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序言
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.1.3" data-path="../concepts/pod-security-policy.html">
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<a href="../concepts/pod-security-policy.html">
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.1.4" data-path="../concepts/pod-lifecycle.html">
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<a href="../concepts/pod-lifecycle.html">
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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<a href="../concepts/node.html">
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2.2.2 Node
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.3" data-path="../concepts/namespace.html">
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2.2.3 Namespace
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</a>
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2.2.4 Service
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.5" data-path="../concepts/volume.html">
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.6" data-path="../concepts/deployment.html">
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2.2.6 Deployment
|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.7" data-path="../concepts/secret.html">
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<a href="../concepts/secret.html">
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2.2.7 Secret
|
||
|
||
</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.8" data-path="../concepts/statefulset.html">
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<a href="../concepts/statefulset.html">
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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||
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.9" data-path="../concepts/daemonset.html">
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<a href="../concepts/daemonset.html">
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.10" data-path="../concepts/serviceaccount.html">
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<a href="../concepts/serviceaccount.html">
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
|
||
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.11" data-path="../concepts/replicaset.html">
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<a href="../concepts/replicaset.html">
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.12" data-path="../concepts/job.html">
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<a href="../concepts/job.html">
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2.2.12 Job
|
||
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.13" data-path="../concepts/cronjob.html">
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<a href="../concepts/cronjob.html">
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2.2.13 CronJob
|
||
|
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</a>
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.14" data-path="../concepts/ingress.html">
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<a href="../concepts/ingress.html">
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2.2.14 Ingress
|
||
|
||
</a>
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||
|
||
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</li>
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.15" data-path="../concepts/configmap.html">
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<a href="../concepts/configmap.html">
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|
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
|
||
|
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</a>
|
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|
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.15.1" data-path="../concepts/configmap-hot-update.html">
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|
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<a href="../concepts/configmap-hot-update.html">
|
||
|
||
|
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2.2.15.1 ConfigMap的热更新
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
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</li>
|
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|
||
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</ul>
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||
</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.16" data-path="../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
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<a href="../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
|
||
|
||
|
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.17" data-path="../concepts/label.html">
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<a href="../concepts/label.html">
|
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2.2.17 Label
|
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|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.18" data-path="../concepts/garbage-collection.html">
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<a href="../concepts/garbage-collection.html">
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||
|
||
|
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.19" data-path="../concepts/network-policy.html">
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<a href="../concepts/network-policy.html">
|
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|
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.20" data-path="../concepts/annotation.html">
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<a href="../concepts/annotation.html">
|
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|
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2.2.20 Annotation
|
||
|
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</a>
