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<title>使用技巧 · Kubernetes Handbook - Kubernetes中文指南/云原生应用架构实践手册 by Jimmy Song(宋净超)</title>
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<a href="https://jimmysong.io" target="_blank" class="custom-link">回到主页</a>
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<a href="https://jimmysong.io/awesome-cloud-native" target="_blank" class="custom-link">云原生开源项目大全</a>
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<a href="https://cloudnative.to" target="_blank" class="custom-link">云原生社区</a>
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<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="header">前言</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="../">
<a href="../">
<b>1.1.</b>
序言
</a>
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<li class="header">云原生</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-definition.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-definition.html">
<b>2.1.</b>
云原生（Cloud Native）的定义
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<li class="chapter " data-level="2.2" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-philosophy.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-philosophy.html">
<b>2.2.</b>
云原生的设计哲学
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3" data-path="../cloud-native/kubernetes-history.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/kubernetes-history.html">
<b>2.3.</b>
Kubernetes 的诞生
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.4" data-path="../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html">
<b>2.4.</b>
Kubernetes 与云原生应用概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.5" data-path="../cloud-native/from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html">
<b>2.5.</b>
云原生应用之路 —— 从 Kubernetes 到 Cloud Native
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6" data-path="../cloud-native/define-cloud-native-app.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/define-cloud-native-app.html">
<b>2.6.</b>
定义云原生应用
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1" data-path="../cloud-native/oam.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/oam.html">
<b>2.6.1.</b>
OAM
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.1" data-path="../cloud-native/workload.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/workload.html">
<b>2.6.1.1.</b>
Workload
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.2" data-path="../cloud-native/component.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/component.html">
<b>2.6.1.2.</b>
Component
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.3" data-path="../cloud-native/trait.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/trait.html">
<b>2.6.1.3.</b>
Trait
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.4" data-path="../cloud-native/application-scope.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/application-scope.html">
<b>2.6.1.4.</b>
Application Scope
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.5" data-path="../cloud-native/application-configuration.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/application-configuration.html">
<b>2.6.1.5.</b>
Application Configuration
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.2" data-path="../cloud-native/crossplane.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/crossplane.html">
<b>2.6.2.</b>
Crossplane
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-languages.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-languages.html">
<b>2.7.</b>
云原生编程语言
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-ballerina.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-ballerina.html">
<b>2.7.1.</b>
云原生编程语言 Ballerina
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7.2" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-pulumi.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-pulumi.html">
<b>2.7.2.</b>
云原生编程语言 Pulumi
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.8" data-path="../cloud-native/the-future-of-cloud-native.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/the-future-of-cloud-native.html">
<b>2.8.</b>
云原生的未来
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">快速入门</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="../cloud-native/quick-start.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/quick-start.html">
<b>3.1.</b>
云原生新手入门指南
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2" data-path="../cloud-native/play-with-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/play-with-kubernetes.html">
<b>3.2.</b>
Play with Kubernetes
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-local-quick-start.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-local-quick-start.html">
<b>3.3.</b>
快速部署一个云原生本地实验环境
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4" data-path="../cloud-native/setup-kubernetes-with-rancher-and-aliyun.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/setup-kubernetes-with-rancher-and-aliyun.html">
<b>3.4.</b>
使用 Rancher 在阿里云上部署 Kubenretes 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">概念与原理</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="../concepts/">
<a href="../concepts/">
<b>4.1.</b>
Kubernetes 架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.1" data-path="../concepts/concepts.html">
<a href="../concepts/concepts.html">
<b>4.1.1.</b>
设计理念
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.2" data-path="../concepts/etcd.html">
<a href="../concepts/etcd.html">
<b>4.1.2.</b>
Etcd 解析
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3" data-path="../concepts/open-interfaces.html">
<a href="../concepts/open-interfaces.html">
<b>4.1.3.</b>
开放接口
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3.1" data-path="../concepts/cri.html">
<a href="../concepts/cri.html">
<b>4.1.3.1.</b>
CRI - Container Runtime Interface（容器运行时接口）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3.2" data-path="../concepts/cni.html">
<a href="../concepts/cni.html">
<b>4.1.3.2.</b>
CNI - Container Network Interface（容器网络接口）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3.3" data-path="../concepts/csi.html">
<a href="../concepts/csi.html">
<b>4.1.3.3.</b>
CSI - Container Storage Interface（容器存储接口）
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2" data-path="../concepts/networking.html">
<a href="../concepts/networking.html">
<b>4.2.</b>
Kubernetes 中的网络
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.1" data-path="../concepts/flannel.html">
<a href="../concepts/flannel.html">
<b>4.2.1.</b>
Kubernetes 中的网络解析 —— 以 flannel 为例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.2" data-path="../concepts/calico.html">
<a href="../concepts/calico.html">
<b>4.2.2.</b>
Kubernetes 中的网络解析 —— 以 calico 为例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.3" data-path="../concepts/cilium.html">
<a href="../concepts/cilium.html">
<b>4.2.3.</b>
具备 API 感知的网络和安全性管理开源软件 Cilium
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.3.1" data-path="../concepts/cilium-concepts.html">
<a href="../concepts/cilium-concepts.html">
<b>4.2.3.1.</b>
Cilium 架构设计与概念解析
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3" data-path="../concepts/objects.html">
<a href="../concepts/objects.html">
<b>4.3.</b>
资源对象与基本概念解析
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4" data-path="../concepts/pod-state-and-lifecycle.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-state-and-lifecycle.html">
<b>4.4.</b>
Pod 状态与生命周期管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.1" data-path="../concepts/pod-overview.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-overview.html">
<b>4.4.1.</b>
Pod 概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.2" data-path="../concepts/pod.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod.html">
<b>4.4.2.</b>
Pod 解析
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.3" data-path="../concepts/init-containers.html">
<a href="../concepts/init-containers.html">
<b>4.4.3.</b>
Init 容器
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.4" data-path="../concepts/pause-container.html">
<a href="../concepts/pause-container.html">
<b>4.4.4.</b>
Pause 容器
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.5" data-path="../concepts/pod-security-policy.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-security-policy.html">
<b>4.4.5.</b>
Pod 安全策略
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.6" data-path="../concepts/pod-lifecycle.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-lifecycle.html">
<b>4.4.6.</b>
Pod 的生命周期
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.7" data-path="../concepts/pod-hook.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-hook.html">
<b>4.4.7.</b>
Pod Hook
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.8" data-path="../concepts/pod-preset.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-preset.html">
<b>4.4.8.</b>
Pod Preset
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.9" data-path="../concepts/pod-disruption-budget.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-disruption-budget.html">
<b>4.4.9.</b>
Pod 中断与 PDB（Pod 中断预算）
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5" data-path="../concepts/cluster.html">
<a href="../concepts/cluster.html">
<b>4.5.</b>
集群资源管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1" data-path="../concepts/node.html">
<a href="../concepts/node.html">
<b>4.5.1.</b>
Node
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.2" data-path="../concepts/namespace.html">
<a href="../concepts/namespace.html">
