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1. 前言
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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<a href="pod-overview.html">
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2.2.1 Pod
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.1.1" data-path="pod.html">
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<a href="pod.html">
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.1.2" data-path="init-containers.html">
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<a href="init-containers.html">
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.1.3" data-path="pod-security-policy.html">
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<a href="pod-security-policy.html">
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.1.4" data-path="pod-lifecycle.html">
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<a href="pod-lifecycle.html">
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.2" data-path="node.html">
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<a href="node.html">
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2.2.2 Node
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.3" data-path="namespace.html">
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<a href="namespace.html">
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2.2.3 Namespace
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.4" data-path="service.html">
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<a href="service.html">
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2.2.4 Service
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.5" data-path="volume.html">
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<a href="volume.html">
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter active" data-level="1.2.2.6" data-path="deployment.html">
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<a href="deployment.html">
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2.2.6 Deployment
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.7" data-path="secret.html">
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<a href="secret.html">
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2.2.7 Secret
|
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||
</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.8" data-path="statefulset.html">
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<a href="statefulset.html">
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.9" data-path="daemonset.html">
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<a href="daemonset.html">
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.10" data-path="serviceaccount.html">
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<a href="serviceaccount.html">
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.11" data-path="replicaset.html">
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<a href="replicaset.html">
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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||
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||
</a>
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||
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.12" data-path="job.html">
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<a href="job.html">
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2.2.12 Job
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||
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||
</a>
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||
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||
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.13" data-path="cronjob.html">
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<a href="cronjob.html">
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||
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2.2.13 CronJob
|
||
|
||
</a>
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||
|
||
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||
|
||
</li>
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|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.14" data-path="ingress.html">
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||
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||
<a href="ingress.html">
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||
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||
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2.2.14 Ingress
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||
|
||
</a>
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||
|
||
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||
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||
</li>
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||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.15" data-path="configmap.html">
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||
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<a href="configmap.html">
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||
|
||
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
|
||
|
||
</a>
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
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||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.16" data-path="horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
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||
|
||
<a href="horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
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||
|
||
|
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
|
||
|
||
</a>
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
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||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.17" data-path="label.html">
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||
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||
<a href="label.html">
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||
|
||
|
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2.2.17 Label
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.18" data-path="garbage-collection.html">
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<a href="garbage-collection.html">
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||
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||
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
|
||
|
||
</a>
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||
|
||
|
||
|
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</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.19" data-path="network-policy.html">
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||
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||
<a href="network-policy.html">
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||
|
||
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
|
||
|
||
</a>
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
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||
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||
</li>
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||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
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||
|
||
</li>
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||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3" data-path="../guide/">
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||
|
||
<a href="../guide/">
|
||
|
||
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||
3. 用户指南
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
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||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1" data-path="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
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||
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||
<a href="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
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||
|
||
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3.1 资源对象配置
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.1" data-path="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
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||
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||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.2" data-path="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
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||
|
||
<a href="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
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||
|
||
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||
3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.3" data-path="../guide/secret-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/secret-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.1.3 Secret配置
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.4" data-path="../guide/resource-quota-management.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/resource-quota-management.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.2.3 管理namespace中的资源配额
