2017-08-21 18:44:34 +08:00
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<title>5.1.1 Istio · Kubernetes Handbook</title>
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<meta name="author" content="Jimmy Song">
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<a href="../">
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1. 前言
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</a>
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<a href="../concepts/">
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2. 概念原理
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.1" data-path="../concepts/concepts.html">
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<a href="../concepts/concepts.html">
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2.1 设计理念
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2" data-path="../concepts/objects.html">
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<a href="../concepts/objects.html">
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2.2 主要概念
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.1" data-path="../concepts/pod-overview.html">
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<a href="../concepts/pod-overview.html">
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2.2.1 Pod
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.1.1" data-path="../concepts/pod.html">
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<a href="../concepts/pod.html">
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.2" data-path="../concepts/node.html">
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<a href="../concepts/node.html">
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2.2.2 Node
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.3" data-path="../concepts/namespace.html">
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<a href="../concepts/namespace.html">
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2.2.3 Namespace
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.4" data-path="../concepts/service.html">
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<a href="../concepts/service.html">
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2.2.4 Service
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.5" data-path="../concepts/volume.html">
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<a href="../concepts/volume.html">
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.6" data-path="../concepts/deployment.html">
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<a href="../concepts/deployment.html">
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2.2.6 Deployment
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.7" data-path="../concepts/secret.html">
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<a href="../concepts/secret.html">
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2.2.7 Secret
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.8" data-path="../concepts/statefulset.html">
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<a href="../concepts/statefulset.html">
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.9" data-path="../concepts/daemonset.html">
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<a href="../concepts/daemonset.html">
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.10" data-path="../concepts/serviceaccount.html">
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<a href="../concepts/serviceaccount.html">
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.11" data-path="../concepts/replicaset.html">
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<a href="../concepts/replicaset.html">
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.12" data-path="../concepts/job.html">
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<a href="../concepts/job.html">
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2.2.12 Job
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.13" data-path="../concepts/cronjob.html">
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<a href="../concepts/cronjob.html">
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2.2.13 CronJob
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.14" data-path="../concepts/ingress.html">
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<a href="../concepts/ingress.html">
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2.2.14 Ingress
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.15" data-path="../concepts/configmap.html">
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<a href="../concepts/configmap.html">
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.16" data-path="../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
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<a href="../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.17" data-path="../concepts/label.html">
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<a href="../concepts/label.html">
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2.2.17 Label
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3" data-path="../guide/">
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<a href="../guide/">
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3. 用户指南
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1" data-path="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
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<a href="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
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3.1 资源配置
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.1" data-path="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
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<a href="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.2" data-path="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
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<a href="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2" data-path="../guide/command-usage.html">
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<a href="../guide/command-usage.html">
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3.2 命令使用
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.1" data-path="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
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<a href="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3" data-path="../guide/cluster-management.html">
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<a href="../guide/cluster-management.html">
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3.3 集群管理
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.1" data-path="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
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<a href="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.2" data-path="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
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<a href="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.3" data-path="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
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<a href="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4" data-path="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
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<a href="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.1" data-path="../guide/access-cluster.html">
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<a href="../guide/access-cluster.html">
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3.4.1 访问集群
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.2" data-path="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
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|
<a href="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
|
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.3" data-path="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
|
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|
<a href="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
|
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.4" data-path="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
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<a href="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
|
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5" data-path="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