<b>4.5.2.</b>
Namespace
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.3" data-path="../concepts/label.html">
<a href="../concepts/label.html">
<b>4.5.3.</b>
Label
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.4" data-path="../concepts/annotation.html">
<a href="../concepts/annotation.html">
<b>4.5.4.</b>
Annotation
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.5" data-path="../concepts/taint-and-toleration.html">
<a href="../concepts/taint-and-toleration.html">
<b>4.5.5.</b>
Taint 和 Toleration（污点和容忍）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.6" data-path="../concepts/garbage-collection.html">
<a href="../concepts/garbage-collection.html">
<b>4.5.6.</b>
垃圾收集
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6" data-path="../concepts/controllers.html">
<a href="../concepts/controllers.html">
<b>4.6.</b>
控制器
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.1" data-path="../concepts/deployment.html">
<a href="../concepts/deployment.html">
<b>4.6.1.</b>
Deployment
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.2" data-path="../concepts/statefulset.html">
<a href="../concepts/statefulset.html">
<b>4.6.2.</b>
StatefulSet
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.3" data-path="../concepts/daemonset.html">
<a href="../concepts/daemonset.html">
<b>4.6.3.</b>
DaemonSet
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.4" data-path="../concepts/replicaset.html">
<a href="../concepts/replicaset.html">
<b>4.6.4.</b>
ReplicationController 和 ReplicaSet
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.5" data-path="../concepts/job.html">
<a href="../concepts/job.html">
<b>4.6.5.</b>
Job
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.6" data-path="../concepts/cronjob.html">
<a href="../concepts/cronjob.html">
<b>4.6.6.</b>
CronJob
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.7" data-path="../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
<a href="../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
<b>4.6.7.</b>
Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.7.1" data-path="../concepts/custom-metrics-hpa.html">
<a href="../concepts/custom-metrics-hpa.html">
<b>4.6.7.1.</b>
自定义指标 HPA
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.8" data-path="../concepts/admission-controller.html">
<a href="../concepts/admission-controller.html">
<b>4.6.8.</b>
准入控制器（Admission Controller）
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7" data-path="../concepts/service-discovery.html">
<a href="../concepts/service-discovery.html">
<b>4.7.</b>
服务发现
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.1" data-path="../concepts/service.html">
<a href="../concepts/service.html">
<b>4.7.1.</b>
Service
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.2" data-path="../concepts/ingress.html">
<a href="../concepts/ingress.html">
<b>4.7.2.</b>
Ingress
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.2.1" data-path="../concepts/traefik-ingress-controller.html">
<a href="../concepts/traefik-ingress-controller.html">
<b>4.7.2.1.</b>
Traefik Ingress Controller
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.3" data-path="../concepts/kubernetes-service-api.html">
<a href="../concepts/kubernetes-service-api.html">
<b>4.7.3.</b>
Kubernetes Service API
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.3.1" data-path="../concepts/service-api-overview.html">
<a href="../concepts/service-api-overview.html">
<b>4.7.3.1.</b>
Service API 简介
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8" data-path="../concepts/authentication-and-permission.html">
<a href="../concepts/authentication-and-permission.html">
<b>4.8.</b>
身份与权限控制
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.1" data-path="../concepts/serviceaccount.html">
<a href="../concepts/serviceaccount.html">
<b>4.8.1.</b>
ServiceAccount
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.2" data-path="../concepts/rbac.html">
<a href="../concepts/rbac.html">
<b>4.8.2.</b>
RBAC—— 基于角色的访问控制
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.3" data-path="../concepts/network-policy.html">
<a href="../concepts/network-policy.html">
<b>4.8.3.</b>
NetworkPolicy
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9" data-path="../concepts/storage.html">
<a href="../concepts/storage.html">
<b>4.9.</b>
存储
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.1" data-path="../concepts/secret.html">
<a href="../concepts/secret.html">
<b>4.9.1.</b>
Secret
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.2" data-path="../concepts/configmap.html">
<a href="../concepts/configmap.html">
<b>4.9.2.</b>
ConfigMap
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.2.1" data-path="../concepts/configmap-hot-update.html">
<a href="../concepts/configmap-hot-update.html">
<b>4.9.2.1.</b>
ConfigMap 的热更新
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.3" data-path="../concepts/volume.html">
<a href="../concepts/volume.html">
<b>4.9.3.</b>
Volume
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.4" data-path="../concepts/persistent-volume.html">
<a href="../concepts/persistent-volume.html">
<b>4.9.4.</b>
Persistent Volume（持久化卷）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.5" data-path="../concepts/storageclass.html">
<a href="../concepts/storageclass.html">
<b>4.9.5.</b>
Storage Class
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.6" data-path="../concepts/local-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../concepts/local-persistent-storage.html">
<b>4.9.6.</b>
本地持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.10" data-path="../concepts/extension.html">
<a href="../concepts/extension.html">
<b>4.10.</b>
集群扩展
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.10.1" data-path="../concepts/custom-resource.html">
<a href="../concepts/custom-resource.html">
<b>4.10.1.</b>
使用自定义资源扩展 API
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.10.2" data-path="../concepts/crd.html">
<a href="../concepts/crd.html">
<b>4.10.2.</b>
使用 CRD 扩展 Kubernetes API
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.10.3" data-path="../concepts/aggregated-api-server.html">
<a href="../concepts/aggregated-api-server.html">
<b>4.10.3.</b>
Aggregated API Server
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.10.4" data-path="../concepts/apiservice.html">
<a href="../concepts/apiservice.html">
<b>4.10.4.</b>
APIService
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.10.5" data-path="../concepts/service-catalog.html">
<a href="../concepts/service-catalog.html">
<b>4.10.5.</b>
Service Catalog
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.10.6" data-path="../concepts/multicluster.html">
<a href="../concepts/multicluster.html">
<b>4.10.6.</b>
多集群管理
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.11" data-path="../concepts/scheduling.html">
<a href="../concepts/scheduling.html">
<b>4.11.</b>
资源调度
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.11.1" data-path="../concepts/qos.html">
<a href="../concepts/qos.html">
<b>4.11.1.</b>
QoS（服务质量等级）
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">用户指南</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="../guide/">
<a href="../guide/">
<b>5.1.</b>
用户指南概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2" data-path="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
<a href="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
<b>5.2.</b>
资源对象配置
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.1" data-path="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
<a href="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
<b>5.2.1.</b>
配置 Pod 的 liveness 和 readiness 探针
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.2" data-path="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
<a href="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
<b>5.2.2.</b>
配置 Pod 的 Service Account
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.3" data-path="../guide/secret-configuration.html">
<a href="../guide/secret-configuration.html">
<b>5.2.3.</b>
Secret 配置
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.4" data-path="../guide/resource-quota-management.html">
<a href="../guide/resource-quota-management.html">
<b>5.2.4.</b>
管理 namespace 中的资源配额
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3" data-path="../guide/command-usage.html">
<a href="../guide/command-usage.html">
<b>5.3.</b>
命令使用
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.1" data-path="../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
<a href="../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
<b>5.3.1.</b>
Docker 用户过渡到 kubectl 命令行指南
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.2" data-path="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
<a href="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
<b>5.3.2.</b>
kubectl 命令概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.3" data-path="../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html">
<a href="../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html">
<b>5.3.3.</b>
kubectl 命令技巧大全
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.4" data-path="../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html">
<a href="../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html">
<b>5.3.4.</b>
使用 etcdctl 访问 kubernetes 数据
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4" data-path="../guide/cluster-security-management.html">
<a href="../guide/cluster-security-management.html">
<b>5.4.</b>