|
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|
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|
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</li>
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|
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="./">
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<a href="./">
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3. 用户指南
|
||
|
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</a>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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<ul class="articles">
|
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|
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1" data-path="resource-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="resource-configuration.html">
|
||
|
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|
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3.1 资源对象配置
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.1" data-path="configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.2" data-path="configure-pod-service-account.html">
|
||
|
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<a href="configure-pod-service-account.html">
|
||
|
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|
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
|
||
|
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</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.3" data-path="secret-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="secret-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.1.3 Secret配置
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.4" data-path="resource-quota-management.html">
|
||
|
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<a href="resource-quota-management.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.2.3 管理namespace中的资源配额
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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</li>
|
||
|
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|
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</ul>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2" data-path="command-usage.html">
|
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|
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<a href="command-usage.html">
|
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|
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|
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3.2 命令使用
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<ul class="articles">
|
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|
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|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.1" data-path="docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
|
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|
||
<a href="docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
|
||
|
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|
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3.2.1 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
|
||
|
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</a>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.2" data-path="using-kubectl.html">
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|
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<a href="using-kubectl.html">
|
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|
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3.2.2 kubectl命令概览
|
||
|
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</a>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.3" data-path="kubectl-cheatsheet.html">
|
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|
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<a href="kubectl-cheatsheet.html">
|
||
|
||
|
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3.2.3 kubectl命令技巧大全
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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</ul>
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3" data-path="cluster-security-management.html">
|
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|
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<a href="cluster-security-management.html">
|
||
|
||
|
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3.3 集群安全性管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
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|
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|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.1" data-path="managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.2" data-path="kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.3" data-path="tls-bootstrapping.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="tls-bootstrapping.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.4" data-path="kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.4 创建用户认证授权的kubeconfig文件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.5" data-path="rbac.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="rbac.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.6" data-path="ip-masq-agent.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="ip-masq-agent.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.6 IP伪装代理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.7" data-path="auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.7 使用kubeconfig或token进行用户身份认证