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<a href="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
|
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
|
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</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.1" data-path="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
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|
<a href="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
|
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.2" data-path="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
|
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<a href="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
|
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="../practice/">
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<a href="../practice/">
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4. 最佳实践
|
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</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1" data-path="../practice/install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
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<a href="../practice/install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.1" data-path="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
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<a href="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.2" data-path="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
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<a href="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.3" data-path="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.4" data-path="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.5" data-path="../practice/master-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/master-installation.html">
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.6" data-path="../practice/node-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/node-installation.html">
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4.1.6 部署node节点
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.7" data-path="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.8" data-path="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.9" data-path="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.10" data-path="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2" data-path="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
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<a href="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.1" data-path="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
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<a href="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.2" data-path="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
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<a href="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.3" data-path="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
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<a href="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.4" data-path="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
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<a href="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3" data-path="../practice/operation.html">
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<a href="../practice/operation.html">
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4.3 运维管理
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.1" data-path="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
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<a href="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.2" data-path="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
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<a href="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.3" data-path="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
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<a href="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.4" data-path="../practice/monitor.html">
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<a href="../practice/monitor.html">
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.5" data-path="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
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<a href="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
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4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.6" data-path="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
|
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<a href="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
|
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4" data-path="../practice/storage.html">
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<a href="../practice/storage.html">
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4.4 存储管理
|
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</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1" data-path="../practice/glusterfs.html">
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<a href="../practice/glusterfs.html">
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
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<a href="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1.2" data-path="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
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<a href="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
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4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="./">
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<a href="./">
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5. 领域应用
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1" data-path="microservices.html">
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<a href="microservices.html">
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5.1 微服务架构
|
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</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter active" data-level="1.5.1.1" data-path="istio.html">
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<a href="istio.html">
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5.1.1 Istio
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1.1" data-path="istio-installation.html">
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<a href="istio-installation.html">
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5.1.1.1 安装istio
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1.2" data-path="configuring-request-routing.html">
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<a href="configuring-request-routing.html">
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5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2" data-path="linkerd.html">
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<a href="linkerd.html">
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5.1.2 Linkerd
|
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</a>
|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2.1" data-path="linkerd-user-guide.html">
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<a href="linkerd-user-guide.html">
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5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.3" data-path="service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
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<a href="service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
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5.1.3 微服务中的服务发现
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2" data-path="big-data.html">
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<a href="big-data.html">
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5.2 大数据
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1" data-path="spark-on-kubernetes.html">
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<a href="spark-on-kubernetes.html">
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5.2.1 Spark on Kubernetes
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="../develop/">
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<a href="../develop/">
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6. 开发指南