集群安全性管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.1" data-path="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
<b>5.4.1.</b>
管理集群中的 TLS
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.2" data-path="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
<a href="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
<b>5.4.2.</b>
kubelet 的认证授权
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.3" data-path="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
<a href="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
<b>5.4.3.</b>
TLS Bootstrap
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.4" data-path="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
<a href="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
<b>5.4.4.</b>
创建用户认证授权的 kubeconfig 文件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.5" data-path="../guide/ip-masq-agent.html">
<a href="../guide/ip-masq-agent.html">
<b>5.4.5.</b>
IP 伪装代理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.6" data-path="../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html">
<a href="../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html">
<b>5.4.6.</b>
使用 kubeconfig 或 token 进行用户身份认证
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.7" data-path="../guide/authentication.html">
<a href="../guide/authentication.html">
<b>5.4.7.</b>
Kubernetes 中的用户与身份认证授权
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.8" data-path="../guide/kubernetes-security-best-practice.html">
<a href="../guide/kubernetes-security-best-practice.html">
<b>5.4.8.</b>
Kubernetes 集群安全性配置最佳实践
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5" data-path="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
<b>5.5.</b>
访问 Kubernetes 集群
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.1" data-path="../guide/access-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/access-cluster.html">
<b>5.5.1.</b>
访问集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.2" data-path="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
<a href="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
<b>5.5.2.</b>
使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.3" data-path="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
<a href="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
<b>5.5.3.</b>
通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.4" data-path="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
<b>5.5.4.</b>
使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.5" data-path="../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html">
<b>5.5.5.</b>
从外部访问 Kubernetes 中的 Pod
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.6" data-path="../guide/cabin-mobile-dashboard-for-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../guide/cabin-mobile-dashboard-for-kubernetes.html">
<b>5.5.6.</b>
Cabin - Kubernetes 手机客户端
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.7" data-path="../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html">
<a href="../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html">
<b>5.5.7.</b>
Lens - Kubernetes IDE/桌面客户端
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.8" data-path="../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html">
<a href="../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html">
<b>5.5.8.</b>
Kubernator - 更底层的 Kubernetes UI
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6" data-path="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
<a href="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
<b>5.6.</b>
在 Kubernetes 中开发部署应用
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.1" data-path="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
<b>5.6.1.</b>
适用于 kubernetes 的应用开发部署流程
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.2" data-path="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
<b>5.6.2.</b>
迁移传统应用到 Kubernetes 中 —— 以 Hadoop YARN 为例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.3" data-path="../guide/using-statefulset.html">
<a href="../guide/using-statefulset.html">
<b>5.6.3.</b>
使用 StatefulSet 部署用状态应用
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">最佳实践</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.1" data-path="../practice/">
<a href="../practice/">
<b>6.1.</b>
最佳实践概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2" data-path="../practice/install-kubernetes-on-centos.html">
<a href="../practice/install-kubernetes-on-centos.html">
<b>6.2.</b>
在 CentOS 上部署 Kubernetes 集群
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.1" data-path="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
<a href="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
<b>6.2.1.</b>
创建 TLS 证书和秘钥
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.2" data-path="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
<a href="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
<b>6.2.2.</b>
创建 kubeconfig 文件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.3" data-path="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
<b>6.2.3.</b>
创建高可用 etcd 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.4" data-path="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
<b>6.2.4.</b>
安装 kubectl 命令行工具
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.5" data-path="../practice/master-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/master-installation.html">
<b>6.2.5.</b>
部署 master 节点
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.6" data-path="../practice/flannel-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/flannel-installation.html">
<b>6.2.6.</b>
安装 flannel 网络插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.7" data-path="../practice/node-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/node-installation.html">
<b>6.2.7.</b>
部署 node 节点
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.8" data-path="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
<b>6.2.8.</b>
安装 kubedns 插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.9" data-path="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
<b>6.2.9.</b>
安装 dashboard 插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.10" data-path="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
<b>6.2.10.</b>
安装 heapster 插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.11" data-path="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
<b>6.2.11.</b>
安装 EFK 插件
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3" data-path="../practice/install-kubernetes-with-kubeadm.html">
<a href="../practice/install-kubernetes-with-kubeadm.html">
<b>6.3.</b>
生产级的 Kubernetes 简化管理工具 kubeadm
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.1" data-path="../practice/install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu-server-16.04-with-kubeadm.html">
<a href="../practice/install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu-server-16.04-with-kubeadm.html">
<b>6.3.1.</b>
使用 kubeadm 在 Ubuntu Server 16.04 上快速构建测试集群
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4" data-path="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
<a href="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
<b>6.4.</b>
服务发现与负载均衡
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.1" data-path="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
<b>6.4.1.</b>
安装 Traefik ingress
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.2" data-path="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
<a href="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
<b>6.4.2.</b>
分布式负载测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.3" data-path="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
<a href="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
<b>6.4.3.</b>
网络和集群性能测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.4" data-path="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
<a href="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
<b>6.4.4.</b>
边缘节点配置
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.5" data-path="../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html">
<b>6.4.5.</b>
安装 Nginx ingress
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.6" data-path="../practice/dns-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/dns-installation.html">
<b>6.4.6.</b>
安装配置 DNS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.6.1" data-path="../practice/configuring-dns.html">
<a href="../practice/configuring-dns.html">
<b>6.4.6.1.</b>
安装配置 Kube-dns
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.6.2" data-path="../practice/coredns.html">
<a href="../practice/coredns.html">
<b>6.4.6.2.</b>
安装配置 CoreDNS
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5" data-path="../practice/operation.html">
<a href="../practice/operation.html">
<b>6.5.</b>
运维管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.1" data-path="../practice/master-ha.html">
<a href="../practice/master-ha.html">
<b>6.5.1.</b>
Master 节点高可用
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.2" data-path="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
<a href="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
<b>6.5.2.</b>
服务滚动升级
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.3" data-path="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
<a href="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
<b>6.5.3.</b>
应用日志收集
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.4" data-path="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
<a href="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
<b>6.5.4.</b>
配置最佳实践
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.5" data-path="../practice/monitor.html">