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2" data-path="../guide/command-usage.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/command-usage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.2 命令使用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.1" data-path="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.2.1 使用kubectl
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.2" data-path="../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.2.2 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3" data-path="../guide/cluster-security-management.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/cluster-security-management.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3 集群安全性管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.1" data-path="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.2" data-path="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.3" data-path="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.4" data-path="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.5" data-path="../guide/rbac.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/rbac.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.6" data-path="../guide/ip-masq-agent.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/ip-masq-agent.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.6 IP伪装代理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4" data-path="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.1" data-path="../guide/access-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/access-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.1 访问集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.2" data-path="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.3" data-path="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.4" data-path="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5" data-path="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.1" data-path="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.2" data-path="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="../practice/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4. 最佳实践
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1" data-path="../practice/install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.1" data-path="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.2" data-path="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.3" data-path="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.4" data-path="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.5" data-path="../practice/master-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/master-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.5 部署master节点
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.6" data-path="../practice/node-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/node-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.6 部署node节点
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.7" data-path="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.8" data-path="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.9" data-path="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.9 安装heapster插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.10" data-path="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.10 安装EFK插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2" data-path="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.1" data-path="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.2" data-path="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.2 分布式负载测试
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.3" data-path="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.4" data-path="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.4 边缘节点配置
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3" data-path="../practice/operation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/operation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3 运维管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.1" data-path="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.1 服务滚动升级
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.2" data-path="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.2 应用日志收集
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.3" data-path="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.3 配置最佳实践
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.4" data-path="../practice/monitor.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/monitor.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.4 集群及应用监控
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.5" data-path="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.6" data-path="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.6 数据持久化问题
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.7" data-path="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.8" data-path="../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.8 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.9" data-path="../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.9 使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4" data-path="../practice/storage.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/storage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4 存储管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1" data-path="../practice/glusterfs.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/glusterfs.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.1 GlusterFS
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1.2" data-path="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.2" data-path="../practice/cephfs.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/cephfs.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.2 CephFS
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.2.1" data-path="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="../usecases/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5. 领域应用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1" data-path="../usecases/microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1 微服务架构
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1" data-path="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1 微服务中的服务发现
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2 Service Mesh 服务网格
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1" data-path="../usecases/istio.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/istio.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1 Istio
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1.1" data-path="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1.1 安装istio
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1.2" data-path="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.2" data-path="../usecases/linkerd.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/linkerd.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.2 Linkerd
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.2.1" data-path="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3" data-path="../usecases/big-data.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/big-data.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2 大数据
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.1" data-path="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.2" data-path="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4" data-path="../usecases/serverless.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/serverless.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.3 Serverless架构
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="../develop/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6. 开发指南
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.1" data-path="../develop/developing-environment.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/developing-environment.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.1 开发环境搭建
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2" data-path="../develop/testing.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/testing.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.2 单元测试和集成测试
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3" data-path="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.3 client-go示例
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.4" data-path="../develop/contribute.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/contribute.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.4 社区贡献
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="../appendix/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7. 附录
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.1" data-path="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.1 Docker最佳实践
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.2" data-path="../appendix/issues.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/issues.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.2 问题记录
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.3" data-path="../appendix/tricks.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/tricks.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.3 使用技巧
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.4" data-path="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.4 kubernetes service中的故障排查
