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增加使用Ceph做持久化存储创建MySQL集群

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Jimmy Song 2017-09-01 20:54:59 +08:00
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SUMMARY.md
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@ -71,6 +71,8 @@
- [4.4.1 GlusterFS](practice/glusterfs.md)
- [4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储](practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.md)
- [4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储](practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.md)
- [4.4.2 CephFS](practice/cephfs.md)
- [4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储](practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.md)
- [5. 领域应用](usecases/index.md)
- [5.1 微服务架构](usecases/microservices.md)
- [5.1.1 Istio](usecases/istio.md)

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etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring 100644
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[client.admin]
key = AQCX06hZ9LnSBxAAYuoIT/ewbTRhKpTHOZLoRQ==

13
manifests/mariadb-cluster/ceph-class.yaml 100644
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apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: ceph-web
provisioner: kubernetes.io/rbd
parameters:
monitors: 172.28.7.98,172.28.7.99,172.28.7.100
adminId: admin
adminSecretName: ceph-secret
adminSecretNamespace: galera
pool: rbd #此处默认是rbd池，生产上建议自己创建存储池隔离
userId: admin
userSecretName: ceph-secret

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manifests/mariadb-cluster/ceph-secret.yaml 100644
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apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: ceph-secret
namespace: galera
type: "kubernetes.io/rbd"
data:
key: AQCX06hZ9LnSBxAAYuoIT/ewbTRhKpTHOZLoRQ==

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manifests/mariadb-cluster/galera-mariadb.yaml 100644
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apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
annotations:
service.alpha.kubernetes.io/tolerate-unready-endpoints: "true"
name: mysql
namespace: galera
labels:
app: mysql
tier: data
spec:
ports:
- port: 3306
name: mysql
clusterIP: None
selector:
app: mysql
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: mysql
namespace: galera
spec:
serviceName: "mysql"
replicas: 3
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: mysql
tier: data
annotations:
pod.beta.kubernetes.io/init-containers: '[
{
"name": "galera-init",
"image": "bj-xg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/k8s-galera-init:latest",
"args": ["-service=mysql"],
"env": [
{
"name": "POD_NAMESPACE",
"valueFrom": {
"fieldRef": { "apiVersion": "v1", "fieldPath": "metadata.namespace" }
}
},
{
"name": "SAFE_TO_BOOTSTRAP",
"value": "1"
},
{
"name": "DEBUG",
"value": "1"
}
],
"volumeMounts": [
{
"name": "config",
"mountPath": "/etc/mysql/conf.d"
},
{
"name": "data",
"mountPath": "/var/lib/mysql"
}
]
}
]'
spec:
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
containers:
- name: mysql
image: bj-xg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/mariadb:10.1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 3306
name: mysql
- containerPort: 4444
name: sst
- containerPort: 4567
name: replication
- containerPort: 4568
name: ist
env:
- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: mysql-secrets
key: root-password
- name: MYSQL_ROOT_USER
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: mysql-secrets
key: root-user
- name: MYSQL_INITDB_SKIP_TZINFO
value: "yes"
livenessProbe:
exec:
command: ["sh", "-c", "mysql -u\"root\" -p\"\" -e 'show databases;'"]
initialDelaySeconds: 60
timeoutSeconds: 5
readinessProbe:
exec:
command: ["sh", "-c", "mysql -u\"root\" -p\"\" -e 'show databases;'"]
initialDelaySeconds: 20
timeoutSeconds: 5
volumeMounts:
- name: config
mountPath: /etc/mysql/conf.d
- name: data
mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
volumes:
- name: config
configMap:
name: mysql-config-vol
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: data
annotations:
volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: "ceph-web" #引用ceph class 的类
spec:
accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
resources:
requests:
storage: 3Gi

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manifests/mariadb-cluster/galera-namespace.yaml 100644
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apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: galera

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manifests/mariadb-cluster/mysql-config.yaml 100644
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apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: mysql-config-vol
namespace: galera
labels:
app: mysql
data:
mariadb.cnf: |
[client]
default-character-set = utf8
[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
# InnoDB optimizations
innodb_log_file_size = 64M
galera.cnf: |
[galera]
user = mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
# Optimizations
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0
sync_binlog = 0
expire_logs_days = 7
# Required settings
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
binlog_format = ROW
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 2
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_type = 0
# MariaDB Galera settings
#wsrep_debug=ON
wsrep_on=ON
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_sst_method=rsync
# Cluster settings (automatically updated)
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://
wsrep_cluster_name=galera
wsrep_node_address=127.0.0.1