<a href="../practice/monitor.html">
<b>6.5.5.</b>
集群及应用监控
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.6" data-path="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
<a href="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
<b>6.5.6.</b>
数据持久化问题
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.7" data-path="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
<a href="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
<b>6.5.7.</b>
管理容器的计算资源
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.8" data-path="../practice/federation.html">
<a href="../practice/federation.html">
<b>6.5.8.</b>
集群联邦（Cluster Federation）
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6" data-path="../practice/storage.html">
<a href="../practice/storage.html">
<b>6.6.</b>
存储管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1" data-path="../practice/glusterfs.html">
<a href="../practice/glusterfs.html">
<b>6.6.1.</b>
GlusterFS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.1.1.</b>
使用 GlusterFS 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1.2" data-path="../practice/using-heketi-gluster-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-heketi-gluster-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.1.2.</b>
使用 Heketi 作为 Kubernetes 的持久存储 GlusterFS 的 external provisioner
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1.3" data-path="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
<a href="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
<b>6.6.1.3.</b>
在 OpenShift 中使用 GlusterFS 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.2" data-path="../practice/glusterd-2.0.html">
<a href="../practice/glusterd-2.0.html">
<b>6.6.2.</b>
GlusterD-2.0
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.3" data-path="../practice/ceph.html">
<a href="../practice/ceph.html">
<b>6.6.3.</b>
Ceph
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.3.1" data-path="../practice/ceph-helm-install-guide-zh.html">
<a href="../practice/ceph-helm-install-guide-zh.html">
<b>6.6.3.1.</b>
用 Helm 托管安装 Ceph 集群并提供后端存储
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.3.2" data-path="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.3.2.</b>
使用 Ceph 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.3.3" data-path="../practice/rbd-provisioner.html">
<a href="../practice/rbd-provisioner.html">
<b>6.6.3.3.</b>
使用 rbd-provisioner 提供 rbd 持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.4" data-path="../practice/openebs.html">
<a href="../practice/openebs.html">
<b>6.6.4.</b>
OpenEBS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.4.1" data-path="../practice/using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.4.1.</b>
使用 OpenEBS 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.5" data-path="../practice/rook.html">
<a href="../practice/rook.html">
<b>6.6.5.</b>
Rook
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.6" data-path="../practice/nfs.html">
<a href="../practice/nfs.html">
<b>6.6.6.</b>
NFS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.6.1" data-path="../practice/using-nfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-nfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.6.1.</b>
利用 NFS 动态提供 Kubernetes 后端存储卷
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7" data-path="../practice/monitoring.html">
<a href="../practice/monitoring.html">
<b>6.7.</b>
集群与应用监控
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.1" data-path="../practice/heapster.html">
<a href="../practice/heapster.html">
<b>6.7.1.</b>
Heapster
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
<a href="../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
<b>6.7.1.1.</b>
使用 Heapster 获取集群和对象的 metric 数据
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.2" data-path="../practice/prometheus.html">
<a href="../practice/prometheus.html">
<b>6.7.2.</b>
Prometheus
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.2.1" data-path="../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
<a href="../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
<b>6.7.2.1.</b>
使用 Prometheus 监控 kubernetes 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.2.2" data-path="../practice/promql.html">
<a href="../practice/promql.html">
<b>6.7.2.2.</b>
Prometheus 查询语言 PromQL 使用说明
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.3" data-path="../practice/vistio-visualize-your-istio-mesh.html">
<a href="../practice/vistio-visualize-your-istio-mesh.html">
<b>6.7.3.</b>
使用 Vistio 监控 Istio 服务网格中的流量
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.8" data-path="../practice/distributed-tracing.html">
<a href="../practice/distributed-tracing.html">
<b>6.8.</b>
分布式追踪
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.8.1" data-path="../practice/opentracing.html">
<a href="../practice/opentracing.html">
<b>6.8.1.</b>
OpenTracing
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.9" data-path="../practice/services-management-tool.html">
<a href="../practice/services-management-tool.html">
<b>6.9.</b>
服务编排管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.9.1" data-path="../practice/helm.html">
<a href="../practice/helm.html">
<b>6.9.1.</b>
使用 Helm 管理 Kubernetes 应用
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.9.2" data-path="../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html">
<a href="../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html">
<b>6.9.2.</b>
构建私有 Chart 仓库
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.10" data-path="../practice/ci-cd.html">
<a href="../practice/ci-cd.html">
<b>6.10.</b>
持续集成与发布
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.10.1" data-path="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
<a href="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
<b>6.10.1.</b>
使用 Jenkins 进行持续集成与发布
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.10.2" data-path="../practice/drone-ci-cd.html">
<a href="../practice/drone-ci-cd.html">
<b>6.10.2.</b>
使用 Drone 进行持续集成与发布
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.11" data-path="../practice/update-and-upgrade.html">
<a href="../practice/update-and-upgrade.html">
<b>6.11.</b>
更新与升级
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.11.1" data-path="../practice/manually-upgrade.html">
<a href="../practice/manually-upgrade.html">
<b>6.11.1.</b>
手动升级 Kubernetes 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.11.2" data-path="../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html">
<a href="../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html">
<b>6.11.2.</b>
升级 dashboard
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.12" data-path="../practice/controller-extended.html">
<a href="../practice/controller-extended.html">
<b>6.12.</b>
扩展控制器
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.12.1" data-path="../practice/openkruise.html">
<a href="../practice/openkruise.html">
<b>6.12.1.</b>
OpenKruise
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.12.1.1" data-path="../practice/in-place-update.html">
<a href="../practice/in-place-update.html">
<b>6.12.1.1.</b>
原地升级
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">服务网格</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.1" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
<b>7.1.</b>
服务网格（Service Mesh）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2" data-path="../usecases/the-enterprise-path-to-service-mesh-architectures.html">
<a href="../usecases/the-enterprise-path-to-service-mesh-architectures.html">
<b>7.2.</b>
企业级服务网格架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.1" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-fundamental.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-fundamental.html">
<b>7.2.1.</b>
服务网格基础
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.2" data-path="../usecases/comparing-service-mesh-technologies.html">
<a href="../usecases/comparing-service-mesh-technologies.html">
<b>7.2.2.</b>
服务网格技术对比
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.3" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-vs-api-gateway.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-vs-api-gateway.html">
<b>7.2.3.</b>
服务网格对比 API 网关
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.4" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-adoption-and-evolution.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-adoption-and-evolution.html">
<b>7.2.4.</b>
采纳和演进
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.5" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-customization-and-integration.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-customization-and-integration.html">
<b>7.2.5.</b>
定制和集成
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.6" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-conclusion.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-conclusion.html">
<b>7.2.6.</b>
总结
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3" data-path="../usecases/istio.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio.html">
<b>7.3.</b>
Istio
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.1" data-path="../usecases/before-using-istio.html">
<a href="../usecases/before-using-istio.html">
<b>7.3.1.</b>
使用 Istio 前需要考虑的问题
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.2" data-path="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
<b>7.3.2.</b>
安装并试用 Istio
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.3" data-path="../usecases/sidecar-spec-in-istio.html">
<a href="../usecases/sidecar-spec-in-istio.html">