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="divider"></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.gitbook.com" target="blank" class="gitbook-link">
|
||
本书使用 GitBook 发布
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="book-body">
|
||
|
||
<div class="body-inner">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="book-header" role="navigation">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Title -->
|
||
<h1>
|
||
<i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i>
|
||
<a href=".." >2.2.6 Deployment</a>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="page-wrapper" tabindex="-1" role="main">
|
||
<div class="page-inner">
|
||
|
||
<div class="search-plus" id="book-search-results">
|
||
<div class="search-noresults">
|
||
|
||
<section class="normal markdown-section">
|
||
|
||
<h1 id="deployment">Deployment</h1>
|
||
<p>[TOC]</p>
|
||
<h2 id="简述">简述</h2>
|
||
<p>Deployment 为 Pod 和 ReplicaSet 提供了一个声明式定义(declarative)方法，用来替代以前的ReplicationController 来方便的管理应用。典型的应用场景包括：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>定义Deployment来创建Pod和ReplicaSet</li>
|
||
<li>滚动升级和回滚应用</li>
|
||
<li>扩容和缩容</li>
|
||
<li>暂停和继续Deployment</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>比如一个简单的nginx应用可以定义为</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> extensions/v1beta1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Deployment
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> nginx-deployment
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> replicas:</span> <span class="hljs-number">3</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> template:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> labels:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> app:</span> nginx
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> nginx
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> nginx:<span class="hljs-number">1.7</span><span class="hljs-number">.9</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> ports:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - containerPort:</span> <span class="hljs-number">80</span>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>扩容：</p>
|
||
<pre><code>kubectl scale deployment nginx-deployment --replicas 10
|
||
</code></pre><p>如果集群支持 horizontal pod autoscaling 的话，还可以为Deployment设置自动扩展：</p>
|
||
<pre><code>kubectl autoscale deployment nginx-deployment --min=10 --max=15 --cpu-percent=80
|
||
</code></pre><p>更新镜像也比较简单:</p>
|
||
<pre><code>kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.9.1
|
||
</code></pre><p>回滚：</p>
|
||
<pre><code>kubectl rollout undo deployment/nginx-deployment
|
||
</code></pre><h2 id="deployment-结构示意图">Deployment 结构示意图</h2>
|
||
<p>参考：<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/api-reference/v1.6/#deploymentspec-v1beta1-apps" target="_blank">https://kubernetes.io/docs/api-reference/v1.6/#deploymentspec-v1beta1-apps</a></p>
|
||
<figure id="fig1.2.2.6.1"><img src="../images/deployment-cheatsheet.png" alt="kubernetes deployment cheatsheet"><figcaption>图片 - kubernetes deployment cheatsheet</figcaption></figure>
|
||
<h2 id="deployment-概念详细解析">Deployment 概念详细解析</h2>
|
||
<p>本文翻译自kubernetes官方文档：<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md" target="_blank">https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md</a></p>
|
||
<p>根据2017年5月10日的Commit 8481c02 翻译。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="deployment-是什么？">Deployment 是什么？</h2>
|
||
<p>Deployment为Pod和Replica Set（下一代Replication Controller）提供声明式更新。</p>
|
||
<p>您只需要在 Deployment 中描述您想要的目标状态是什么，Deployment controller 就会帮您将 Pod 和ReplicaSet 的实际状态改变到您的目标状态。您可以定义一个全新的 Deployment 来创建 ReplicaSet 或者删除已有的 Deployment 并创建一个新的来替换。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>注意</strong>：您不该手动管理由 Deployment 创建的 ReplicaSet，否则您就篡越了 Deployment controller 的职责！下文罗列了 Deployment 对象中已经覆盖了所有的用例。如果未有覆盖您所有需要的用例，请直接在 Kubernetes 的代码库中提 issue。</p>
|
||
<p>典型的用例如下：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>使用Deployment来创建ReplicaSet。ReplicaSet在后台创建pod。检查启动状态，看它是成功还是失败。</li>
|
||
<li>然后，通过更新Deployment的PodTemplateSpec字段来声明Pod的新状态。这会创建一个新的ReplicaSet，Deployment会按照控制的速率将pod从旧的ReplicaSet移动到新的ReplicaSet中。</li>
|
||
<li>如果当前状态不稳定，回滚到之前的Deployment revision。每次回滚都会更新Deployment的revision。</li>
|
||
<li>扩容Deployment以满足更高的负载。</li>
|
||
<li>暂停Deployment来应用PodTemplateSpec的多个修复，然后恢复上线。</li>
|
||
<li>根据Deployment 的状态判断上线是否hang住了。</li>
|
||
<li>清除旧的不必要的 ReplicaSet。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="创建-deployment">创建 Deployment</h2>
|
||
<p>下面是一个 Deployment 示例，它创建了一个 ReplicaSet 来启动3个 nginx pod。</p>
|
||
<p>下载示例文件并执行命令：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl create -f https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/nginx-deployment.yaml --record
|
||
deployment "nginx-deployment" created
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>将kubectl的 <code>--record</code> 的 flag 设置为 <code>true</code>可以在 annotation 中记录当前命令创建或者升级了该资源。这在未来会很有用，例如，查看在每个 Deployment revision 中执行了哪些命令。</p>
|
||
<p>然后立即执行 <code>get</code> 将获得如下结果：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl get deployments
|
||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
|
||
nginx-deployment 3 0 0 0 1s
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>输出结果表明我们希望的repalica数是3（根据deployment中的<code>.spec.replicas</code>配置）当前replica数（ <code>.status.replicas</code>）是0, 最新的replica数（<code>.status.updatedReplicas</code>）是0，可用的replica数（<code>.status.availableReplicas</code>）是0。</p>
|
||
<p>过几秒后再执行<code>get</code>命令，将获得如下输出：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl get deployments
|
||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
|
||
nginx-deployment 3 3 3 3 18s
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>我们可以看到Deployment已经创建了3个 replica，所有的 replica 都已经是最新的了（包含最新的pod template），可用的（根据Deployment中的<code>.spec.minReadySeconds</code>声明，处于已就绪状态的pod的最少个数）。执行<code>kubectl get rs</code>和<code>kubectl get pods</code>会显示Replica Set（RS）和Pod已创建。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl get rs
|
||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
|
||
nginx-deployment-2035384211 3 3 0 18s
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>您可能会注意到 ReplicaSet 的名字总是<code><Deployment的名字>-<pod template的hash值></code>。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl get pods --show-labels
|
||
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS
|
||
nginx-deployment-2035384211-7ci7o 1/1 Running 0 18s app=nginx,pod-template-hash=2035384211
|
||
nginx-deployment-2035384211-kzszj 1/1 Running 0 18s app=nginx,pod-template-hash=2035384211
|
||
nginx-deployment-2035384211-qqcnn 1/1 Running 0 18s app=nginx,pod-template-hash=2035384211
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>刚创建的Replica Set将保证总是有3个 nginx 的 pod 存在。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>注意：</strong> 您必须在 Deployment 中的 selector 指定正确的 pod template label（在该示例中是 <code>app = nginx</code>），不要跟其他的 controller 的 selector 中指定的 pod template label 搞混了（包括 Deployment、Replica Set、Replication Controller 等）。<strong>Kubernetes 本身并不会阻止您任意指定 pod template label </strong>，但是如果您真的这么做了，这些 controller 之间会相互打架，并可能导致不正确的行为。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="pod-template-hash-label">Pod-template-hash label</h3>
|
||
<p><strong>注意</strong>：这个 label 不是用户指定的！</p>
|
||
<p>注意上面示例输出中的 pod label 里的 pod-template-hash label。当 Deployment 创建或者接管 ReplicaSet 时，Deployment controller 会自动为 Pod 添加 pod-template-hash label。这样做的目的是防止 Deployment 的子ReplicaSet 的 pod 名字重复。通过将 ReplicaSet 的 PodTemplate 进行哈希散列，使用生成的哈希值作为 label 的值，并添加到 ReplicaSet selector 里、 pod template label 和 ReplicaSet 管理中的 Pod 上。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="更新deployment">更新Deployment</h2>
|
||
<p><strong>注意：</strong> Deployment 的 rollout 当且仅当 Deployment 的 pod template（例如<code>.spec.template</code>）中的label更新或者镜像更改时被触发。其他更新，例如扩容Deployment不会触发 rollout。</p>
|
||
<p>假如我们现在想要让 nginx pod 使用<code>nginx:1.9.1</code>的镜像来代替原来的<code>nginx:1.7.9</code>的镜像。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.9.1
|
||
deployment "nginx-deployment" image updated
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>我们可以使用<code>edit</code>命令来编辑 Deployment，修改 <code>.spec.template.spec.containers[0].image</code> ，将<code>nginx:1.7.9</code> 改写成 <code>nginx:1.9.1</code>。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl edit deployment/nginx-deployment
|
||
deployment "nginx-deployment" edited
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>查看 rollout 的状态，只要执行：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl rollout status deployment/nginx-deployment
|
||
Waiting for rollout to finish: 2 out of 3 new replicas have been updated...
|
||
deployment "nginx-deployment" successfully rolled out
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Rollout 成功后，<code>get</code> Deployment：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl get deployments
|
||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
|
||
nginx-deployment 3 3 3 3 36s
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>UP-TO-DATE 的 replica 的数目已经达到了配置中要求的数目。</p>
|
||
<p>CURRENT 的 replica 数表示 Deployment 管理的 replica 数量，AVAILABLE 的 replica 数是当前可用的replica数量。</p>
|
||