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manifests/mariadb-cluster/mysql-secret.yaml 100644
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apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: mysql-secrets
namespace: galera
labels:
app: mysql
data:
# Root password: changeit run echo -n jimmysong|base64
root-password: amltbXlzb25n
# Root user: root
root-user: cm9vdA==

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practice/cephfs.md 100644
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# CephFS
Cephfs 是一个基于 ceph 集群且兼容POSIX标准的文件系统。创建 cephfs 文件系统时需要在 ceph 集群中添加 mds 服务，该服务负责处理 POSIX 文件系统中的 metadata 部分，实际的数据部分交由 ceph 集群中的 OSDs 处理。cephfs 支持以内核模块方式加载也支持 fuse 方式加载。无论是内核模式还是 fuse 模式，都是通过调用 libcephfs 库来实现 cephfs 文件系统的加载，而 libcephfs 库又调用 librados 库与 ceph 集群进行通信，从而实现 cephfs 的加载。

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practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.md 100644
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# 使用Ceph做持久化存储创建MySQL集群
本文中用到的 yaml 文件可以在 [../manifests/mariadb-cluster](../manifests/mariadb-cluster) 目录下找到。
下面我们以部署一个高可用的 MySQL 集群为例，讲解如何使用 Ceph 做数据持久化，其中使用 StorageClass 动态创建 PV，Ceph 集群我们使用 kubernetes 集群外部的已有的集群，我们没有必要重新部署了。
在 1.4 以后，kubernetes 提供了一种更加方便的动态创建 PV 的方式；也就是说使用 StoragaClass 时无需预先创建固定大小的 PV，等待使用者创建 PVC 来使用；而是直接创建 PVC 即可分配使用。
## 使用 kubernetes 集群外部的 Ceph 存储
在部署 kubernetes 之前我们就已经有了 Ceph 集群，因此我们可以直接拿来用。但是 kubernetes 的所有 node 节点上依然需要安装 ceph 客户端。
```
yum install -y ceph-common
```
如果没有安装 `ceph-common` 的话，kubernetes 在创建 PVC 的时候会有如下报错信息：
```
Events:
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubObjectPath Type Reason Message
--------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- ------ -------
1h 12s 441 {persistentvolume-controller } Warning ProvisioningFailed Failed to provision volume with StorageClass "ceph-web": failed to create rbd image: executable file not found in $PATH, command output:
```
Kubenetes 使用 ceph 存储需要用到如下配置：
- Monitors: Ceph montors 列表
- Path：作为挂载的根路径，默认是 /
- User：RADOS用户名，默认是 admin
- secretFile：keyring 文件路径，默认是 /etc/ceph/user.secret，我们 Ceph 集群提供的文件是 ceph.client.admin.keyring，将在下面用到
- secretRef：Ceph 认证 secret 的引用，如果配置了将会覆盖 secretFile。
- readOnly：该文件系统是否只读。
## Galera Cluster介绍
Galera是一个MySQL(也支持MariaDB，Percona)的同步多主集群软件。
从用户视角看，一组Galera集群可以看作一个具有多入口的MySQL库，用户可以同时从多个IP读写这个库。目前Galera已经得到广泛应用，例如Openstack中，在集群规模不大的情况下，稳定性已经得到了实践考验。真正的multi-master，即所有节点可以同时读写数据库。
## 详细步骤
以下步骤包括创建 Ceph 的配置 和 MySQL 的配置两部分。
### 配置 Ceph
关于 Ceph 的 yaml 文件可以在 [../manifest/cephfs](../manifests/cephfs) 目录下找到。
#### 1. 生成 Ceph secret
使用 Ceph 管理员提供给你的 `ceph.client.admin.keyring` 文件，我们将它放在了 `/etc/ceph` 目录下，用来生成 secret。
```bash
grep key /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring |awk '{printf "%s", $NF}'|base64
```
将获得加密后的 key：`QVFDWDA2aFo5TG5TQnhBQVl1b0lUL2V3YlRSaEtwVEhPWkxvUlE9PQ==`，我们将在后面用到。
#### 2. 创建租户namespace
创建 `galera-namespace.yaml` 文件内容为：
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: galera
```
#### 3. 创建 Ceph secret
创建 `ceph-secret.yaml` 文件内容为：
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: ceph-secret
namespace: galera
type: "kubernetes.io/rbd"
data:
key: QVFDWDA2aFo5TG5TQnhBQVl1b0lUL2V3YlRSaEtwVEhPWkxvUlE9PQ==
```
#### 4. 创建 StorageClass
创建 `ceph-class.yaml` 文件内容为：
```yaml
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
name: ceph-web
provisioner: kubernetes.io/rbd
parameters:
monitors: 172.28.7.98,172.28.7.99,172.28.7.100
adminId: admin
adminSecretName: ceph-secret
adminSecretNamespace: galera
pool: rbd #此处默认是rbd池，生产上建议自己创建存储池隔离
userId: admin
userSecretName: ceph-secret
```
此配置请参考 kubernetes 官方文档：https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/#ceph-rbd
### 配置 MySQL
#### 1. 创建 MySQL 配置文件
创建 `mysql-config.yaml` 文件内容为：
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: mysql-config-vol
namespace: galera
labels:
app: mysql
data:
mariadb.cnf: |
[client]
default-character-set = utf8
[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
# InnoDB optimizations
innodb_log_file_size = 64M
galera.cnf: |
[galera]
user = mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
