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序言
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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<a href="pod-overview.html">
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2.2.1 Pod
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<ul class="articles">
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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<a href="init-containers.html">
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.1.3" data-path="pod-security-policy.html">
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<a href="pod-security-policy.html">
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.1.4" data-path="pod-lifecycle.html">
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<a href="pod-lifecycle.html">
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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</a>
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</ul>
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<a href="node.html">
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2.2.2 Node
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.3" data-path="namespace.html">
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<a href="namespace.html">
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2.2.3 Namespace
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.4" data-path="service.html">
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<a href="service.html">
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2.2.4 Service
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.5" data-path="volume.html">
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<a href="volume.html">
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.6" data-path="deployment.html">
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<a href="deployment.html">
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2.2.6 Deployment
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.7" data-path="secret.html">
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<a href="secret.html">
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|
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2.2.7 Secret
|
||
|
||
</a>
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|
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|
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</li>
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.8" data-path="statefulset.html">
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<a href="statefulset.html">
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
|
||
|
||
</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.9" data-path="daemonset.html">
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<a href="daemonset.html">
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.10" data-path="serviceaccount.html">
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<a href="serviceaccount.html">
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
|
||
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||
</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.11" data-path="replicaset.html">
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<a href="replicaset.html">
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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||
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||
</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.12" data-path="job.html">
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<a href="job.html">
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2.2.12 Job
|
||
|
||
</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.13" data-path="cronjob.html">
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<a href="cronjob.html">
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2.2.13 CronJob
|
||
|
||
</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.14" data-path="ingress.html">
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<a href="ingress.html">
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2.2.14 Ingress
|
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|
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</a>
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|
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</li>
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.15" data-path="configmap.html">
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<a href="configmap.html">
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|
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
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|
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|
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<ul class="articles">
|
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|
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.15.1" data-path="configmap-hot-update.html">
|
||
|
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<a href="configmap-hot-update.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
2.2.15.1 ConfigMap的热更新
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
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|
||
</li>
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.16" data-path="horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
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|
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<a href="horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
|
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|
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|
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.17" data-path="label.html">
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<a href="label.html">
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|
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2.2.17 Label
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.18" data-path="garbage-collection.html">
|
||
|
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<a href="garbage-collection.html">
|
||
|
||
|
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
|