<p>我们通过执行<code>kubectl get rs</code>可以看到 Deployment 更新了Pod，通过创建一个新的 ReplicaSet 并扩容了3个 replica，同时将原来的 ReplicaSet 缩容到了0个 replica。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl get rs
|
||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
|
||
nginx-deployment-1564180365 3 3 0 6s
|
||
nginx-deployment-2035384211 0 0 0 36s
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>执行 <code>get pods</code>只会看到当前的新的 pod:</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl get pods
|
||
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
|
||
nginx-deployment-1564180365-khku8 1/1 Running 0 14s
|
||
nginx-deployment-1564180365-nacti 1/1 Running 0 14s
|
||
nginx-deployment-1564180365-z9gth 1/1 Running 0 14s
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>下次更新这些 pod 的时候，只需要更新 Deployment 中的 pod 的 template 即可。</p>
|
||
<p>Deployment 可以保证在升级时只有一定数量的 Pod 是 down 的。默认的，它会确保至少有比期望的Pod数量少一个是up状态（最多一个不可用）。</p>
|
||
<p>Deployment 同时也可以确保只创建出超过期望数量的一定数量的 Pod。默认的，它会确保最多比期望的Pod数量多一个的 Pod 是 up 的（最多1个 surge ）。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>在未来的 Kuberentes 版本中，将从1-1变成25%-25%。</strong></p>
|
||
<p>例如，如果您自己看下上面的 Deployment，您会发现，开始创建一个新的 Pod，然后删除一些旧的 Pod 再创建一个新的。当新的Pod创建出来之前不会杀掉旧的Pod。这样能够确保可用的 Pod 数量至少有2个，Pod的总数最多4个。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl describe deployments
|
||
Name: nginx-deployment
|
||
Namespace: default
|
||
CreationTimestamp: Tue, 15 Mar 2016 12:01:06 -0700
|
||
Labels: app=nginx
|
||
Selector: app=nginx
|
||
Replicas: 3 updated | 3 total | 3 available | 0 unavailable
|
||
StrategyType: RollingUpdate
|
||
MinReadySeconds: 0
|
||
RollingUpdateStrategy: 1 max unavailable, 1 max surge
|
||
OldReplicaSets: <none>
|
||
NewReplicaSet: nginx-deployment-1564180365 (3/3 replicas created)
|
||
Events:
|
||
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubobjectPath Type Reason Message
|
||
--------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- ------ -------
|
||
36s 36s 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-2035384211 to 3
|
||
23s 23s 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-1564180365 to 1
|
||
23s 23s 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-2035384211 to 2
|
||
23s 23s 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-1564180365 to 2
|
||
21s 21s 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-2035384211 to 0
|
||
21s 21s 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-1564180365 to 3
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>我们可以看到当我们刚开始创建这个 Deployment 的时候，创建了一个 ReplicaSet（nginx-deployment-2035384211），并直接扩容到了3个 replica。</p>
|
||
<p>当我们更新这个 Deployment 的时候，它会创建一个新的 ReplicaSet（nginx-deployment-1564180365），将它扩容到1个replica，然后缩容原先的 ReplicaSet 到2个 replica，此时满足至少2个 Pod 是可用状态，同一时刻最多有4个 Pod 处于创建的状态。</p>
|
||
<p>接着继续使用相同的 rolling update 策略扩容新的 ReplicaSet 和缩容旧的 ReplicaSet。最终，将会在新的 ReplicaSet 中有3个可用的 replica，旧的 ReplicaSet 的 replica 数目变成0。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="rollover（多个rollout并行）">Rollover（多个rollout并行）</h3>
|
||
<p>每当 Deployment controller 观测到有新的 deployment 被创建时，如果没有已存在的 ReplicaSet 来创建期望个数的 Pod 的话，就会创建出一个新的 ReplicaSet 来做这件事。已存在的 ReplicaSet 控制 label 与<code>.spec.selector</code>匹配但是 template 跟<code>.spec.template</code>不匹配的 Pod 缩容。最终，新的 ReplicaSet 将会扩容出<code>.spec.replicas</code>指定数目的 Pod，旧的 ReplicaSet 会缩容到0。</p>
|
||
<p>如果您更新了一个的已存在并正在进行中的 Deployment，每次更新 Deployment都会创建一个新的 ReplicaSet并扩容它，同时回滚之前扩容的 ReplicaSet ——将它添加到旧的 ReplicaSet 列表中，开始缩容。</p>
|
||
<p>例如，假如您创建了一个有5个<code>niginx:1.7.9</code> replica的 Deployment，但是当还只有3个<code>nginx:1.7.9</code>的 replica 创建出来的时候您就开始更新含有5个<code>nginx:1.9.1</code> replica 的 Deployment。在这种情况下，Deployment 会立即杀掉已创建的3个<code>nginx:1.7.9</code>的 Pod，并开始创建<code>nginx:1.9.1</code>的 Pod。它不会等到所有的5个<code>nginx:1.7.9</code>的 Pod 都创建完成后才开始改变航道。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="label-selector-更新">Label selector 更新</h3>
|
||
<p>我们通常不鼓励更新 label selector，我们建议实现规划好您的 selector。</p>
|
||
<p>任何情况下，只要您想要执行 label selector 的更新，请一定要谨慎并确认您已经预料到所有可能因此导致的后果。</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>增添 selector 需要同时在 Deployment 的 spec 中更新新的 label，否则将返回校验错误。此更改是不可覆盖的，这意味着新的 selector 不会选择使用旧 selector 创建的 ReplicaSet 和 Pod，从而导致所有旧版本的 ReplicaSet 都被丢弃，并创建新的 ReplicaSet。</li>
|
||
<li>更新 selector，即更改 selector key 的当前值，将导致跟增添 selector 同样的后果。</li>
|
||
<li>删除 selector，即删除 Deployment selector 中的已有的 key，不需要对 Pod template label 做任何更改，现有的 ReplicaSet 也不会成为孤儿，但是请注意，删除的 label 仍然存在于现有的 Pod 和 ReplicaSet 中。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="回退deployment">回退Deployment</h2>
|
||
<p>有时候您可能想回退一个 Deployment，例如，当 Deployment 不稳定时，比如一直 crash looping。</p>
|
||
<p>默认情况下，kubernetes 会在系统中保存前两次的 Deployment 的 rollout 历史记录，以便您可以随时回退（您可以修改<code>revision history limit</code>来更改保存的revision数）。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>注意：</strong> 只要 Deployment 的 rollout 被触发就会创建一个 revision。也就是说当且仅当 Deployment 的 Pod template（如<code>.spec.template</code>）被更改，例如更新template 中的 label 和容器镜像时，就会创建出一个新的 revision。</p>
|
||
<p>其他的更新，比如扩容 Deployment 不会创建 revision——因此我们可以很方便的手动或者自动扩容。这意味着当您回退到历史 revision 是，直有 Deployment 中的 Pod template 部分才会回退。</p>
|
||
<p>假设我们在更新 Deployment 的时候犯了一个拼写错误，将镜像的名字写成了<code>nginx:1.91</code>，而正确的名字应该是<code>nginx:1.9.1</code>：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.91
|
||
deployment "nginx-deployment" image updated
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Rollout 将会卡住。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl rollout status deployments nginx-deployment
|
||
Waiting for rollout to finish: 2 out of 3 new replicas have been updated...
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>按住 Ctrl-C 停止上面的 rollout 状态监控。</p>
|
||
<p>您会看到旧的 replica（nginx-deployment-1564180365 和 nginx-deployment-2035384211）和新的 replica （nginx-deployment-3066724191）数目都是2个。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl get rs
|
||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
|
||
nginx-deployment-1564180365 2 2 0 25s
|
||
nginx-deployment-2035384211 0 0 0 36s
|
||
nginx-deployment-3066724191 2 2 2 6s
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>看下创建 Pod，您会看到有两个新的 ReplicaSet 创建的 Pod 处于 ImagePullBackOff 状态，循环拉取镜像。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl get pods
|
||
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
|
||
nginx-deployment-1564180365-70iae 1/1 Running 0 25s
|
||
nginx-deployment-1564180365-jbqqo 1/1 Running 0 25s
|
||
nginx-deployment-3066724191-08mng 0/1 ImagePullBackOff 0 6s
|
||
nginx-deployment-3066724191-eocby 0/1 ImagePullBackOff 0 6s
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>注意，Deployment controller会自动停止坏的 rollout，并停止扩容新的 ReplicaSet。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl describe deployment
|
||
Name: nginx-deployment
|
||
Namespace: default
|
||
CreationTimestamp: Tue, 15 Mar 2016 14:48:04 -0700
|
||
Labels: app=nginx
|
||
Selector: app=nginx
|
||
Replicas: 2 updated | 3 total | 2 available | 2 unavailable
|
||
StrategyType: RollingUpdate
|
||
MinReadySeconds: 0
|
||
RollingUpdateStrategy: 1 max unavailable, 1 max surge
|
||
OldReplicaSets: nginx-deployment-1564180365 (2/2 replicas created)
|
||
NewReplicaSet: nginx-deployment-3066724191 (2/2 replicas created)
|
||
Events:
|
||
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubobjectPath Type Reason Message
|
||
--------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- ------ -------
|
||
1m 1m 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-2035384211 to 3
|
||
22s 22s 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-1564180365 to 1
|
||
22s 22s 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-2035384211 to 2
|
||
22s 22s 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-1564180365 to 2
|
||
21s 21s 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-2035384211 to 0
|
||
21s 21s 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-1564180365 to 3
|
||
13s 13s 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-3066724191 to 1
|
||
13s 13s 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-1564180365 to 2
|
||
13s 13s 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-3066724191 to 2
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>为了修复这个问题，我们需要回退到稳定的 Deployment revision。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="检查-deployment-升级的历史记录">检查 Deployment 升级的历史记录</h3>
|
||
<p>首先，检查下 Deployment 的 revision：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deployment
|
||
deployments "nginx-deployment":
|
||
REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE
|
||
1 kubectl create -f https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/nginx-deployment.yaml--record
|
||
2 kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.9.1
|
||
3 kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.91
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>因为我们创建 Deployment 的时候使用了<code>--recored</code>参数可以记录命令，我们可以很方便的查看每次 revision 的变化。</p>
|
||
<p>查看单个revision 的详细信息：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deployment --revision=2
|
||
deployments "nginx-deployment" revision 2
|
||
Labels: app=nginx
|
||
pod-template-hash=1159050644
|
||
Annotations: kubernetes.io/change-cause=kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.9.1
|
||
Containers:
|
||
nginx:
|
||
Image: nginx:1.9.1
|
||
Port: 80/TCP
|
||
QoS Tier:
|
||
cpu: BestEffort
|
||
memory: BestEffort
|
||
Environment Variables: <none>
|
||
No volumes.