<b>7.3.3.</b>
Istio 中 sidecar 的注入规范及示例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.4" data-path="../usecases/istio-community-tips.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-community-tips.html">
<b>7.3.4.</b>
如何参与 Istio 社区及注意事项
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.5" data-path="../usecases/istio-tutorials-collection.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-tutorials-collection.html">
<b>7.3.5.</b>
Istio 免费学习资源汇总
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.6" data-path="../usecases/understand-sidecar-injection-and-traffic-hijack-in-istio-service-mesh.html">
<a href="../usecases/understand-sidecar-injection-and-traffic-hijack-in-istio-service-mesh.html">
<b>7.3.6.</b>
Sidecar 的注入与流量劫持
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.7" data-path="../usecases/envoy-sidecar-routing-of-istio-service-mesh-deep-dive.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-sidecar-routing-of-istio-service-mesh-deep-dive.html">
<b>7.3.7.</b>
Envoy Sidecar 代理的路由转发
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.8" data-path="../usecases/how-to-integrate-istio-with-vm.html">
<a href="../usecases/how-to-integrate-istio-with-vm.html">
<b>7.3.8.</b>
Istio 如何支持虚拟机
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.9" data-path="../usecases/istio-vm-support.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-vm-support.html">
<b>7.3.9.</b>
Istio 支持虚拟机的历史
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4" data-path="../usecases/envoy.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy.html">
<b>7.4.</b>
Envoy
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4.1" data-path="../usecases/envoy-terminology.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-terminology.html">
<b>7.4.1.</b>
Envoy 的架构与基本术语
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4.2" data-path="../usecases/envoy-front-proxy.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-front-proxy.html">
<b>7.4.2.</b>
Envoy 作为前端代理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4.3" data-path="../usecases/envoy-mesh-in-kubernetes-tutorial.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-mesh-in-kubernetes-tutorial.html">
<b>7.4.3.</b>
Envoy mesh 教程
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">领域应用</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.1" data-path="../usecases/">
<a href="../usecases/">
<b>8.1.</b>
领域应用概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2" data-path="../usecases/microservices.html">
<a href="../usecases/microservices.html">
<b>8.2.</b>
微服务架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2.1" data-path="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
<b>8.2.1.</b>
微服务中的服务发现
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2.2" data-path="../usecases/microservices-for-java-developers.html">
<a href="../usecases/microservices-for-java-developers.html">
<b>8.2.2.</b>
使用 Java 构建微服务并发布到 Kubernetes 平台
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2.2.1" data-path="../usecases/spring-boot-quick-start-guide.html">
<a href="../usecases/spring-boot-quick-start-guide.html">
<b>8.2.2.1.</b>
Spring Boot 快速开始指南
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3" data-path="../usecases/big-data.html">
<a href="../usecases/big-data.html">
<b>8.3.</b>
大数据
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3.1" data-path="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
<b>8.3.1.</b>
Spark standalone on Kubernetes
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3.2" data-path="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
<a href="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
<b>8.3.2.</b>
运行支持 Kubernetes 原生调度的 Spark 程序
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4" data-path="../usecases/serverless.html">
<a href="../usecases/serverless.html">
<b>8.4.</b>
Serverless 架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.1" data-path="../usecases/understanding-serverless.html">
<a href="../usecases/understanding-serverless.html">
<b>8.4.1.</b>
理解 Serverless
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.2" data-path="../usecases/faas.html">
<a href="../usecases/faas.html">
<b>8.4.2.</b>
FaaS（函数即服务）
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.2.1" data-path="../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html">
<a href="../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html">
<b>8.4.2.1.</b>
OpenFaaS 快速入门指南
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.3" data-path="../usecases/knative.html">
<a href="../usecases/knative.html">
<b>8.4.3.</b>
Knative
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.5" data-path="../usecases/edge-computing.html">
<a href="../usecases/edge-computing.html">
<b>8.5.</b>
边缘计算
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.6" data-path="../usecases/ai.html">
<a href="../usecases/ai.html">
<b>8.6.</b>
人工智能
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.7" data-path="../usecases/observability.html">
<a href="../usecases/observability.html">
<b>8.7.</b>
可观察性
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">开发指南</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.1" data-path="../develop/">
<a href="../develop/">
<b>9.1.</b>
开发指南概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.2" data-path="../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html">
<a href="../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html">
<b>9.2.</b>
SIG 和工作组
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3" data-path="../develop/developing-environment.html">
<a href="../develop/developing-environment.html">
<b>9.3.</b>
开发环境搭建
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3.1" data-path="../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html">
<a href="../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html">
<b>9.3.1.</b>
本地分布式开发环境搭建（使用 Vagrant 和 Virtualbox）
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.4" data-path="../develop/testing.html">
<a href="../develop/testing.html">
<b>9.4.</b>
单元测试和集成测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.5" data-path="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
<a href="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
<b>9.5.</b>
client-go 示例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.6" data-path="../develop/operator.html">
<a href="../develop/operator.html">
<b>9.6.</b>
Operator
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.6.1" data-path="../develop/operator-sdk.html">
<a href="../develop/operator-sdk.html">
<b>9.6.1.</b>
operator-sdk
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7" data-path="../develop/kubebuilder.html">
<a href="../develop/kubebuilder.html">
<b>9.7.</b>
kubebuilder
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7.1" data-path="../develop/kubebuilder-example.html">
<a href="../develop/kubebuilder-example.html">
<b>9.7.1.</b>
使用 kubebuilder 创建 operator 示例
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.8" data-path="../develop/advance-developer.html">
<a href="../develop/advance-developer.html">
<b>9.8.</b>
高级开发指南
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.9" data-path="../develop/contribute.html">
<a href="../develop/contribute.html">
<b>9.9.</b>
社区贡献
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.10" data-path="../develop/minikube.html">
<a href="../develop/minikube.html">
<b>9.10.</b>
Minikube
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">社区及生态</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf.html">
<b>10.1.</b>
云原生计算基金会（CNCF）
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-charter.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-charter.html">
<b>10.1.1.</b>
CNCF 章程
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.2" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-sig.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-sig.html">
<b>10.1.2.</b>
CNCF 特别兴趣小组（SIG）说明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.3" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-sandbox-criteria.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-sandbox-criteria.html">
<b>10.1.3.</b>
开源项目加入 CNCF Sandbox 的要求
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.4" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-project-governing.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-project-governing.html">
<b>10.1.4.</b>
CNCF 中的项目治理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.5" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-ambassador.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-ambassador.html">
<b>10.1.5.</b>
CNCF Ambassador
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.2" data-path="../cloud-native/cnc.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cnc.html">
<b>10.2.</b>
云原生社区
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.3" data-path="../cloud-native/certification.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/certification.html">
<b>10.3.</b>
认证及培训
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.3.1" data-path="about-kcsp.html">
<a href="about-kcsp.html">
<b>10.3.1.</b>
认证 Kubernetes 服务提供商（KCSP）说明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.3.2" data-path="about-cka-candidate.html">
<a href="about-cka-candidate.html">
<b>10.3.2.</b>
认证 Kubernetes 管理员（CKA）说明
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">附录</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.1" data-path="./">
<a href="./">
<b>11.1.</b>
附录说明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.2" data-path="debug-kubernetes-services.html">