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4" data-path="access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter active" data-level="1.4.4.1" data-path="access-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="access-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.1 访问集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.2" data-path="authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.3" data-path="connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.4" data-path="service-access-application-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="service-access-application-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5" data-path="application-development-deployment-flow.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="application-development-deployment-flow.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.1" data-path="deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.2" data-path="migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.3" data-path="using-statefulset.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="using-statefulset.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.5.3 使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="../practice/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4. 最佳实践
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1" data-path="../practice/install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1" data-path="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2" data-path="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.3" data-path="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.4" data-path="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.5" data-path="../practice/master-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/master-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.5 部署master节点
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.6" data-path="../practice/node-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/node-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.6 部署node节点
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.7" data-path="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.8" data-path="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.9" data-path="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.9 安装heapster插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.10" data-path="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.10 安装EFK插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2" data-path="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1" data-path="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.2" data-path="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.2 分布式负载测试
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.3" data-path="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.4" data-path="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.4 边缘节点配置
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.5" data-path="../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.5 安装Nginx ingress
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3" data-path="../practice/operation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/operation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3 运维管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.1" data-path="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.1 服务滚动升级
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.2" data-path="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.2 应用日志收集
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.3" data-path="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.3 配置最佳实践
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.4" data-path="../practice/monitor.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/monitor.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.4 集群及应用监控
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.5" data-path="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.6 数据持久化问题
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.6" data-path="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4" data-path="../practice/storage.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/storage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4 存储管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.1" data-path="../practice/glusterfs.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/glusterfs.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.1 GlusterFS
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.1.2" data-path="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.2" data-path="../practice/cephfs.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/cephfs.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.2 CephFS
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.2.1" data-path="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5" data-path="../practice/monitoring.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/monitoring.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.5 集群与应用监控
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.1" data-path="../practice/heapster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/heapster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.5.1 Heapster
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.5.1.1 使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.2" data-path="../practice/prometheus.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/prometheus.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.5.2 Prometheus
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.2.1" data-path="../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.5.2.1 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6" data-path="../practice/services-management-tool.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/services-management-tool.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.6 服务编排管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.1" data-path="../practice/helm.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/helm.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.6.1 使用Helm管理kubernetes应用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.2" data-path="../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.6.2 构建私有Chart仓库