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="回退到历史版本">回退到历史版本</h3>
|
||
<p>现在，我们可以决定回退当前的 rollout 到之前的版本：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl rollout undo deployment/nginx-deployment
|
||
deployment "nginx-deployment" rolled back
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>也可以使用 <code>--revision</code>参数指定某个历史版本：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl rollout undo deployment/nginx-deployment --to-revision=2
|
||
deployment "nginx-deployment" rolled back
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>与 rollout 相关的命令详细文档见<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/kubectl/v1.6/#rollout" target="_blank">kubectl rollout</a>。</p>
|
||
<p>该 Deployment 现在已经回退到了先前的稳定版本。如您所见，Deployment controller产生了一个回退到revison 2的<code>DeploymentRollback</code>的 event。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl get deployment
|
||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
|
||
nginx-deployment 3 3 3 3 30m
|
||
|
||
$ kubectl describe deployment
|
||
Name: nginx-deployment
|
||
Namespace: default
|
||
CreationTimestamp: Tue, 15 Mar 2016 14:48:04 -0700
|
||
Labels: app=nginx
|
||
Selector: app=nginx
|
||
Replicas: 3 updated | 3 total | 3 available | 0 unavailable
|
||
StrategyType: RollingUpdate
|
||
MinReadySeconds: 0
|
||
RollingUpdateStrategy: 1 max unavailable, 1 max surge
|
||
OldReplicaSets: <none>
|
||
NewReplicaSet: nginx-deployment-1564180365 (3/3 replicas created)
|
||
Events:
|
||
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubobjectPath Type Reason Message
|
||
--------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- ------ -------
|
||
30m 30m 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-2035384211 to 3
|
||
29m 29m 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-1564180365 to 1
|
||
29m 29m 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-2035384211 to 2
|
||
29m 29m 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-1564180365 to 2
|
||
29m 29m 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-2035384211 to 0
|
||
29m 29m 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-3066724191 to 2
|
||
29m 29m 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-3066724191 to 1
|
||
29m 29m 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-1564180365 to 2
|
||
2m 2m 1 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-3066724191 to 0
|
||
2m 2m 1 {deployment-controller } Normal DeploymentRollback Rolled back deployment "nginx-deployment" to revision 2
|
||
29m 2m 2 {deployment-controller } Normal ScalingReplicaSet Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-1564180365 to 3
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="清理-policy">清理 Policy</h3>
|
||
<p>您可以通过设置<code>.spec.revisonHistoryLimit</code>项来指定 deployment 最多保留多少 revision 历史记录。默认的会保留所有的 revision；如果将该项设置为0，Deployment就不允许回退了。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="deployment-扩容">Deployment 扩容</h2>
|
||
<p>您可以使用以下命令扩容 Deployment：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl scale deployment nginx-deployment --replicas 10
|
||
deployment "nginx-deployment" scaled
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>假设您的集群中启用了<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/run-application/horizontal-pod-autoscale-walkthrough" target="_blank">horizontal pod autoscaling</a>，您可以给 Deployment 设置一个 autoscaler，基于当前 Pod的 CPU 利用率选择最少和最多的 Pod 数。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl autoscale deployment nginx-deployment --min=10 --max=15 --cpu-percent=80
|
||
deployment "nginx-deployment" autoscaled
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="比例扩容">比例扩容</h3>
|
||
<p>RollingUpdate Deployment 支持同时运行一个应用的多个版本。或者 autoscaler 扩 容 RollingUpdate Deployment 的时候，正在中途的 rollout（进行中或者已经暂停的），为了降低风险，Deployment controller 将会平衡已存在的活动中的 ReplicaSet（有 Pod 的 ReplicaSet）和新加入的 replica。这被称为比例扩容。</p>
|
||
<p>例如，您正在运行中含有10个 replica 的 Deployment。maxSurge=3，maxUnavailable=2。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl get deploy
|
||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
|
||
nginx-deployment 10 10 10 10 50s
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>您更新了一个镜像，而在集群内部无法解析。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl set image deploy/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:sometag
|
||
deployment "nginx-deployment" image updated
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>镜像更新启动了一个包含ReplicaSet nginx-deployment-1989198191的新的rollout，但是它被阻塞了，因为我们上面提到的maxUnavailable。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl get rs
|
||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
|
||
nginx-deployment-1989198191 5 5 0 9s
|
||
nginx-deployment-618515232 8 8 8 1m
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>然后发起了一个新的Deployment扩容请求。autoscaler将Deployment的repllica数目增加到了15个。Deployment controller需要判断在哪里增加这5个新的replica。如果我们没有谁用比例扩容，所有的5个replica都会加到一个新的ReplicaSet中。如果使用比例扩容，新添加的replica将传播到所有的ReplicaSet中。大的部分加入replica数最多的ReplicaSet中，小的部分加入到replica数少的ReplciaSet中。0个replica的ReplicaSet不会被扩容。</p>
|
||
<p>在我们上面的例子中，3个replica将添加到旧的ReplicaSet中，2个replica将添加到新的ReplicaSet中。rollout进程最终会将所有的replica移动到新的ReplicaSet中，假设新的replica成为健康状态。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl get deploy
|
||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
|
||
nginx-deployment 15 18 7 8 7m
|
||
$ kubectl get rs
|
||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
|
||
nginx-deployment-1989198191 7 7 0 7m
|
||
nginx-deployment-618515232 11 11 11 7m
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h2 id="暂停和恢复deployment">暂停和恢复Deployment</h2>
|
||
<p>您可以在发出一次或多次更新前暂停一个 Deployment，然后再恢复它。这样您就能多次暂停和恢复 Deployment，在此期间进行一些修复工作，而不会发出不必要的 rollout。</p>
|
||
<p>例如使用刚刚创建 Deployment：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl get deploy
|
||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
|
||
nginx 3 3 3 3 1m
|
||
[mkargaki@dhcp129-211 kubernetes]$ kubectl get rs
|
||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
|
||
nginx-2142116321 3 3 3 1m
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>使用以下命令暂停 Deployment：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl rollout pause deployment/nginx-deployment
|
||
deployment "nginx-deployment" paused
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>然后更新 Deplyment中的镜像：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl set image deploy/nginx nginx=nginx:1.9.1
|
||
deployment "nginx-deployment" image updated
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>注意新的 rollout 启动了：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl rollout history deploy/nginx
|
||
