiry" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " 87600h" < / span >
}
}
}
}
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EOF
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< / code > < / pre >
< p > 字 段 说 明 < / p >
< ul >
< li > < code > ca-config.json< / code > ： 可 以 定 义 多 个 profiles， 分 别 指 定 不 同 的 过 期 时 间 、 使 用 场 景 等 参 数 ； 后 续 在 签 名 证 书 时 使 用 某 个 profile； < / li >
< li > < code > signing< / code > ： 表 示 该 证 书 可 用 于 签 名 其 它 证 书 ； 生 成 的 ca.pem 证 书 中 < code > CA=TRUE< / code > ； < / li >
< li > < code > server auth< / code > ： 表 示 client可 以 用 该 CA 对 server提 供 的 证 书 进 行 验 证 ； < / li >
< li > < code > client auth< / code > ： 表 示 server可 以 用 该 CA对 client提 供 的 证 书 进 行 验 证 ； < / li >
< / ul >
< p > < strong > 创 建 CA 证 书 签 名 请 求 < / strong > < / p >
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< p > 创 建 < code > ca-csr.json< / code > 文 件 ， 内 容 如 下 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-json" > {
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< span class = "hljs-string" > " CN" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " kubernetes" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " key" < / span > : {
< span class = "hljs-string" > " algo" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " rsa" < / span > ,
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< span class = "hljs-string" > " size" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-number" > 2048< / span >
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},
< span class = "hljs-string" > " names" < / span > : [
{
< span class = "hljs-string" > " C" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " CN" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " ST" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " BeiJing" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " L" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " BeiJing" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " O" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " k8s" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " OU" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " System" < / span >
}
]
}
< / code > < / pre >
< ul >
< li > " CN" ： < code > Common Name< / code > ， kube-apiserver 从 证 书 中 提 取 该 字 段 作 为 请 求 的 用 户 名 (User Name)； 浏 览 器 使 用 该 字 段 验 证 网 站 是 否 合 法 ； < / li >
< li > " O" ： < code > Organization< / code > ， kube-apiserver 从 证 书 中 提 取 该 字 段 作 为 请 求 用 户 所 属 的 组 (Group)； < / li >
< / ul >
< p > < strong > 生 成 CA 证 书 和 私 钥 < / strong > < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
$ ls ca*
ca-config.json ca.csr ca-csr.json ca-key.pem ca.pem
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "创建-kubernetes-证书" > 创 建 kubernetes 证 书 < / h2 >
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< p > 创 建 kubernetes 证 书 签 名 请 求 文 件 < code > kubernetes-csr.json< / code > ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-json" > {
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< span class = "hljs-string" > " CN" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " kubernetes" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " hosts" < / span > : [
< span class = "hljs-string" > " 127.0.0.1" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " 172.20.0.112" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " 172.20.0.113" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " 172.20.0.114" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " 172.20.0.115" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " 10.254.0.1" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " kubernetes" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " kubernetes.default" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " kubernetes.default.svc" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " kubernetes.default.svc.cluster" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local" < / span >
],
< span class = "hljs-string" > " key" < / span > : {
< span class = "hljs-string" > " algo" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " rsa" < / span > ,
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< span class = "hljs-string" > " size" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-number" > 2048< / span >
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},
< span class = "hljs-string" > " names" < / span > : [
{
< span class = "hljs-string" > " C" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " CN" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " ST" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " BeiJing" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " L" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " BeiJing" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " O" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " k8s" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " OU" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " System" < / span >
}
]
}
< / code > < / pre >
< ul >
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< li > 如 果 hosts 字 段 不 为 空 则 需 要 指 定 授 权 使 用 该 证 书 的 < strong > IP 或 域 名 列 表 < / strong > ， 由 于 该 证 书 后 续 被 < code > etcd< / code > 集 群 和 < code > kubernetes master< / code > 集 群 使 用 ， 所 以 上 面 分 别 指 定 了 < code > etcd< / code > 集 群 、 < code > kubernetes master< / code > 集 群 的 主 机 IP 和 < strong > < code > kubernetes< / code > 服 务 的 服 务 IP< / strong > （ 一 般 是 < code > kube-apiserver< / code > 指 定 的 < code > service-cluster-ip-range< / code > 网 段 的 第 一 个 IP， 如 10.254.0.1。 < / li >
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< / ul >
< p > < strong > 生 成 kubernetes 证 书 和 私 钥 < / strong > < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kubernetes-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kubernetes
$ ls kubernetes*