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.1" data-path="../develop/developing-environment.html">
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<a href="../develop/developing-environment.html">
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6.1 开发环境搭建
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2" data-path="../develop/testing.html">
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<a href="../develop/testing.html">
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6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3" data-path="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
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<a href="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
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6.3 client-go示例
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.4" data-path="../develop/contribute.html">
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<a href="../develop/contribute.html">
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6.4 社区贡献
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="../appendix/">
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<a href="../appendix/">
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7. 附录
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.1" data-path="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
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<a href="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
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7.1 Docker最佳实践
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.2" data-path="../appendix/issues.html">
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<a href="../appendix/issues.html">
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7.2 问题记录
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.3" data-path="../appendix/tricks.html">
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<a href="../appendix/tricks.html">
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7.3 使用技巧
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<a href="https://www.gitbook.com" target="blank" class="gitbook-link">
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本書使用 GitBook 釋出
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<!-- Title -->
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<h1>
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<i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i>
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<a href=".." >5.1.1 Istio</a>
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</h1>
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</div>
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<section class="normal markdown-section">
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<h1 id="istio简介">Istio简介</h1>
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<h2 id="前言">前言</h2>
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<p><a href="https://istio.io" target="_blank">Istio</a>是由Google、IBM和Lyft开源的微服务管理、保护和监控框架。Istio为希腊语，意思是”起航“。</p>
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<h2 id="简介">简介</h2>
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<p>使用istio可以很简单的创建具有负载均衡、服务间认证、监控等功能的服务网络，而不需要对服务的代码进行任何修改。你只需要在部署环境中，例如Kubernetes的pod里注入一个特别的sidecar proxy来增加对istio的支持，用来截获微服务之间的网络流量。</p>
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<p>目前版本的istio只支持kubernetes，未来计划支持其他其他环境。</p>
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<p>另外，Istio的前身是IBM开源的<a href="https://www.amalgam8.io" target="_blank">Amalgam8</a>，追本溯源，我们来看下它的特性。</p>
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<h3 id="amalgam8">Amalgam8</h3>
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<p>Amalgam8的网站上说，它是一个<strong>Content-based Routing Fabric for Polyglot Microservices</strong>，简单、强大且开源。</p>
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|
<p>Amalgam8是一款基于内容和版本的路由布局，用于集成多语言异构体微服务。 其control plane API可用于动态编程规则，用于在正在运行的应用程序中跨微服务进行路由和操作请求。</p>
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<p>以内容/版本感知方式路由请求的能力简化了DevOps任务，如金丝雀和红/黑发布，A/B Test和系统地测试弹性微服务。</p>
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<p>可以使用Amalgam8平台与受欢迎的容器运行时（如Docker，Kubernetes，Marathon / Mesos）或其他云计算提供商（如IBM Bluemix，Google Cloud Platform或Amazon AWS）。</p>
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<h2 id="特性">特性</h2>
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<p>使用istio的进行微服务管理有如下特性：</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>流量管理</strong>：控制服务间的流量和API调用流，使调用更可靠，增强不同环境下的网络鲁棒性。</li>
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<li><strong>可观测性</strong>：了解服务之间的依赖关系和它们之间的性质和流量，提供快速识别定位问题的能力。</li>
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<li><strong>策略实施</strong>：通过配置mesh而不是以改变代码的方式来控制服务之间的访问策略。</li>
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<li><strong>服务识别和安全</strong>：提供在mesh里的服务可识别性和安全性保护。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>未来将支持多种平台，不论是kubernetes、Mesos、还是云。同时可以集成已有的ACL、日志、监控、配额、审计等。</p>
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<h2 id="架构">架构</h2>
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|
|
<figure id="fig1.5.1.1.1"><img src="../images/istio-arch.jpg" alt="Istio架构图"><figcaption>Figure: Istio架构图</figcaption></figure>
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|
<p>Istio架构分为控制层和数据层。</p>
|
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|
<ul>
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<li><strong>数据层</strong>：由一组智能代理（Envoy）作为sidecar部署，协调和控制所有microservices之间的网络通信。</li>
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<li><strong>控制层</strong>：负责管理和配置代理路由流量，以及在运行时执行的政策。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="envoy">Envoy</h2>
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|
<p>Istio使用Envoy代理的扩展版本，该代理是以C++开发的高性能代理，用于调解service mesh中所有服务的所有入站和出站流量。 Istio利用了Envoy的许多内置功能，例如动态服务发现，负载平衡，TLS终止，HTTP/2＆gRPC代理，断路器，运行状况检查，基于百分比的流量拆分分阶段上线，故障注入和丰富指标。</p>
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<p>Envoy在kubernetes中作为pod的sidecar来部署。 这允许Istio将大量关于流量行为的信号作为属性提取出来，这些属性又可以在Mixer中用于执行策略决策，并发送给监控系统以提供有关整个mesh的行为的信息。 Sidecar代理模型还允许你将Istio功能添加到现有部署中，无需重新构建或重写代码。 更多信息参见<a href="https://istio.io/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/goals.html" target="_blank">设计目标</a>。</p>
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<h2 id="mixer">Mixer</h2>
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|
<p>Mixer负责在service mesh上执行访问控制和使用策略，并收集Envoy代理和其他服务的遥测数据。代理提取请求级属性，发送到mixer进行评估。有关此属性提取和策略评估的更多信息，请参见<a href="https://istio.io/docs/concepts/policy-and-control/mixer-config.html" target="_blank">Mixer配置</a>。 混音器包括一个灵活的插件模型，使其能够与各种主机环境和基础架构后端进行接口，从这些细节中抽象出Envoy代理和Istio管理的服务。</p>
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<h2 id="istio-manager">Istio Manager</h2>
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|
|
<p>Istio-Manager用作用户和Istio之间的接口，收集和验证配置，并将其传播到各种Istio组件。它从Mixer和Envoy中抽取环境特定的实现细节，为他们提供独立于底层平台的用户服务的抽象表示。 此外，流量管理规则（即通用4层规则和七层HTTP/gRPC路由规则）可以在运行时通过Istio-Manager进行编程。</p>
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<h2 id="istio-auth">Istio-auth</h2>
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|
<p>Istio-Auth提供强大的服务间和最终用户认证，使用相互TLS，内置身份和凭据管理。它可用于升级service mesh中的未加密流量，并为运营商提供基于服务身份而不是网络控制的策略的能力。 Istio的未来版本将增加细粒度的访问控制和审计，以使用各种访问控制机制（包括属性和基于角色的访问控制以及授权hook）来控制和监控访问你服务、API或资源的人员。</p>
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<h2 id="参考">参考</h2>
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|
<p><a href="http://www.leiphone.com/news/201705/RwRlyAs7Mi8pqhSb.html" target="_blank">Istio开源平台发布，Google、IBM和Lyft分别承担什么角色？</a></p>
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|
<p><a href="http://www.infoq.com/cn/news/2017/05/istio?utm_source=news_about_opensource&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=opensource" target="_blank">Istio：用于微服务的服务啮合层</a></p>
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|
<p><a href="https://istio.io/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/overview.html" target="_blank">Istio Overview</a> </p>
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<footer class="page-footer-ex"> <span class="page-footer-ex-copyright">for GitBook</span>           <span class="page-footer-ex-footer-update">update
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2017-08-21 18:23:35
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