deployments "nginx"
|
||
REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE
|
||
1 <none>
|
||
|
||
$ kubectl get rs
|
||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
|
||
nginx-2142116321 3 3 3 2m
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>您可以进行任意多次更新，例如更新使用的资源：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl set resources deployment nginx -c=nginx --limits=cpu=200m,memory=512Mi
|
||
deployment "nginx" resource requirements updated
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Deployment 暂停前的初始状态将继续它的功能，而不会对 Deployment 的更新产生任何影响，只要 Deployment是暂停的。</p>
|
||
<p>最后，恢复这个 Deployment，观察完成更新的 ReplicaSet 已经创建出来了：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ kubectl rollout resume deploy nginx
|
||
deployment "nginx" resumed
|
||
$ KUBECTL get rs -w
|
||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
|
||
nginx-2142116321 2 2 2 2m
|
||
nginx-3926361531 2 2 0 6s
|
||
nginx-3926361531 2 2 1 18s
|
||
nginx-2142116321 1 2 2 2m
|
||
nginx-2142116321 1 2 2 2m
|
||
nginx-3926361531 3 2 1 18s
|
||
nginx-3926361531 3 2 1 18s
|
||
nginx-2142116321 1 1 1 2m
|
||
nginx-3926361531 3 3 1 18s
|
||
nginx-3926361531 3 3 2 19s
|
||
nginx-2142116321 0 1 1 2m
|
||
nginx-2142116321 0 1 1 2m
|
||
nginx-2142116321 0 0 0 2m
|
||
nginx-3926361531 3 3 3 20s
|
||
^C
|
||
$ KUBECTL get rs
|
||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
|
||
nginx-2142116321 0 0 0 2m
|
||
nginx-3926361531 3 3 3 28s
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p><strong>注意：</strong> 在恢复 Deployment 之前您无法回退一个已经暂停的 Deployment。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="deployment-状态">Deployment 状态</h2>
|
||
<p>Deployment 在生命周期中有多种状态。在创建一个新的 ReplicaSet 的时候它可以是 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md#progressing-deployment" target="_blank">progressing</a> 状态， <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md#complete-deployment" target="_blank">complete</a> 状态，或者 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md#failed-deployment" target="_blank">fail to progress </a>状态。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="进行中的-deployment">进行中的 Deployment</h3>
|
||
<p>Kubernetes 将执行过下列任务之一的 Deployment 标记为 <em>progressing</em> 状态：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Deployment 正在创建新的ReplicaSet过程中。</li>
|
||
<li>Deployment 正在扩容一个已有的 ReplicaSet。</li>
|
||
<li>Deployment 正在缩容一个已有的 ReplicaSet。</li>
|
||
<li>有新的可用的 pod 出现。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>您可以使用<code>kubectl rollout status</code>命令监控 Deployment 的进度。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="完成的-deployment">完成的 Deployment</h3>
|
||
<p>Kubernetes 将包括以下特性的 Deployment 标记为 <em>complete</em> 状态：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Deployment 最小可用。最小可用意味着 Deployment 的可用 replica 个数等于或者超过 Deployment 策略中的期望个数。</li>
|
||
<li>所有与该 Deployment 相关的replica都被更新到了您指定版本，也就说更新完成。</li>
|
||
<li>该 Deployment 中没有旧的 Pod 存在。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>您可以用<code>kubectl rollout status</code>命令查看 Deployment 是否完成。如果 rollout 成功完成，<code>kubectl rollout status</code>将返回一个0值的 Exit Code。</p>
|
||
<pre><code>$ kubectl rollout status deploy/nginx
|
||
Waiting for rollout to finish: 2 of 3 updated replicas are available...
|
||
deployment "nginx" successfully rolled out
|
||
$ echo $?
|
||
0
|
||
</code></pre><h3 id="失败的-deployment">失败的 Deployment</h3>
|
||
<p>您的 Deployment 在尝试部署新的 ReplicaSet 的时候可能卡住，用于也不会完成。这可能是因为以下几个因素引起的：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>无效的引用</li>
|
||
<li>不可读的 probe failure</li>
|
||
<li>镜像拉取错误</li>
|
||
<li>权限不够</li>
|
||
<li>范围限制</li>
|
||
<li>程序运行时配置错误</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>探测这种情况的一种方式是，在您的 Deployment spec 中指定<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md#progress-deadline-seconds" target="_blank"><code>spec.progressDeadlineSeconds</code></a>。<code>spec.progressDeadlineSeconds</code> 表示 Deployment controller 等待多少秒才能确定（通过 Deployment status）Deployment进程是卡住的。</p>
|
||
<p>下面的<code>kubectl</code>命令设置<code>progressDeadlineSeconds</code> 使 controller 在 Deployment 在进度卡住10分钟后报告：</p>
|
||
<pre><code>$ kubectl patch deployment/nginx-deployment -p '{"spec":{"progressDeadlineSeconds":600}}'
|
||
"nginx-deployment" patched
|
||
</code></pre><p>当超过截止时间后，Deployment controller 会在 Deployment 的 <code>status.conditions</code>中增加一条DeploymentCondition，它包括如下属性：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Type=Progressing</li>
|
||
<li>Status=False</li>
|
||
<li>Reason=ProgressDeadlineExceeded</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>浏览 <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/api-conventions.md#typical-status-properties" target="_blank">Kubernetes API conventions</a> 查看关于status conditions的更多信息。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>注意：</strong> kubernetes除了报告<code>Reason=ProgressDeadlineExceeded</code>状态信息外不会对卡住的 Deployment 做任何操作。更高层次的协调器可以利用它并采取相应行动，例如，回滚 Deployment 到之前的版本。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>注意：</strong> 如果您暂停了一个 Deployment，在暂停的这段时间内kubernetnes不会检查您指定的 deadline。您可以在 Deployment 的 rollout 途中安全的暂停它，然后再恢复它，这不会触发超过deadline的状态。</p>
|
||
<p>您可能在使用 Deployment 的时候遇到一些短暂的错误，这些可能是由于您设置了太短的 timeout，也有可能是因为各种其他错误导致的短暂错误。例如，假设您使用了无效的引用。当您 Describe Deployment 的时候可能会注意到如下信息：</p>
|
||
<pre><code>$ kubectl describe deployment nginx-deployment
|
||
<...>
|
||
Conditions:
|
||
Type Status Reason
|
||
---- ------ ------
|
||
Available True MinimumReplicasAvailable
|
||
Progressing True ReplicaSetUpdated
|
||
ReplicaFailure True FailedCreate
|
||
<...>
|
||
</code></pre><p>执行 <code>kubectl get deployment nginx-deployment -o yaml</code>，Deployement 的状态可能看起来像这个样子：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">status:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> availableReplicas:</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> conditions:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - lastTransitionTime:</span> <span class="hljs-number">2016</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-10</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-04</span>T12:<span class="hljs-number">25</span>:<span class="hljs-number">39</span>Z
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> lastUpdateTime:</span> <span class="hljs-number">2016</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-10</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-04</span>T12:<span class="hljs-number">25</span>:<span class="hljs-number">39</span>Z
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> message:</span> Replica set <span class="hljs-string">"nginx-deployment-4262182780"</span> is progressing.