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|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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</li>
|
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|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.19" data-path="network-policy.html">
|
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|
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<a href="network-policy.html">
|
||
|
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
|
||
|
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</a>
|
||
|
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|
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</li>
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.20" data-path="annotation.html">
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<a href="annotation.html">
|
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|
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2.2.20 Annotation
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
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</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
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</li>
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|
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</ul>
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</li>
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="../guide/">
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|
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<a href="../guide/">
|
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3. 用户指南
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1" data-path="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
|
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|
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<a href="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.1 资源对象配置
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.1" data-path="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.2" data-path="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.3" data-path="../guide/secret-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/secret-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.1.3 Secret配置
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.4" data-path="../guide/resource-quota-management.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/resource-quota-management.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.2.3 管理namespace中的资源配额
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2" data-path="../guide/command-usage.html">
|
||
|
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<a href="../guide/command-usage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.2 命令使用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.1" data-path="../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.2.1 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.2" data-path="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
|
||
|
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<a href="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.2.2 kubectl命令概览
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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</li>
|
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|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.3" data-path="../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html">
|
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|
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<a href="../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.2.3 kubectl命令技巧大全
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
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|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3" data-path="../guide/cluster-security-management.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/cluster-security-management.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3 集群安全性管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.1" data-path="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.2" data-path="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.3" data-path="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.4" data-path="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.4 创建用户认证授权的kubeconfig文件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.5" data-path="../guide/rbac.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/rbac.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.6" data-path="../guide/ip-masq-agent.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/ip-masq-agent.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.6 IP伪装代理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.7" data-path="../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.7 使用kubeconfig或token进行用户身份认证
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.8" data-path="../guide/authentication.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/authentication.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.8 kubernetes中的用户与身份认证授权
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4" data-path="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1" data-path="../guide/access-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/access-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.1 访问集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.2" data-path="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.3" data-path="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.4" data-path="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5" data-path="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.1" data-path="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.2" data-path="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.3" data-path="../guide/using-statefulset.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/using-statefulset.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.5.3 使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="../practice/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4. 最佳实践