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7" data-path="../practice/ci-cd.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/ci-cd.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.7 持续集成与发布
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7.1" data-path="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.7.1 使用Jenkins进行持续集成与发布
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7.2" data-path="../practice/drone-ci-cd.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/drone-ci-cd.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.7.2 使用Drone进行持续集成与发布
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.8" data-path="../practice/update-and-upgrade.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/update-and-upgrade.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.8 更新与升级
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.8.1" data-path="../practice/manually-upgrade.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/manually-upgrade.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.8.1 手动升级kubernetes集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.8.2" data-path="../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.8.2 升级dashboard
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="../usecases/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5. 领域应用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.1" data-path="../usecases/microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1 微服务架构
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.1.1" data-path="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1 微服务中的服务发现
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2 Service Mesh 服务网格
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2.1" data-path="../usecases/istio.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/istio.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1 Istio
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2.1.1" data-path="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1.1 安装并试用Istio service mesh
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2.1.2" data-path="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2.1.3" data-path="../usecases/install-and-expand-istio-mesh.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/install-and-expand-istio-mesh.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1.3 安装和拓展Istio service mesh
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2.1.4" data-path="../usecases/integrating-vms.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/integrating-vms.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1.4 集成虚拟机
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2.2" data-path="../usecases/linkerd.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/linkerd.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.2 Linkerd
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2.2.1" data-path="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3" data-path="../usecases/big-data.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/big-data.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2 大数据
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3.1" data-path="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3.2" data-path="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.4" data-path="../usecases/serverless.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/serverless.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.3 Serverless架构
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.5" data-path="../usecases/edge-computing.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/edge-computing.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.4 边缘计算
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="../develop/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6. 开发指南
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.1" data-path="../develop/developing-environment.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/developing-environment.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.1 开发环境搭建
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.2" data-path="../develop/testing.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/testing.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.2 单元测试和集成测试
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.3" data-path="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.3 client-go示例
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.4" data-path="../develop/contribute.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/contribute.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.4 社区贡献
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.5" data-path="../develop/minikube.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/minikube.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.5 Minikube
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8" data-path="../appendix/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7. 附录
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.1" data-path="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.1 Docker最佳实践
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.2" data-path="../appendix/issues.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/issues.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.2 问题记录
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.3" data-path="../appendix/tricks.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/tricks.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.3 使用技巧
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.4" data-path="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.4 kubernetes中的应用故障排查