kubernetes.csr kubernetes-csr.json kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 或 者 直 接 在 命 令 行 上 指 定 相 关 参 数 ： < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > < span class = "hljs-built_in" > echo< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > ' {" CN" :" kubernetes" ," hosts" :[" " ]," key" :{" algo" :" rsa" ," size" :2048}}' < / span > | cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes -hostname=< span class = "hljs-string" > " 127.0.0.1,172.20.0.112,172.20.0.113,172.20.0.114,172.20.0.115,kubernetes,kubernetes.default" < / span > - | cfssljson -bare kubernetes
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< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "创建-admin-证书" > 创 建 admin 证 书 < / h2 >
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< p > 创 建 admin 证 书 签 名 请 求 文 件 < code > admin-csr.json< / code > ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-json" > {
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< span class = "hljs-string" > " CN" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " admin" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " hosts" < / span > : [],
< span class = "hljs-string" > " key" < / span > : {
< span class = "hljs-string" > " algo" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " rsa" < / span > ,
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< span class = "hljs-string" > " size" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-number" > 2048< / span >
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},
< span class = "hljs-string" > " names" < / span > : [
{
< span class = "hljs-string" > " C" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " CN" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " ST" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " BeiJing" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " L" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " BeiJing" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " O" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " system:masters" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " OU" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " System" < / span >
}
]
}
< / code > < / pre >
< ul >
< li > 后 续 < code > kube-apiserver< / code > 使 用 < code > RBAC< / code > 对 客 户 端 (如 < code > kubelet< / code > 、 < code > kube-proxy< / code > 、 < code > Pod< / code > )请 求 进 行 授 权 ； < / li >
< li > < code > kube-apiserver< / code > 预 定 义 了 一 些 < code > RBAC< / code > 使 用 的 < code > RoleBindings< / code > ， 如 < code > cluster-admin< / code > 将 Group < code > system:masters< / code > 与 Role < code > cluster-admin< / code > 绑 定 ， 该 Role 授 予 了 调 用 < code > kube-apiserver< / code > 的 < strong > 所 有 API< / strong > 的 权 限 ； < / li >
< li > OU 指 定 该 证 书 的 Group 为 < code > system:masters< / code > ， < code > kubelet< / code > 使 用 该 证 书 访 问 < code > kube-apiserver< / code > 时 ， 由 于 证 书 被 CA 签 名 ， 所 以 认 证 通 过 ， 同 时 由 于 证 书 用 户 组 为 经 过 预 授 权 的 < code > system:masters< / code > ， 所 以 被 授 予 访 问 所 有 API 的 权 限 ； < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 生 成 admin 证 书 和 私 钥 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
$ ls admin*
admin.csr admin-csr.json admin-key.pem admin.pem
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "创建-kube-proxy-证书" > 创 建 kube-proxy 证 书 < / h2 >
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< p > 创 建 kube-proxy 证 书 签 名 请 求 文 件 < code > kube-proxy-csr.json< / code > ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-json" > {
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< span class = "hljs-string" > " CN" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " system:kube-proxy" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " hosts" < / span > : [],
< span class = "hljs-string" > " key" < / span > : {
< span class = "hljs-string" > " algo" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " rsa" < / span > ,
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< span class = "hljs-string" > " size" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-number" > 2048< / span >
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},
< span class = "hljs-string" > " names" < / span > : [
{
< span class = "hljs-string" > " C" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " CN" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " ST" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " BeiJing" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " L" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " BeiJing" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " O" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " k8s" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " OU" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " System" < / span >
}
]
}
< / code > < / pre >
< ul >
< li > CN 指 定 该 证 书 的 User 为 < code > system:kube-proxy< / code > ； < / li >
< li > < code > kube-apiserver< / code > 预 定 义 的 RoleBinding < code > cluster-admin< / code > 将 User < code > system:kube-proxy< / code > 与 Role < code > system:node-proxier< / code > 绑 定 ， 该 Role 授 予 了 调 用 < code > kube-apiserver< / code > Proxy 相 关 API 的 权 限 ； < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 生 成 kube-proxy 客 户 端 证 书 和 私 钥 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
$ ls kube-proxy*
kube-proxy.csr kube-proxy-csr.json kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "校验证书" > 校 验 证 书 < / h2 >
< p > 以 kubernetes 证 书 为 例 < / p >
< h3 id = "使用-opsnssl-命令" > 使 用 < code > opsnssl< / code > 命 令 < / h3 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ openssl x509 -noout -text -in kubernetes.pem
...
Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
Issuer: C=CN, ST=BeiJing, L=BeiJing, O=k8s, OU=System, CN=Kubernetes
Validity
Not Before: Apr 5 05:36:00 2017 GMT
Not After : Apr 5 05:36:00 2018 GMT
Subject: C=CN, ST=BeiJing, L=BeiJing, O=k8s, OU=System, CN=kubernetes
...