<a href="debug-kubernetes-services.html">
<b>11.2.</b>
Kubernetes 中的应用故障排查
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.3" data-path="material-share.html">
<a href="material-share.html">
<b>11.3.</b>
Kubernetes 相关资讯和情报链接
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.4" data-path="docker-best-practice.html">
<a href="docker-best-practice.html">
<b>11.4.</b>
Docker 最佳实践
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter active" data-level="11.5" data-path="tricks.html">
<a href="tricks.html">
<b>11.5.</b>
使用技巧
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.6" data-path="issues.html">
<a href="issues.html">
<b>11.6.</b>
问题记录
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.7" data-path="kubernetes-changelog.html">
<a href="kubernetes-changelog.html">
<b>11.7.</b>
Kubernetes 版本更新日志
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.8" data-path="summary-and-outlook.html">
<a href="summary-and-outlook.html">
<b>11.8.</b>
Kubernetes 及云原生年度总结及展望
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.8.1" data-path="kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html">
<a href="kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html">
<b>11.8.1.</b>
Kubernetes 与云原生 2017 年年终总结及 2018 年展望
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.8.2" data-path="kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2018-and-outlook-for-2019.html">
<a href="kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2018-and-outlook-for-2019.html">
<b>11.8.2.</b>
Kubernetes 与云原生 2018 年年终总结及 2019 年展望
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.9" data-path="cncf-annual-report.html">
<a href="cncf-annual-report.html">
<b>11.9.</b>
CNCF 年度报告解读
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.9.1" data-path="cncf-annual-report-2018.html">
<a href="cncf-annual-report-2018.html">
<b>11.9.1.</b>
CNCF 2018 年年度报告解读
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.9.2" data-path="cncf-annual-report-2020.html">
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CNCF 2020 年年度报告解读
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<h2 id="1-&#x5728;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x4E2D;&#x83B7;&#x53D6;-pod-&#x7684;ip">1. &#x5728;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x4E2D;&#x83B7;&#x53D6; Pod &#x7684;IP</h2>
<p>&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x6765;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#xFF0C;&#x8BE5;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x5F15;&#x7528; resource &#x7684;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#xFF0C;&#x793A;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="token key atrule">apiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> v1
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> ReplicationController
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> world<span class="token punctuation">-</span>v2
<span class="token key atrule">spec</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">replicas</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">3</span>
<span class="token key atrule">selector</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">app</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> world<span class="token punctuation">-</span>v2
<span class="token key atrule">template</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">labels</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">app</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> world<span class="token punctuation">-</span>v2
<span class="token key atrule">spec</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">containers</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> service
<span class="token key atrule">image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> test
<span class="token key atrule">env</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> POD_IP
<span class="token key atrule">valueFrom</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">fieldRef</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">fieldPath</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> status.podIP
<span class="token key atrule">ports</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> service
<span class="token key atrule">containerPort</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">777</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x4E2D;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>POD_IP</code> &#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x7684; IP&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="2-&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x53C2;&#x6570;">2. &#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x53C2;&#x6570;</h2>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728; Pod &#x4E2D;&#x4E3A;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; command &#x4E3A;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">command: <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;/bin/bash&quot;</span>,<span class="token string">&quot;-c&quot;</span>,<span class="token string">&quot;bootstrap.sh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x770B;&#x4F3C;&#x5F88;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x6570;&#x7EC4;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x8DDF; Dockerfile &#x4E2D;&#x7684; CMD &#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x70B9;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;<code>bootsttap.sh</code> &#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x53EF;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x6743;&#x9650;&#xFF0C;&#x5426;&#x5219;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x65F6;&#x4F1A;&#x51FA;&#x9519;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="3-&#x8BA9;pod&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x5BBF;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x7684;docker&#x80FD;&#x529B;">3. &#x8BA9;Pod&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x5BBF;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x7684;docker&#x80FD;&#x529B;</h2>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x60F3;&#x8C61;&#x4E00;&#x4E0B;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x573A;&#x666F;&#xFF0C;&#x8BA9; Pod &#x6765;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x5BBF;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x7684; docker &#x80FD;&#x529B;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5C06;&#x5BBF;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x7684; <code>docker</code> &#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x548C; <code>docker.sock</code> &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x5230; Pod &#x91CC;&#x9762;&#x5373;&#x53EF;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="token key atrule">apiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> v1
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> Pod
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> busybox<span class="token punctuation">-</span>cloudbomb
<span class="token key atrule">spec</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">containers</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> busybox
<span class="token key atrule">command</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> /bin/sh
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token string">&quot;-c&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> &quot;while true; \
do \
docker run <span class="token punctuation">-</span>d <span class="token punctuation">-</span><span class="token punctuation">-</span>name BOOM_$(cat /dev/urandom <span class="token punctuation">|</span> tr <span class="token punctuation">-</span>cd &apos;a<span class="token punctuation">-</span>f0<span class="token punctuation">-</span>9&apos; <span class="token punctuation">|</span> head <span class="token punctuation">-</span>c 6) nginx ; \
done&quot;
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> cloudbomb
<span class="token key atrule">volumeMounts</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">mountPath</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> /var/run/docker.sock
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> docker<span class="token punctuation">-</span>socket
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">mountPath</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> /bin/docker
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> docker<span class="token punctuation">-</span>binary
<span class="token key atrule">volumes</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> docker<span class="token punctuation">-</span>socket
<span class="token key atrule">hostPath</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">path</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> /var/run/docker.sock
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> docker<span class="token punctuation">-</span>binary
<span class="token key atrule">hostPath</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">path</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> /bin/docker
</code></pre>
<p>&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#xFF1A;<a href="https://www.infoq.com/presentations/patterns-microservices-kubernetes" target="_blank">Architecture Patterns for Microservices in Kubernetes</a></p>
<h2 id="4-&#x4F7F;&#x7528;init-container&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;">4. &#x4F7F;&#x7528;Init container&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;</h2>