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> reason:</span> ReplicaSetUpdated
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> status:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"True"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> type:</span> Progressing
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - lastTransitionTime:</span> <span class="hljs-number">2016</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-10</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-04</span>T12:<span class="hljs-number">25</span>:<span class="hljs-number">42</span>Z
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> lastUpdateTime:</span> <span class="hljs-number">2016</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-10</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-04</span>T12:<span class="hljs-number">25</span>:<span class="hljs-number">42</span>Z
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> message:</span> Deployment has minimum availability.
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> reason:</span> MinimumReplicasAvailable
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> status:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"True"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> type:</span> Available
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - lastTransitionTime:</span> <span class="hljs-number">2016</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-10</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-04</span>T12:<span class="hljs-number">25</span>:<span class="hljs-number">39</span>Z
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> lastUpdateTime:</span> <span class="hljs-number">2016</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-10</span><span class="hljs-bullet">-04</span>T12:<span class="hljs-number">25</span>:<span class="hljs-number">39</span>Z
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> message:</span> <span class="hljs-string">'Error creating: pods "nginx-deployment-4262182780-" is forbidden: exceeded quota:
|
||
object-counts, requested: pods=1, used: pods=3, limited: pods=2'</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> reason:</span> FailedCreate
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> status:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"True"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> type:</span> ReplicaFailure
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> observedGeneration:</span> <span class="hljs-number">3</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> replicas:</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> unavailableReplicas:</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>最终，一旦超过 Deployment 进程的 deadline，kuberentes 会更新状态和导致 Progressing 状态的原因：</p>
|
||
<pre><code>Conditions:
|
||
Type Status Reason
|
||
---- ------ ------
|
||
Available True MinimumReplicasAvailable
|
||
Progressing False ProgressDeadlineExceeded
|
||
ReplicaFailure True FailedCreate
|
||
</code></pre><p>您可以通过缩容 Deployment的方式解决配额不足的问题，或者增加您的 namespace 的配额。如果您满足了配额条件后，Deployment controller 就会完成您的 Deployment rollout，您将看到 Deployment 的状态更新为成功状态（<code>Status=True</code>并且<code>Reason=NewReplicaSetAvailable</code>）。</p>
|
||
<pre><code>Conditions:
|
||
Type Status Reason
|
||
---- ------ ------
|
||
Available True MinimumReplicasAvailable
|
||
Progressing True NewReplicaSetAvailable
|
||
</code></pre><p><code>Type=Available</code>、 <code>Status=True</code> 以为这您的Deployment有最小可用性。 最小可用性是在Deployment策略中指定的参数。<code>Type=Progressing</code> 、 <code>Status=True</code>意味着您的Deployment 或者在部署过程中，或者已经成功部署，达到了期望的最少的可用replica数量（查看特定状态的Reason——在我们的例子中<code>Reason=NewReplicaSetAvailable</code> 意味着Deployment已经完成）。</p>
|
||
<p>您可以使用<code>kubectl rollout status</code>命令查看Deployment进程是否失败。当Deployment过程超过了deadline，<code>kubectl rollout status</code>将返回非0的exit code。</p>
|
||
<pre><code>$ kubectl rollout status deploy/nginx
|
||
Waiting for rollout to finish: 2 out of 3 new replicas have been updated...
|
||
error: deployment "nginx" exceeded its progress deadline
|
||
$ echo $?
|
||
1
|
||
</code></pre><h3 id="操作失败的-deployment">操作失败的 Deployment</h3>
|
||
<p>所有对完成的 Deployment 的操作都适用于失败的 Deployment。您可以对它扩/缩容，回退到历史版本，您甚至可以多次暂停它来应用 Deployment pod template。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="清理policy">清理Policy</h2>
|
||
<p>您可以设置 Deployment 中的 <code>.spec.revisionHistoryLimit</code> 项来指定保留多少旧的 ReplicaSet。 余下的将在后台被当作垃圾收集。默认的，所有的 revision 历史就都会被保留。在未来的版本中，将会更改为2。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>注意：</strong> 将该值设置为0，将导致所有的 Deployment 历史记录都会被清除，该 Deployment 就无法再回退了。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="用例">用例</h2>
|
||
<h3 id="金丝雀-deployment">金丝雀 Deployment</h3>
|
||
<p>如果您想要使用 Deployment 对部分用户或服务器发布 release，您可以创建多个 Deployment，每个 Deployment 对应一个 release，参照 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/manage-deployment/#canary-deployments" target="_blank">managing resources</a> 中对金丝雀模式的描述。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="编写-deployment-spec">编写 Deployment Spec</h2>
|
||
<p>在所有的 Kubernetes 配置中，Deployment 也需要<code>apiVersion</code>，<code>kind</code>和<code>metadata</code>这些配置项。配置文件的通用使用说明查看 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/run-application/run-stateless-application-deployment/" target="_blank">部署应用</a>，配置容器，和 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tutorials/object-management-kubectl/object-management/" target="_blank">使用 kubectl 管理资源 </a> 文档。</p>
|
||
<p>Deployment也需要 <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/devel/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status" target="_blank"><code>.spec</code> section</a>.</p>
|
||
<h3 id="pod-template">Pod Template</h3>
|
||
<p> <code>.spec.template</code> 是 <code>.spec</code>中唯一要求的字段。</p>
|
||