# Optimizations
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0
sync_binlog = 0
expire_logs_days = 7
# Required settings
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
binlog_format = ROW
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 2
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_type = 0
# MariaDB Galera settings
#wsrep_debug=ON
wsrep_on=ON
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_sst_method=rsync
# Cluster settings (automatically updated)
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://
wsrep_cluster_name=galera
wsrep_node_address=127.0.0.1
```
#### 2. 创建 MySQL root 用户和密码
**创建加密密码**
```bash
$ echo -n jimmysong|base64
amltbXlzb25n
```
注意：一定要用-n 去掉换行符，不然会报错。
**创建 root 用户**
```bash
$ echo -n root |base64
cm9vdA==
```
**创建 MySQL secret**
创建 `mysql-secret.yaml` 文件内容为：
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: mysql-secrets
namespace: galera
labels:
app: mysql
data:
# Root password: changeit run echo -n jimmysong|base64
root-password: amltbXlzb25n
# Root user: root
root-user: cm9vdA==
```
#### 3. 创建 yaml 配置文件
创建 MySQL 的 yaml 文件 `galera-mariadb.yaml` 内容为：
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
annotations:
service.alpha.kubernetes.io/tolerate-unready-endpoints: "true"
name: mysql
namespace: galera
labels:
app: mysql
tier: data
spec:
ports:
- port: 3306
name: mysql
clusterIP: None
selector:
app: mysql
---
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: mysql
namespace: galera
spec:
serviceName: "mysql"
replicas: 3
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: mysql
tier: data
annotations:
pod.beta.kubernetes.io/init-containers: '[
{
"name": "galera-init",
"image": "sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/k8s-galera-init:latest",
"args": ["-service=mysql"],
"env": [
{
"name": "POD_NAMESPACE",
"valueFrom": {
"fieldRef": { "apiVersion": "v1", "fieldPath": "metadata.namespace" }
}
},
{
"name": "SAFE_TO_BOOTSTRAP",
"value": "1"
},
{
"name": "DEBUG",
"value": "1"
}
],
"volumeMounts": [
{
"name": "config",
"mountPath": "/etc/mysql/conf.d"
},
{
"name": "data",
"mountPath": "/var/lib/mysql"
}
]
}
]'
spec:
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
containers:
- name: mysql
image: sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/mariadb:10.1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 3306
name: mysql
- containerPort: 4444
name: sst
- containerPort: 4567
name: replication
- containerPort: 4568
name: ist
env:
- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: mysql-secrets
key: root-password
- name: MYSQL_ROOT_USER
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: mysql-secrets
key: root-user
- name: MYSQL_INITDB_SKIP_TZINFO
value: "yes"
livenessProbe:
exec:
command: ["sh", "-c", "mysql -u\"${MYSQL_ROOT_USER:-root}\" -p\"${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}\" -e 'show databases;'"]
initialDelaySeconds: 60
timeoutSeconds: 5
readinessProbe:
exec:
command: ["sh", "-c", "mysql -u\"${MYSQL_ROOT_USER:-root}\" -p\"${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}\" -e 'show databases;'"]
initialDelaySeconds: 20
timeoutSeconds: 5
volumeMounts:
- name: config
mountPath: /etc/mysql/conf.d
- name: data
mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
volumes:
- name: config
configMap:
name: mysql-config-vol
imagePullSecrets:
- name: "registrykey"
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: data
annotations:
volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: "ceph-web" #引用ceph class 的类
spec:
accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
resources:
requests:
storage: 3Gi
```
## 部署 MySQL 集群
在 `/etc/mariadb-cluster` 目录下执行：
```bash
kubectl create -f .
```
## 验证
## 参考
https://github.com/kubernetes/examples/blob/master/staging/volumes/cephfs/README.md
[k8s-ceph-statefulsets-storageclass-nfs 动态卷有状态应用实践](http://blog.csdn.net/idea77/article/details/72842723)
[Kubernetes persistent storage with Ceph](https://crondev.com/kubernetes-persistent-storage-ceph/)
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/#ceph-rbd