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1" data-path="../practice/install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1" data-path="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2" data-path="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.3" data-path="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.4" data-path="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.5" data-path="../practice/master-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/master-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.5 部署master节点
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.6" data-path="../practice/node-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/node-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.6 部署node节点
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.7" data-path="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.8" data-path="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.9" data-path="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.9 安装heapster插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.10" data-path="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.10 安装EFK插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2" data-path="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1" data-path="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.2" data-path="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.2 分布式负载测试
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.3" data-path="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.4" data-path="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.4 边缘节点配置
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.5" data-path="../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.5 安装Nginx ingress
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3" data-path="../practice/operation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/operation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3 运维管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.1" data-path="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.1 服务滚动升级
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.2" data-path="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.2 应用日志收集
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.3" data-path="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.3 配置最佳实践
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.4" data-path="../practice/monitor.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/monitor.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.4 集群及应用监控
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.5" data-path="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.6 数据持久化问题
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.6" data-path="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4" data-path="../practice/storage.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/storage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4 存储管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.1" data-path="../practice/glusterfs.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/glusterfs.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.1 GlusterFS
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.1.2" data-path="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.2" data-path="../practice/cephfs.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/cephfs.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.2 CephFS
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.2.1" data-path="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5" data-path="../practice/monitoring.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/monitoring.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.5 集群与应用监控
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.1" data-path="../practice/heapster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/heapster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.5.1 Heapster
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.5.1.1 使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.2" data-path="../practice/prometheus.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/prometheus.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.5.2 Prometheus
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.2.1" data-path="../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.5.2.1 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6" data-path="../practice/services-management-tool.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/services-management-tool.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.6 服务编排管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.1" data-path="../practice/helm.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/helm.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.6.1 使用Helm管理kubernetes应用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.6.2" data-path="../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.6.2 构建私有Chart仓库
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7" data-path="../practice/ci-cd.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/ci-cd.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.7 持续集成与发布
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7.1" data-path="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.7.1 使用Jenkins进行持续集成与发布
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.7.2" data-path="../practice/drone-ci-cd.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/drone-ci-cd.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.7.2 使用Drone进行持续集成与发布
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.8" data-path="../practice/update-and-upgrade.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/update-and-upgrade.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.8 更新与升级
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.8.1" data-path="../practice/manually-upgrade.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/manually-upgrade.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.8.1 手动升级kubernetes集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.8.2" data-path="../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.8.2 升级dashboard
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="../usecases/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5. 领域应用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.1" data-path="../usecases/microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1 微服务架构