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Key Usage: critical
Digital Signature, Key Encipherment
X509v3 Extended Key Usage:
TLS Web Server Authentication, TLS Web Client Authentication
X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
CA:FALSE
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
DD:52:04:43:10:13:A9:29:24:17:3A:0E:D7:14:DB:36:F8:6C:E0:E0
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:44:04:3B:60:BD:69:78:14:68:AF:A0:41:13:F6:17:07:13:63:58:CD
X509v3 Subject Alternative Name:
DNS:kubernetes, DNS:kubernetes.default, DNS:kubernetes.default.svc, DNS:kubernetes.default.svc.cluster, DNS:kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local, IP Address:127.0.0.1, IP Address:172.20.0.112, IP Address:172.20.0.113, IP Address:172.20.0.114, IP Address:172.20.0.115, IP Address:10.254.0.1
...
< / code > < / pre >
< ul >
< li > 确 认 < code > Issuer< / code > 字 段 的 内 容 和 < code > ca-csr.json< / code > 一 致 ； < / li >
< li > 确 认 < code > Subject< / code > 字 段 的 内 容 和 < code > kubernetes-csr.json< / code > 一 致 ； < / li >
< li > 确 认 < code > X509v3 Subject Alternative Name< / code > 字 段 的 内 容 和 < code > kubernetes-csr.json< / code > 一 致 ； < / li >
< li > 确 认 < code > X509v3 Key Usage、 Extended Key Usage< / code > 字 段 的 内 容 和 < code > ca-config.json< / code > 中 < code > kubernetes< / code > profile 一 致 ； < / li >
< / ul >
< h3 id = "使用-cfssl-certinfo-命令" > 使 用 < code > cfssl-certinfo< / code > 命 令 < / h3 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ cfssl-certinfo -cert kubernetes.pem
...
{
< span class = "hljs-string" > " subject" < / span > : {
< span class = "hljs-string" > " common_name" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " kubernetes" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " country" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " CN" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " organization" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " k8s" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " organizational_unit" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " System" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " locality" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " BeiJing" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " province" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " BeiJing" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " names" < / span > : [
< span class = "hljs-string" > " CN" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " BeiJing" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " BeiJing" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " k8s" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " System" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " kubernetes" < / span >
]
},
< span class = "hljs-string" > " issuer" < / span > : {
< span class = "hljs-string" > " common_name" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " Kubernetes" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " country" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " CN" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " organization" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " k8s" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " organizational_unit" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " System" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " locality" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " BeiJing" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " province" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " BeiJing" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " names" < / span > : [
< span class = "hljs-string" > " CN" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " BeiJing" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " BeiJing" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " k8s" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " System" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " Kubernetes" < / span >
]
},
< span class = "hljs-string" > " serial_number" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " 174360492872423263473151971632292895707129022309" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " sans" < / span > : [
< span class = "hljs-string" > " kubernetes" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " kubernetes.default" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " kubernetes.default.svc" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " kubernetes.default.svc.cluster" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " 127.0.0.1" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " 10.64.3.7" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " 10.254.0.1" < / span >
],
< span class = "hljs-string" > " not_before" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " 2017-04-05T05:36:00Z" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " not_after" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " 2018-04-05T05:36:00Z" < / span > ,
< span class = "hljs-string" > " sigalg" < / span > : < span class = "hljs-string" > " SHA256WithRSA" < / span > ,
...
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "分发证书" > 分 发 证 书 < / h2 >
< p > 将 生 成 的 证 书 和 秘 钥 文 件 （ 后 缀 名 为 < code > .pem< / code > ） 拷 贝 到 所 有 机 器 的 < code > /etc/kubernetes/ssl< / code > 目 录 下 备 用 ； < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl
cp *.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl
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< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "参考" > 参 考 < / h2 >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "https://coreos.com/os/docs/latest/generate-self-signed-certificates.html" target = "_blank" > Generate self-signed certificates< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://github.com/kelseyhightower/kubernetes-the-hard-way/blob/master/docs/02-certificate-authority.md" target = "_blank" > Setting up a Certificate Authority and Creating TLS Certificates< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/kaushal/2012/02/17/client-certificates-vs-server-certificates/" target = "_blank" > Client Certificates V/s Server Certificates< / a > < / li >
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< li > < a href = "http://blog.jobbole.com/104919/" target = "_blank" > 数 字 证 书 及 CA 的 扫 盲 介 绍 < / a > < / li >
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< li > < a href = "../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html" > TLS bootstrap 引 导 程 序 < / a > < / li >
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< / ul >
2017-09-19 21:38:03 +08:00
< footer class = "page-footer-ex" > < span class = "page-footer-ex-copyright" > © All Rights Reserved < / span >                     < span class = "page-footer-ex-footer-update" > updated 2017-08-31 22:33:56 < / span > < / footer >
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