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.5" data-path="../appendix/material-share.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/material-share.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.5 Kubernetes相关资讯和情报链接
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="divider"></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.gitbook.com" target="blank" class="gitbook-link">
|
||
本书使用 GitBook 发布
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="book-body">
|
||
|
||
<div class="body-inner">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="book-header" role="navigation">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Title -->
|
||
<h1>
|
||
<i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i>
|
||
<a href=".." >3.4.1 访问集群</a>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="page-wrapper" tabindex="-1" role="main">
|
||
<div class="page-inner">
|
||
|
||
<div class="search-plus" id="book-search-results">
|
||
<div class="search-noresults">
|
||
|
||
<section class="normal markdown-section">
|
||
|
||
<h2 id="访问集群">访问集群</h2>
|
||
<h3 id="第一次使用-kubectl-访问">第一次使用 kubectl 访问</h3>
|
||
<p>如果您是第一次访问 Kubernetes API 的话，我们建议您使用 Kubernetes 命令行工具：<code>kubectl</code>。</p>
|
||
<p>为了访问集群，您需要知道集群的地址，并且需要有访问它的凭证。通常，如果您完成了 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/getting-started-guides" target="_blank">入门指南</a> 那么这些将会自动设置，或者其他人为您部署的集群提供并给您凭证和集群地址。</p>
|
||
<p>使用下面的命令检查 kubectl 已知的集群的地址和凭证：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ kubectl config view
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>关于 kubectl 命令使用的更多 <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/%7B%7Bpage.githubbranch%7D%7D/examples/" target="_blank">示例</a> 和完整文档可以在这里找到：<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/kubectl/index" target="_blank">kubectl 手册</a></p>
|
||
<h3 id="直接访问-rest-api">直接访问 REST API</h3>
|
||
<p>Kubectl 处理对 apiserver 的定位和认证。如果您想直接访问 REST API，可以使用像 curl、wget 或浏览器这样的 http 客户端，有以下几种方式来定位和认证：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>以 proxy 模式运行 kubectl。<ul>
|
||
<li>推荐方法。</li>
|
||
<li>使用已保存的 apiserver 位置信息。</li>
|
||
<li>使用自签名证书验证 apiserver 的身份。 没有 MITM（中间人攻击）的可能。</li>
|
||
<li>认证到 apiserver。</li>
|
||
<li>将来，可能会做智能的客户端负载均衡和故障转移。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>直接向 http 客户端提供位置和凭据。<ul>
|
||
<li>替代方法。</li>
|
||
<li>适用于通过使用代理而混淆的某些类型的客户端代码。</li>
|
||
<li>需要将根证书导入浏览器以防止 MITM。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h4 id="使用-kubectl-proxy">使用 kubectl proxy</h4>
|
||
<p>以下命令作为反向代理的模式运行 kubectl。 它处理对 apiserver 的定位并进行认证。</p>
|
||
<p>像这样运行：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ kubectl proxy --port=8080 &
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>查看关于 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/kubectl/v1.6/#proxy" target="_blank">kubectl proxy</a> 的更多细节。</p>
|
||
<p>然后您可以使用 curl、wget 或者浏览器来访问 API，如下所示：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ curl http://localhost:8080/api/
|
||
{
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"versions"</span>: [
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"v1"</span>
|
||
]
|
||
}
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="不使用-kubectl-proxy（13x-以前版本）">不使用 kubectl proxy（1.3.x 以前版本）</h4>
|
||
<p>通过将认证 token 直接传递给 apiserver 的方式，可以避免使用 kubectl proxy，如下所示：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ APISERVER=$(kubectl config view | grep server | cut <span class="hljs-_">-f</span> 2- <span class="hljs-_">-d</span> <span class="hljs-string">":"</span> | tr <span class="hljs-_">-d</span> <span class="hljs-string">" "</span>)
|
||
$ TOKEN=$(kubectl config view | grep token | cut <span class="hljs-_">-f</span> 2 <span class="hljs-_">-d</span> <span class="hljs-string">":"</span> | tr <span class="hljs-_">-d</span> <span class="hljs-string">" "</span>)
|
||
$ curl <span class="hljs-variable">$APISERVER</span>/api --header <span class="hljs-string">"Authorization: Bearer <span class="hljs-variable">$TOKEN</span>"</span> --insecure
|
||
{
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"versions"</span>: [
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"v1"</span>
|
||
]
|
||
}
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="不使用-kubectl-proxy（13x-以后版本）">不使用 kubectl proxy（1.3.x 以后版本）</h4>
|
||
<p>在 Kubernetes 1.3 或更高版本中，<code>kubectl config view</code> 不再显示 token。 使用 <code>kubectl describe secret …</code> 获取 default service account 的 token，如下所示：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ APISERVER=$(kubectl config view | grep server | cut <span class="hljs-_">-f</span> 2- <span class="hljs-_">-d</span> <span class="hljs-string">":"</span> | tr <span class="hljs-_">-d</span> <span class="hljs-string">" "</span>)
|
||
$ TOKEN=$(kubectl describe secret $(kubectl get secrets | grep default | cut <span class="hljs-_">-f</span>1 <span class="hljs-_">-d</span> <span class="hljs-string">' '</span>) | grep -E <span class="hljs-string">'^token'</span> | cut <span class="hljs-_">-f</span>2 <span class="hljs-_">-d</span><span class="hljs-string">':'</span> | tr <span class="hljs-_">-d</span> <span class="hljs-string">'\t'</span>)
|
||
$ curl <span class="hljs-variable">$APISERVER</span>/api --header <span class="hljs-string">"Authorization: Bearer <span class="hljs-variable">$TOKEN</span>"</span> --insecure
|
||
{
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"kind"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"APIVersions"</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"versions"</span>: [
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"v1"</span>
|
||
],
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"serverAddressByClientCIDRs"</span>: [
|
||
{
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"clientCIDR"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"0.0.0.0/0"</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"serverAddress"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"10.0.1.149:443"</span>