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.1.1" data-path="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1 微服务中的服务发现
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2 Service Mesh 服务网格
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2.1" data-path="../usecases/istio.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/istio.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1 Istio
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2.1.1" data-path="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1.1 安装并试用Istio service mesh
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2.1.2" data-path="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2.1.3" data-path="../usecases/install-and-expand-istio-mesh.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/install-and-expand-istio-mesh.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1.3 安装和拓展Istio service mesh
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2.1.4" data-path="../usecases/integrating-vms.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/integrating-vms.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1.4 集成虚拟机
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2.2" data-path="../usecases/linkerd.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/linkerd.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.2 Linkerd
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2.2.1" data-path="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3" data-path="../usecases/big-data.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/big-data.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2 大数据
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3.1" data-path="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3.2" data-path="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.4" data-path="../usecases/serverless.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/serverless.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.3 Serverless架构
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.5" data-path="../usecases/edge-computing.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/edge-computing.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.4 边缘计算
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="../develop/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6. 开发指南
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.1" data-path="../develop/developing-environment.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/developing-environment.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.1 开发环境搭建
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.2" data-path="../develop/testing.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/testing.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.2 单元测试和集成测试
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.3" data-path="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.3 client-go示例
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.4" data-path="../develop/contribute.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/contribute.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.4 社区贡献
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.5" data-path="../develop/minikube.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/minikube.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.5 Minikube
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8" data-path="../appendix/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7. 附录
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.1" data-path="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.1 Docker最佳实践
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.2" data-path="../appendix/issues.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/issues.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.2 问题记录
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.3" data-path="../appendix/tricks.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/tricks.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.3 使用技巧
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.4" data-path="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.4 kubernetes中的应用故障排查
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.5" data-path="../appendix/material-share.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/material-share.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.5 Kubernetes相关资讯和情报链接
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="divider"></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.gitbook.com" target="blank" class="gitbook-link">
|
||
本书使用 GitBook 发布
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="book-body">
|
||
|
||
<div class="body-inner">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="book-header" role="navigation">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Title -->
|
||
<h1>
|
||
<i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i>
|
||
<a href=".." >2.2.1.2 Init容器</a>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="page-wrapper" tabindex="-1" role="main">
|
||
<div class="page-inner">
|
||
|
||
<div class="search-plus" id="book-search-results">
|
||
<div class="search-noresults">
|
||
|
||
<section class="normal markdown-section">
|
||
|
||
<h1 id="init-容器">Init 容器</h1>
|
||
<p>该特性在 1.6 版本已经退出 beta 版本。Init 容器可以在 PodSpec 中同应用程序的 <code>containers</code> 数组一起来指定。 beta 注解的值将仍需保留，并覆盖 PodSpec 字段值。</p>
|
||
<p>本文讲解 Init 容器的基本概念，它是一种专用的容器，在应用程序容器启动之前运行，并包括一些应用镜像中不存在的实用工具和安装脚本。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="理解-init-容器">理解 Init 容器</h2>
|
||
<p><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/abstractions/pod/" target="_blank">Pod</a> 能够具有多个容器，应用运行在容器里面，但是它也可能有一个或多个先于应用容器启动的 Init 容器。</p>
|
||
<p>Init 容器与普通的容器非常像，除了如下两点：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Init 容器总是运行到成功完成为止。</li>
|
||
<li>每个 Init 容器都必须在下一个 Init 容器启动之前成功完成。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>如果 Pod 的 Init 容器失败，Kubernetes 会不断地重启该 Pod，直到 Init 容器成功为止。然而，如果 Pod 对应的 <code>restartPolicy</code> 为 Never，它不会重新启动。</p>
|
||