<p>Init container&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x524D;&#x5148;&#x6309;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x4E00;&#x6279;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x6240;&#x6709;Init&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x90FD;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x6210;&#x529F;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;Pod&#x624D;&#x7B97;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x6210;&#x529F;&#x3002;&#x770B;&#x4E0B;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#xFF08;&#x6765;&#x6E90;&#xFF1A;<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44109308/kubernetes-mounting-volume-from-within-init-container" target="_blank">kubernetes: mounting volume from within init container - Stack Overflow</a>&#xFF09;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="token key atrule">apiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> v1
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> Pod
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> init
<span class="token key atrule">labels</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">app</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> init
<span class="token key atrule">annotations</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">pod.beta.kubernetes.io/init-containers</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> &apos;<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token key atrule">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;download&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token key atrule">&quot;image&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;axeclbr/git&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token key atrule">&quot;command&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;git&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;clone&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;https://github.com/mdn/beginner-html-site-scripted&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;/var/lib/data&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token key atrule">&quot;volumeMounts&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token key atrule">&quot;mountPath&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;/var/lib/data&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token key atrule">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;git&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>&apos;
<span class="token key atrule">spec</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">containers</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> run
<span class="token key atrule">image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> docker.io/centos/httpd
<span class="token key atrule">ports</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">containerPort</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">80</span>
<span class="token key atrule">volumeMounts</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">mountPath</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> /var/www/html
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> git
<span class="token key atrule">volumes</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">emptyDir</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> git
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x518D;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x524D;&#x9996;&#x5148;&#x4ECE;GitHub&#x4E2D;&#x62C9;&#x53D6;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5E76;&#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x5230;&#x5171;&#x4EAB;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E0B;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5173;&#x4E8E;Init&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x66F4;&#x8BE6;&#x7EC6;&#x8BF4;&#x660E;&#x8BF7;&#x53C2;&#x8003; <a href="../concepts/init-containers.html">init&#x5BB9;&#x5668;</a>&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="5-&#x4F7F;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5185;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x4E0E;&#x5BBF;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x540C;&#x6B65;">5. &#x4F7F;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5185;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x4E0E;&#x5BBF;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x540C;&#x6B65;</h2>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E0B;&#x8F7D;&#x7684;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5185;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x533A;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x683C;&#x6797;&#x5C3C;&#x6CBB;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0E;&#x5317;&#x4EAC;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x5DEE;8&#x5C0F;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x5C06;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5185;&#x7684;&#x65E5;&#x5FD7;&#x548C;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x4E0E;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x65F6;&#x533A;&#x4E0D;&#x7B26;&#xFF0C;&#x6709;&#x4E24;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x533A;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</li>
<li>&#x5C06;&#x5BBF;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x533A;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;<code>/etc/localtime</code>&#x4F7F;&#x7528;volume&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x6302;&#x8F7D;&#x5230;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x4E2D;</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x91CD;&#x505A;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x8981;&#x5728;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7684;yaml&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="token key atrule">volumeMounts</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> host<span class="token punctuation">-</span>time
<span class="token key atrule">mountPath</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> /etc/localtime
<span class="token key atrule">readOnly</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean important">true</span>
<span class="token key atrule">volumes</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> host<span class="token punctuation">-</span>time
<span class="token key atrule">hostPath</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">path</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> /etc/localtime
</code></pre>
<h2 id="6-&#x5728;pod&#x4E2D;&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x5BBF;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x540D;&#x3001;namespace&#x7B49;">6. &#x5728;Pod&#x4E2D;&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x5BBF;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x540D;&#x3001;namespace&#x7B49;</h2>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x6761;&#x6280;&#x5DE7;&#x8865;&#x5145;&#x4E86;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x6761;&#x83B7;&#x53D6; podIP &#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#xFF0C;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x5217;&#x51FA;&#x4E86;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x7684;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684; pod &#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A; pod &#x91CC;&#x90FD;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; {.spec.nodeName} &#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7; <code>fieldRef</code> &#x548C;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;Pod&#x4E2D;&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x5BBF;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x540D;&#xFF08;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;<code>MY_NODE_NAME</code>&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="token key atrule">apiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> v1
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> Pod
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> dapi<span class="token punctuation">-</span>test<span class="token punctuation">-</span>pod
<span class="token key atrule">spec</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">containers</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> test<span class="token punctuation">-</span>container
<span class="token key atrule">image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> busybox
<span class="token key atrule">command</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token string">&quot;/bin/sh&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;-c&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;env&quot;</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key atrule">env</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> MY_NODE_NAME
<span class="token key atrule">valueFrom</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">fieldRef</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">fieldPath</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> spec.nodeName
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> MY_POD_NAME
<span class="token key atrule">valueFrom</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">fieldRef</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">fieldPath</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> metadata.name