<p><code>.spec.template</code> 是 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/replication-controller/#pod-template" target="_blank">pod template</a>. 它跟 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/pods" target="_blank">Pod</a>有一模一样的schema，除了它是嵌套的并且不需要<code>apiVersion</code> 和 <code>kind</code>字段。</p>
|
||
<p>另外为了划分Pod的范围，Deployment中的pod template必须指定适当的label（不要跟其他controller重复了，参考<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md#selector" target="_blank">selector</a>）和适当的重启策略。</p>
|
||
<p><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle" target="_blank"><code>.spec.template.spec.restartPolicy</code></a> 可以设置为 <code>Always</code> , 如果不指定的话这就是默认配置。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="replicas">Replicas</h3>
|
||
<p><code>.spec.replicas</code> 是可以选字段，指定期望的pod数量，默认是1。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="selector">Selector</h3>
|
||
<p><code>.spec.selector</code>是可选字段，用来指定 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels" target="_blank">label selector</a> ，圈定Deployment管理的pod范围。</p>
|
||
<p>如果被指定， <code>.spec.selector</code> 必须匹配 <code>.spec.template.metadata.labels</code>，否则它将被API拒绝。如果 <code>.spec.selector</code> 没有被指定， <code>.spec.selector.matchLabels</code> 默认是 <code>.spec.template.metadata.labels</code>。</p>
|
||
<p>在Pod的template跟<code>.spec.template</code>不同或者数量超过了<code>.spec.replicas</code>规定的数量的情况下，Deployment会杀掉label跟selector不同的Pod。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>注意：</strong> 您不应该再创建其他label跟这个selector匹配的pod，或者通过其他Deployment，或者通过其他Controller，例如ReplicaSet和ReplicationController。否则该Deployment会被把它们当成都是自己创建的。Kubernetes不会阻止您这么做。</p>
|
||
<p>如果您有多个controller使用了重复的selector，controller们就会互相打架并导致不正确的行为。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="策略">策略</h3>
|
||
<p><code>.spec.strategy</code> 指定新的Pod替换旧的Pod的策略。 <code>.spec.strategy.type</code> 可以是"Recreate"或者是 "RollingUpdate"。"RollingUpdate"是默认值。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="recreate-deployment">Recreate Deployment</h4>
|
||
<p><code>.spec.strategy.type==Recreate</code>时，在创建出新的Pod之前会先杀掉所有已存在的Pod。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="rolling-update-deployment">Rolling Update Deployment</h4>
|
||
<p><code>.spec.strategy.type==RollingUpdate</code>时，Deployment使用<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/run-application/rolling-update-replication-controller" target="_blank">rolling update</a> 的方式更新Pod 。您可以指定<code>maxUnavailable</code> 和 <code>maxSurge</code> 来控制 rolling update 进程。</p>
|
||
<h5 id="max-unavailable">Max Unavailable</h5>
|
||
<p><code>.spec.strategy.rollingUpdate.maxUnavailable</code> 是可选配置项，用来指定在升级过程中不可用Pod的最大数量。该值可以是一个绝对值（例如5），也可以是期望Pod数量的百分比（例如10%）。通过计算百分比的绝对值向下取整。如果<code>.spec.strategy.rollingUpdate.maxSurge</code> 为0时，这个值不可以为0。默认值是1。</p>
|
||
<p>例如，该值设置成30%，启动rolling update后旧的ReplicatSet将会立即缩容到期望的Pod数量的70%。新的Pod ready后，随着新的ReplicaSet的扩容，旧的ReplicaSet会进一步缩容，确保在升级的所有时刻可以用的Pod数量至少是期望Pod数量的70%。</p>
|
||
<h5 id="max-surge">Max Surge</h5>
|
||
<p><code>.spec.strategy.rollingUpdate.maxSurge</code> 是可选配置项，用来指定可以超过期望的Pod数量的最大个数。该值可以是一个绝对值（例如5）或者是期望的Pod数量的百分比（例如10%）。当<code>MaxUnavailable</code>为0时该值不可以为0。通过百分比计算的绝对值向上取整。默认值是1。</p>
|
||
<p>例如，该值设置成30%，启动rolling update后新的ReplicatSet将会立即扩容，新老Pod的总数不能超过期望的Pod数量的130%。旧的Pod被杀掉后，新的ReplicaSet将继续扩容，旧的ReplicaSet会进一步缩容，确保在升级的所有时刻所有的Pod数量和不会超过期望Pod数量的130%。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="progress-deadline-seconds">Progress Deadline Seconds</h3>
|
||
<p><code>.spec.progressDeadlineSeconds</code> 是可选配置项，用来指定在系统报告Deployment的<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment.md#failed-deployment" target="_blank">failed progressing</a> ——表现为resource的状态中<code>type=Progressing</code>、<code>Status=False</code>、 <code>Reason=ProgressDeadlineExceeded</code>前可以等待的Deployment进行的秒数。Deployment controller会继续重试该Deployment。未来，在实现了自动回滚后， deployment controller在观察到这种状态时就会自动回滚。</p>
|
||
<p>如果设置该参数，该值必须大于 <code>.spec.minReadySeconds</code>。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="min-ready-seconds">Min Ready Seconds</h3>
|
||
<p><code>.spec.minReadySeconds</code>是一个可选配置项，用来指定没有任何容器crash的Pod并被认为是可用状态的最小秒数。默认是0（Pod在ready后就会被认为是可用状态）。进一步了解什么什么后Pod会被认为是ready状态，参阅 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#container-probes" target="_blank">Container Probes</a>。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="rollback-to">Rollback To</h3>
|
||
<p><code>.spec.rollbackTo</code> 是一个可以选配置项，用来配置Deployment回退的配置。设置该参数将触发回退操作，每次回退完成后，该值就会被清除。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="revision">Revision</h4>
|
||
<p><code>.spec.rollbackTo.revision</code>是一个可选配置项，用来指定回退到的revision。默认是0，意味着回退到上一个revision。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="revision-history-limit">Revision History Limit</h3>
|
||
<p>Deployment revision history存储在它控制的ReplicaSets中。</p>
|
||
<p><code>.spec.revisionHistoryLimit</code> 是一个可选配置项，用来指定可以保留的旧的ReplicaSet数量。该理想值取决于心Deployment的频率和稳定性。如果该值没有设置的话，默认所有旧的Replicaset或会被保留，将资源存储在etcd中，是用<code>kubectl get rs</code>查看输出。每个Deployment的该配置都保存在ReplicaSet中，然而，一旦您删除的旧的RepelicaSet，您的Deployment就无法再回退到那个revison了。</p>
|
||
<p>如果您将该值设置为0，所有具有0个replica的ReplicaSet都会被删除。在这种情况下，新的Deployment rollout无法撤销，因为revision history都被清理掉了。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="paused">Paused</h3>
|
||
<p><code>.spec.paused</code>是可以可选配置项，boolean值。用来指定暂停和恢复Deployment。Paused和没有paused的Deployment之间的唯一区别就是，所有对paused deployment中的PodTemplateSpec的修改都不会触发新的rollout。Deployment被创建之后默认是非paused。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="deployment-的替代选择">Deployment 的替代选择</h2>
|
||
<h3 id="kubectl-rolling-update">kubectl rolling update</h3>
|
||
<p><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/kubectl/v1.6/#rolling-update" target="_blank">Kubectl rolling update</a> 虽然使用类似的方式更新Pod和ReplicationController。但是我们推荐使用Deployment，因为它是声明式的，客户端侧，具有附加特性，例如即使滚动升级结束后也可以回滚到任何历史版本。</p>
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