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
}
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>以上示例使用<code>--insecure</code> 标志。 这使得它容易受到 MITM 攻击。 当 kubectl 访问集群时，它使用存储的根证书和客户端证书来访问服务器。 （这些安装在<code>~/.kube</code>目录中）。 由于集群证书通常是自签名的，因此可能需要特殊配置才能让您的 http 客户端使用根证书。</p>
|
||
<p>对于某些群集，apiserver 可能不需要身份验证；可以选择在本地主机上服务，或者使用防火墙保护。 对此还没有一个标准。<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/accessing-the-api" target="_blank">配置对API的访问</a> 描述了群集管理员如何配置此操作。 这种方法可能与未来的高可用性支持相冲突。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="编程访问-api">编程访问 API</h3>
|
||
<p>Kubernetes 支持 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/access-cluster.md#go-client" target="_blank">Go</a> 和 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/access-cluster.md#python-client" target="_blank">Python</a> 客户端库。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="go-客户端">Go 客户端</h4>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>要获取该库，请运行以下命令：<code>go get k8s.io/client-go/<version number>/kubernetes</code> 请参阅 <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/client-go" target="_blank">https://github.com/kubernetes/client-go</a> 以查看支持哪些版本。</li>
|
||
<li>使用 client-go 客户端编程。请注意，client-go 定义了自己的 API 对象，因此如果需要，请从 client-go 而不是从主存储库导入 API 定义，例如导入 <code>k8s.io/client-go/1.4/pkg/api/v1</code> 是正确的。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Go 客户端可以使用与 kubectl 命令行工具相同的 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig" target="_blank">kubeconfig 文件</a> 来定位和验证 apiserver。参考官方 <a href="https://git.k8s.io/client-go/examples/out-of-cluster-client-configuration/main.go" target="_blank">示例</a> 和 <a href="../develop/client-go-sample.html">client-go 示例</a>。</p>
|
||
<p>如果应用程序在群集中以 Pod 的形式部署，请参考 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/access-cluster.md#accessing-the-api-from-a-pod" target="_blank">下一节</a>。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="python-客户端">Python 客户端</h4>
|
||
<p>要使用 <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/client-python" target="_blank">Python client</a>，请运行以下命令：<code>pip install kubernetes</code>。查看 <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/client-python" target="_blank">Python 客户端库页面</a> 获取更多的安装选择。</p>
|
||
<p>Python 客户端可以使用与 kubectl 命令行工具相同的 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig" target="_blank">kubeconfig 文件</a> 来定位和验证 apiserver。参考该 <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/client-python/tree/master/examples/example1.py" target="_blank">示例</a>。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="其他语言">其他语言</h4>
|
||
<p>还有更多的 <a href="https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/client-libraries.md" target="_blank">客户端库</a> 可以用来访问 API。有关其他库的验证方式，请参阅文档。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="在-pod-中访问-api">在 Pod 中访问 API</h3>
|
||
<p>在 Pod 中访问 API 时，定位和认证到 API server 的方式有所不同。在 Pod 中找到 apiserver 地址的推荐方法是使用kubernetes DNS 名称，将它解析为服务 IP，后者又将被路由到 apiserver。</p>
|
||
<p>向 apiserver 认证的推荐方法是使用 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/service-accounts" target="_blank">service account</a> 凭据。通过 kube-system，pod 与 service account 相关联，并且将该 service account 的凭据（token）放入该 pod 中每个容器的文件系统树中，位于 <code>/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token</code>。</p>
|
||
<p>如果可用，证书包将位于每个容器的文件系统树的 <code>/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt</code> 位置，并用于验证 apiserver 的服务证书。</p>
|
||
<p>最后，用于 namespace API 操作的默认 namespace 放在每个容器中的 <code>/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/namespace</code> 中。</p>
|
||
<p>在 pod 中，连接到 API 的推荐方法是：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><p>将 kubectl proxy 作为 pod 中的一个容器来运行，或作为在容器内运行的后台进程。它将 Kubernetes API 代理到 pod 的本地主机接口，以便其他任何 pod 中的容器内的进程都可以访问它。请参阅 <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/%7B%7Bpage.githubbranch%7D%7D/examples/kubectl-container/" target="_blank">在 pod 中使用 kubectl proxy 的示例</a>。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><p>使用 Go 客户端库，并使用 <code>rest.InClusterConfig()</code> 和 <code>kubernetes.NewForConfig()</code> 函数创建一个客户端。</p>
|
||
<p>他们处理对 apiserver 的定位和认证。<a href="https://git.k8s.io/client-go/examples/in-cluster-client-configuration/main.go" target="_blank">示例</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>在以上的几种情况下，都需要使用 pod 的凭据与 apiserver 进行安全通信。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="访问集群中运行的-service">访问集群中运行的 service</h2>
|
||
<p>上一节是关于连接到 kubernetes API server。这一节是关于连接到 kubernetes 集群中运行的 service。在 Kubernetes 中，<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/node" target="_blank">node</a>、 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/pods" target="_blank">pod</a> 和 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/services" target="_blank">services</a> 都有它们自己的 IP。很多情况下，集群中 node 的 IP、Pod 的 IP、service 的 IP 都是不可路由的，因此在集群外面的机器就无法访问到它们，例如从您自己的笔记本电脑。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="连接的方式">连接的方式</h3>
|
||
<p>您可以选择以下几种方式从集群外部连接到 node、pod 和 service：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>通过 public IP 访问 service。<ul>
|
||
<li>使用 <code>NodePort</code> 和 <code>LoadBalancer</code> 类型的 service，以使 service 能够在集群外部被访问到。请查看 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/services" target="_blank">service</a> 和 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/kubectl/v1.6/#expose" target="_blank">kubectl expose</a> 文档。</li>
|
||
<li>根据您的群集环境，这可能会将服务暴露给您的公司网络，或者可能会将其暴露在互联网上。想想暴露的服务是否安全。它是否自己进行身份验证？</li>
|
||
<li>将 pod 放在服务后面。 要从一组副本（例如为了调试）访问一个特定的 pod，请在 pod 上放置一个唯一的 label，并创建一个选择该 label 的新服务。</li>
|
||
<li>在大多数情况下，应用程序开发人员不需要通过 node IP 直接访问节点。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>通过 Proxy 规则访问 service、node、pod。<ul>
|
||
<li>在访问远程服务之前，请执行 apiserver 认证和授权。 如果服务不够安全，无法暴露给互联网，或者为了访问节点 IP 上的端口或进行调试，请使用这种方式。</li>
|
||
<li>代理可能会导致某些 Web 应用程序出现问题。</li>
|
||