<p>指定容器为 Init 容器，在 PodSpec 中添加 <code>initContainers</code> 字段，以 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/api-reference/v1.6/#container-v1-core" target="_blank">v1.Container</a> 类型对象的 JSON 数组的形式，还有 app 的 <code>containers</code> 数组。 Init 容器的状态在 <code>status.initContainerStatuses</code> 字段中以容器状态数组的格式返回（类似 <code>status.containerStatuses</code> 字段）。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="与普通容器的不同之处">与普通容器的不同之处</h3>
|
||
<p>Init 容器支持应用容器的全部字段和特性，包括资源限制、数据卷和安全设置。 然而，Init 容器对资源请求和限制的处理稍有不同，在下面 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/init-containers/#resources" target="_blank">资源</a> 处有说明。 而且 Init 容器不支持 Readiness Probe，因为它们必须在 Pod 就绪之前运行完成。</p>
|
||
<p>如果为一个 Pod 指定了多个 Init 容器，那些容器会按顺序一次运行一个。 每个 Init 容器必须运行成功，下一个才能够运行。 当所有的 Init 容器运行完成时，Kubernetes 初始化 Pod 并像平常一样运行应用容器。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="init-容器能做什么？">Init 容器能做什么？</h2>
|
||
<p>因为 Init 容器具有与应用程序容器分离的单独镜像，所以它们的启动相关代码具有如下优势：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>它们可以包含并运行实用工具，但是出于安全考虑，是不建议在应用程序容器镜像中包含这些实用工具的。</li>
|
||
<li>它们可以包含使用工具和定制化代码来安装，但是不能出现在应用程序镜像中。例如，创建镜像没必要 <code>FROM</code> 另一个镜像，只需要在安装过程中使用类似 <code>sed</code>、 <code>awk</code>、 <code>python</code> 或 <code>dig</code> 这样的工具。</li>
|
||
<li>应用程序镜像可以分离出创建和部署的角色，而没有必要联合它们构建一个单独的镜像。</li>
|
||
<li>Init 容器使用 Linux Namespace，所以相对应用程序容器来说具有不同的文件系统视图。因此，它们能够具有访问 Secret 的权限，而应用程序容器则不能。</li>
|
||
<li>它们必须在应用程序容器启动之前运行完成，而应用程序容器是并行运行的，所以 Init 容器能够提供了一种简单的阻塞或延迟应用容器的启动的方法，直到满足了一组先决条件。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="示例">示例</h3>
|
||
<p>下面是一些如何使用 Init 容器的想法：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><p>等待一个 Service 创建完成，通过类似如下 shell 命令：</p>
|
||
<pre><code> for i in {1..100}; do sleep 1; if dig myservice; then exit 0; fi; exit 1
|
||
</code></pre></li>
|
||
<li><p>将 Pod 注册到远程服务器，通过在命令中调用 API，类似如下：</p>
|
||
<pre><code> curl -X POST http://$MANAGEMENT_SERVICE_HOST:$MANAGEMENT_SERVICE_PORT/register -d 'instance=$(<POD_NAME>)&ip=$(<POD_IP>)'
|
||
</code></pre></li>
|
||
<li><p>在启动应用容器之前等一段时间，使用类似 <code>sleep 60</code> 的命令。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><p>克隆 Git 仓库到数据卷。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><p>将配置值放到配置文件中，运行模板工具为主应用容器动态地生成配置文件。例如，在配置文件中存放 POD_IP 值，并使用 Jinja 生成主应用配置文件。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>更多详细用法示例，可以在 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/abstractions/controllers/statefulsets/" target="_blank">StatefulSet 文档</a> 和 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/production-pods.md#handling-initialization" target="_blank">生产环境 Pod 指南</a> 中找到。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="使用-init-容器">使用 Init 容器</h3>
|
||
<p>下面是 Kubernetes 1.5 版本 yaml 文件，展示了一个具有 2 个 Init 容器的简单 Pod。 第一个等待 <code>myservice</code> 启动，第二个等待 <code>mydb</code> 启动。 一旦这两个 Service 都启动完成，Pod 将开始启动。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Pod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> myapp-pod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> labels:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> app:</span> myapp
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> annotations:</span>
|
||
pod.beta.kubernetes.io/init-containers: <span class="hljs-string">'[
|
||
{
|
||
"name": "init-myservice",
|
||
"image": "busybox",
|
||
"command": ["sh", "-c", "until nslookup myservice; do echo waiting for myservice; sleep 2; done;"]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"name": "init-mydb",
|
||
"image": "busybox",
|
||
"command": ["sh", "-c", "until nslookup mydb; do echo waiting for mydb; sleep 2; done;"]
|
||
}
|
||
]'</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> myapp-container
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> busybox
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> command:</span> [<span class="hljs-string">'sh'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'-c'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'echo The app is running! && sleep 3600'</span>]
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>这是 Kubernetes 1.6 版本的新语法，尽管老的 annotation 语法仍然可以使用。我们已经把 Init 容器的声明移到 <code>spec</code> 中：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Pod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> myapp-pod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> labels:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> app:</span> myapp
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> myapp-container
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> busybox
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> command:</span> [<span class="hljs-string">'sh'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'-c'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'echo The app is running! && sleep 3600'</span>]
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> initContainers:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> init-myservice
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> busybox
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> command:</span> [<span class="hljs-string">'sh'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'-c'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'until nslookup myservice; do echo waiting for myservice; sleep 2; done;'</span>]
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> init-mydb
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> busybox
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> command:</span> [<span class="hljs-string">'sh'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'-c'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'until nslookup mydb; do echo waiting for mydb; sleep 2; done;'</span>]
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>1.5 版本的语法在 1.6 版本仍然可以使用，但是我们推荐使用 1.6 版本的新语法。 在 Kubernetes 1.6 版本中，Init 容器在 API 中新建了一个字段。 虽然期望使用 beta 版本的 annotation，但在未来发行版将会被废弃掉。</p>
|
||
<p>下面的 yaml 文件展示了 <code>mydb</code> 和 <code>myservice</code> 两个 Service：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Service
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> myservice
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> ports:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - protocol:</span> TCP