<li>仅适用于 HTTP/HTTPS。</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/access-cluster.md#manually-constructing-apiserver-proxy-urls" target="_blank">见此描述</a>。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>在集群内访问 node 和 pod。<ul>
|
||
<li>运行一个 pod，然后使用 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/kubectl/v1.6/#exec" target="_blank">kubectl exec</a> 命令连接到 shell。从该 shell 中连接到其他 node、pod 和 service。</li>
|
||
<li>有些集群可能允许 ssh 到集群上的某个节点。 从那个节点您可以访问到集群中的服务。这是一个非标准的方法，它可能将在某些集群上奏效，而在某些集群不行。这些节点上可能安装了浏览器和其他工具也可能没有。群集 DNS 可能无法正常工作。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="访问内置服务">访问内置服务</h3>
|
||
<p>通常集群内会有几个在 kube-system 中启动的服务。使用 <code>kubectl cluster-info</code> 命令获取该列表：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ kubectl cluster-info
|
||
|
||
Kubernetes master is running at https://104.197.5.247
|
||
elasticsearch-logging is running at https://104.197.5.247/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/elasticsearch-logging/proxy
|
||
kibana-logging is running at https://104.197.5.247/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kibana-logging/proxy
|
||
kube-dns is running at https://104.197.5.247/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns/proxy
|
||
grafana is running at https://104.197.5.247/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana/proxy
|
||
heapster is running at https://104.197.5.247/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-heapster/proxy
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>这显示了访问每个服务的代理 URL。</p>
|
||
<p>例如，此集群启用了集群级日志记录（使用Elasticsearch），如果传入合适的凭据，可以在该地址 <code>https://104.197.5.247/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/elasticsearch-logging/proxy/</code> 访问到，或通过 kubectl 代理，例如：<code>http://localhost:8080/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/elasticsearch-logging/proxy/</code>。</p>
|
||
<p>（有关如何传递凭据和使用 kubectl 代理，请 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/access-cluster.md#accessing-the-cluster-api" target="_blank">参阅上文</a>）</p>
|
||
<h4 id="手动构建-apiserver-代理-url">手动构建 apiserver 代理 URL</h4>
|
||
<p>如上所述，您可以使用 <code>kubectl cluster-info</code> 命令来检索服务的代理 URL。要创建包含服务端点、后缀和参数的代理 URL，您只需附加到服务的代理URL：</p>
|
||
<p><code>http://</code><em>kubernetes_master_address</em><code>/api/v1/namespaces/</code><em>namespace_name</em><code>/services/</code><em>service_name[:port_name]</em><code>/proxy</code></p>
|
||
<p>如果您没有指定 port 的名字，那么您不必在 URL 里指定 port_name。</p>
|
||
<h5 id="示例">示例</h5>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>要想访问 Elasticsearch 的服务端点 <code>_search?q=user:kimchy</code>，您需要使用：<code>http://104.197.5.247/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/elasticsearch-logging/proxy/_search?q=user:kimchy</code></li>
|
||
<li>要想访问 Elasticsearch 的集群健康信息 <code>_cluster/health?pretty=true</code>，您需要使用：<code>https://104.197.5.247/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/elasticsearch-logging/proxy/_cluster/health?pretty=true</code></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-json"> {
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"cluster_name"</span> : <span class="hljs-string">"kubernetes_logging"</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"status"</span> : <span class="hljs-string">"yellow"</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"timed_out"</span> : <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"number_of_nodes"</span> : <span class="hljs-number">1</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"number_of_data_nodes"</span> : <span class="hljs-number">1</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"active_primary_shards"</span> : <span class="hljs-number">5</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"active_shards"</span> : <span class="hljs-number">5</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"relocating_shards"</span> : <span class="hljs-number">0</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"initializing_shards"</span> : <span class="hljs-number">0</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"unassigned_shards"</span> : <span class="hljs-number">5</span>
|
||
}
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="使用-web-浏览器来访问集群中运行的服务">使用 web 浏览器来访问集群中运行的服务</h4>
|
||
<p>您可以将 apiserver 代理网址放在浏览器的地址栏中。 然而：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Web 浏览器通常不能传递 token，因此您可能需要使用基本（密码）认证。 Apiserver 可以配置为接受基本认证，但您的集群可能未配置为接受基本认证。</li>
|
||
<li>某些网络应用程序可能无法正常工作，特别是那些在不知道代理路径前缀的情况下构造 URL 的客户端 JavaScript。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="请求重定向">请求重定向</h2>
|
||
<p>重定向功能已被弃用和删除。 请改用代理（见下文）。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="多种代理">多种代理</h2>
|
||
<p>在使用 kubernetes 的时候您可能会遇到许多种不同的代理：</p>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/access-cluster.md#directly-accessing-the-rest-api" target="_blank">kubectl 代理</a>：<ul>
|
||
<li>在用户桌面或 pod 中运行</li>
|
||
<li>从 localhost 地址到 Kubernetes apiserver 的代理</li>
|
||
<li>客户端到代理使用 HTTP</li>
|
||
<li>apiserver 的代理使用 HTTPS</li>
|
||
<li>定位 apiserver</li>
|
||
<li>添加身份验证 header</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/access-cluster.md#discovering-builtin-services" target="_blank">apiserver 代理</a>：<ul>
|
||
<li>将一个堡垒机作为 apiserver</li>
|
||
<li>将群集之外的用户连接到群集IP，否则可能无法访问</li>
|
||
<li>在 apiserver 进程中运行</li>
|
||
<li>客户端到代理使用 HTTPS（或 http，如果 apiserver 如此配置）</li>
|
||
<li>根据代理目标的可用信息由代理选择使用 HTTP 或 HTTPS</li>
|
||
<li>可用于访问 node、pod 或 service</li>
|
||
<li>用于访问 service 时进行负载均衡</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/services/#ips-and-vips" target="_blank">kube 代理</a>：<ul>
|
||
<li>在每个节点上运行</li>
|
||
<li>代理 UDP 和 TCP</li>
|
||
<li>不支持 HTTP</li>
|
||
<li>提供负载均衡</li>
|
||
<li>只是用来访问 service</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>apiserver 前面的代理/负载均衡器：<ul>
|
||
<li>存在和实现因群集而异（例如 nginx）</li>
|
||
<li>位于所有客户端和一个或多个 apiserver 之间</li>
|
||
<li>作为负载均衡器，如果有多个 apiserver</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
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