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> port:</span> <span class="hljs-number">80</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> targetPort:</span> <span class="hljs-number">9376</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-meta">---</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Service
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> mydb
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> ports:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - protocol:</span> TCP
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> port:</span> <span class="hljs-number">80</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> targetPort:</span> <span class="hljs-number">9377</span>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>这个 Pod 可以使用下面的命令进行启动和调试：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ kubectl create <span class="hljs-_">-f</span> myapp.yaml
|
||
pod <span class="hljs-string">"myapp-pod"</span> created
|
||
$ kubectl get <span class="hljs-_">-f</span> myapp.yaml
|
||
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
|
||
myapp-pod 0/1 Init:0/2 0 6m
|
||
$ kubectl describe <span class="hljs-_">-f</span> myapp.yaml
|
||
Name: myapp-pod
|
||
Namespace: default
|
||
[...]
|
||
Labels: app=myapp
|
||
Status: Pending
|
||
[...]
|
||
Init Containers:
|
||
init-myservice:
|
||
[...]
|
||
State: Running
|
||
[...]
|
||
init-mydb:
|
||
[...]
|
||
State: Waiting
|
||
Reason: PodInitializing
|
||
Ready: False
|
||
[...]
|
||
Containers:
|
||
myapp-container:
|
||
[...]
|
||
State: Waiting
|
||
Reason: PodInitializing
|
||
Ready: False
|
||
[...]
|
||
Events:
|
||
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubObjectPath Type Reason Message
|
||
--------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- ------ -------
|
||
16s 16s 1 {default-scheduler } Normal Scheduled Successfully assigned myapp-pod to 172.17.4.201
|
||
16s 16s 1 {kubelet 172.17.4.201} spec.initContainers{init-myservice} Normal Pulling pulling image <span class="hljs-string">"busybox"</span>
|
||
13s 13s 1 {kubelet 172.17.4.201} spec.initContainers{init-myservice} Normal Pulled Successfully pulled image <span class="hljs-string">"busybox"</span>
|
||
13s 13s 1 {kubelet 172.17.4.201} spec.initContainers{init-myservice} Normal Created Created container with docker id 5ced34a04634; Security:[seccomp=unconfined]
|
||
13s 13s 1 {kubelet 172.17.4.201} spec.initContainers{init-myservice} Normal Started Started container with docker id 5ced34a04634
|
||
$ kubectl logs myapp-pod -c init-myservice <span class="hljs-comment"># Inspect the first init container</span>
|
||
$ kubectl logs myapp-pod -c init-mydb <span class="hljs-comment"># Inspect the second init container</span>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>一旦我们启动了 <code>mydb</code> 和 <code>myservice</code> 这两个 Service，我们能够看到 Init 容器完成，并且 <code>myapp-pod</code> 被创建：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-Bash">$ kubectl create <span class="hljs-_">-f</span> services.yaml
|
||
service <span class="hljs-string">"myservice"</span> created
|
||
service <span class="hljs-string">"mydb"</span> created
|
||
$ kubectl get <span class="hljs-_">-f</span> myapp.yaml
|
||
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
|
||
myapp-pod 1/1 Running 0 9m
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>这个例子非常简单，但是应该能够为我们创建自己的 Init 容器提供一些启发。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="具体行为">具体行为</h2>
|
||
<p>在 Pod 启动过程中，Init 容器会按顺序在网络和数据卷初始化之后启动。 每个容器必须在下一个容器启动之前成功退出。 如果由于运行时或失败退出，导致容器启动失败，它会根据 Pod 的 <code>restartPolicy</code> 指定的策略进行重试。 然而，如果 Pod 的 <code>restartPolicy</code> 设置为 Always，Init 容器失败时会使用 <code>RestartPolicy</code> 策略。</p>
|
||
<p>在所有的 Init 容器没有成功之前，Pod 将不会变成 <code>Ready</code> 状态。 Init 容器的端口将不会在 Service 中进行聚集。 正在初始化中的 Pod 处于 <code>Pending</code> 状态，但应该会将条件 <code>Initializing</code> 设置为 true。</p>
|
||
<p>如果 Pod <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/init-containers/#pod-restart-reasons" target="_blank">重启</a>，所有 Init 容器必须重新执行。</p>
|
||
<p>对 Init 容器 spec 的修改，被限制在容器 image 字段中。 更改 Init 容器的 image 字段，等价于重启该 Pod。</p>
|
||
<p>因为 Init 容器可能会被重启、重试或者重新执行，所以 Init 容器的代码应该是幂等的。 特别地，被写到 <code>EmptyDirs</code> 中文件的代码，应该对输出文件可能已经存在做好准备。</p>
|
||
<p>Init 容器具有应用容器的所有字段。 除了 <code>readinessProbe</code>，因为 Init 容器无法定义不同于完成（completion）的就绪（readiness）的之外的其他状态。 这会在验证过程中强制执行。</p>
|
||
<p>在 Pod 上使用 <code>activeDeadlineSeconds</code>，在容器上使用 <code>livenessProbe</code>，这样能够避免 Init 容器一直失败。 这就为 Init 容器活跃设置了一个期限。</p>
|
||
<p>在 Pod 中的每个 app 和 Init 容器的名称必须唯一；与任何其它容器共享同一个名称，会在验证时抛出错误。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="资源">资源</h3>
|
||
<p>为 Init 容器指定顺序和执行逻辑，下面对资源使用的规则将被应用：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>在所有 Init 容器上定义的，任何特殊资源请求或限制的最大值，是 <em>有效初始请求/限制</em></li>
|
||
<li><p>Pod 对资源的有效请求/限制要高于：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>所有应用容器对某个资源的请求/限制之和</li>
|
||
<li>对某个资源的有效初始请求/限制</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><p>基于有效请求/限制完成调度，这意味着 Init 容器能够为初始化预留资源，这些资源在 Pod 生命周期过程中并没有被使用。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><p>Pod 的 <em>有效 QoS 层</em>，是 Init 容器和应用容器相同的 QoS 层。</p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>基于有效 Pod 请求和限制来应用配额和限制。 Pod 级别的 cgroups 是基于有效 Pod 请求和限制，和调度器相同。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="pod-重启的原因">Pod 重启的原因</h3>
|
||
<p>Pod 能够重启，会导致 Init 容器重新执行，主要有如下几个原因：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>用户更新 PodSpec 导致 Init 容器镜像发生改变。应用容器镜像的变更只会重启应用容器。</li>
|
||
<li>Pod 基础设施容器被重启。这不多见，但某些具有 root 权限可访问 Node 的人可能会这样做。</li>
|
||
<li>当 <code>restartPolicy</code> 设置为 Always，Pod 中所有容器会终止，强制重启，由于垃圾收集导致 Init 容器完成的记录丢失。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="支持与兼容性">支持与兼容性</h2>
|
||
<p>Apiserver 版本为 1.6 或更高版本的集群，通过使用 <code>spec.initContainers</code> 字段来支持 Init 容器。 之前的版本可以使用 alpha 和 beta 注解支持 Init 容器。 <code>spec.initContainers</code> 字段也被加入到 alpha 和 beta 注解中，所以 Kubernetes 1.3.0 版本或更高版本可以执行 Init 容器，并且 1.6 版本的 apiserver 能够安全的回退到 1.5.x 版本，而不会使存在的已创建 Pod 失去 Init 容器的功能。</p>
|
||
<p>原文地址：<a href="https://k8smeetup.github.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/init-containers/" target="_blank">https://k8smeetup.github.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/init-containers/</a></p>
|
||
<p>译者：<a href="https://github.com/shirdrn" target="_blank">shirdrn</a> </p>
|
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