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> MY_POD_NAMESPACE
<span class="token key atrule">valueFrom</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">fieldRef</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">fieldPath</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> metadata.namespace
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> MY_POD_IP
<span class="token key atrule">valueFrom</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">fieldRef</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">fieldPath</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> status.podIP
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> HOST_IP
<span class="token key atrule">valueFrom</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">fieldRef</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">fieldPath</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> status.hostIP
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> MY_POD_SERVICE_ACCOUNT
<span class="token key atrule">valueFrom</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">fieldRef</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">fieldPath</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> spec.serviceAccountName
<span class="token key atrule">restartPolicy</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> Never
</code></pre>
<h2 id="7-&#x914D;&#x7F6E;pod&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5916;&#x90E8;dns">7. &#x914D;&#x7F6E;Pod&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5916;&#x90E8;DNS</h2>
<p>&#x4FEE;&#x6539;kube-dns&#x7684;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;ConfigMap&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="token key atrule">apiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> v1
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> ConfigMap
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> kube<span class="token punctuation">-</span>dns
<span class="token key atrule">namespace</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> kube<span class="token punctuation">-</span>system
<span class="token key atrule">data</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">stubDomains</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span><span class="token scalar string">
{&quot;k8s.com&quot;: [&quot;192.168.10.10&quot;]}</span>
<span class="token key atrule">upstreamNameservers</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">|</span><span class="token scalar string">
[&quot;8.8.8.8&quot;, &quot;8.8.4.4&quot;]</span>
</code></pre>
<p><code>upstreamNameservers</code> &#x5373;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x5916;&#x90E8;DNS&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="8-&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;centos&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;">8. &#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;CentOS&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;</h2>
<p>&#x6709;&#x65F6;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5728;Kubernetes&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x4E2D;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x6765;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x7684;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x6216;&#x5BF9;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x666E;&#x901A;&#x7684;CentOS&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x6765;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x3002;yaml&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x89C1;<a href="https://github.com/rootsongjc/kubernetes-handbook/tree/master/manifests/test/centos.yaml" target="_blank">manifests/test/centos.yaml</a>&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="token key atrule">apiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> extensions/v1beta1
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> Deployment
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> test
<span class="token key atrule">labels</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">app</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> test
<span class="token key atrule">spec</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">replicas</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token key atrule">template</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">labels</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">app</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> test
<span class="token key atrule">spec</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">containers</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">image</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> harbor<span class="token punctuation">-</span>001.jimmysong.io/library/centos<span class="token punctuation">:</span>7.2.1511
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> test
<span class="token key atrule">command</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;/bin/bash&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&quot;-c&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&quot;while true; do sleep 1000; done&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token key atrule">imagePullPolicy</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> IfNotPresent
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5373;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>while</code>&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x65F6;&#x62E5;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x524D;&#x53F0;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>kubectl run</code>&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x6765;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">kubectl run --image<span class="token operator">=</span>harbor-001.jimmysong.io/library/centos:7.2.1511 --command <span class="token string">&apos;/bin/bash -c &quot;while true;do sleep 1000;done&quot;&apos;</span> centos-test
</code></pre>
<h2 id="9-&#x5F3A;&#x5236;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x4E00;&#x76F4;&#x5904;&#x4E8E;terminating&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x7684;pod">9. &#x5F3A;&#x5236;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x4E00;&#x76F4;&#x5904;&#x4E8E;Terminating&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x7684;Pod</h2>
<p>&#x6709;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x5F53;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x5220;&#x9664;Deployment/DaemonSets/StatefulSet&#x7B49;&#x6700;&#x9AD8;&#x7EA7;&#x522B;&#x7684;Kubernetes&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x4F1A;&#x53D1;&#x73B0;&#x6709;&#x4E9B;&#x6539;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x7684;Pod&#x4E00;&#x76F4;&#x5904;&#x4E8E;Terminating&#x800C;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x88AB;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x6765;&#x5F3A;&#x5236;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x5B83;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><strong>&#x4E00;&#x3001;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;kubectl&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5F3A;&#x5236;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">kubectl delete pod <span class="token variable">$POD_ID</span> --force --grace-period<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x6709;&#x6548;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x606D;&#x559C;&#x4F60;&#xFF01;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4ECD;&#x7136;&#x65E0;&#x6548;&#x7684;&#x8BDD;&#xFF0C;&#x8BF7;&#x5C1D;&#x8BD5;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x79CD;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x4E8C;&#x3001;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x5220;&#x9664;etcd&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x6700;&#x66B4;&#x529B;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E0D;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;etcd&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x524D;&#x8BF7;&#x786E;&#x8BA4;&#x77E5;&#x9053;&#x4F60;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x505A;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x3002;</p>
</blockquote>
<p>&#x5047;&#x5982;&#x8981;&#x5220;&#x9664;<code>default</code> namespace&#x4E0B;&#x7684;pod&#x540D;&#x4E3A;<code>pod-to-be-deleted-0</code>&#xFF0C;&#x5728;etcd&#x6240;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x4E0A;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#xFF0C;&#x5220;&#x9664;etcd&#x4E2D;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#x7684;&#x8BE5;pod&#x7684;&#x5143;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token assign-left variable">ETCDCTL_API</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">3</span> etcdctl del /registry/pods/default/pod-to-be-deleted-0
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x65F6;API server&#x5C31;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x518D;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x8BE5;pod&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;etcdctl&#x67E5;&#x770B;etcd&#x4E2D;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x7684;kubernetes&#x5143;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x8BF7;&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#xFF1A;<a href="../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html">&#x4F7F;&#x7528;etcdctl&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;kubernetes&#x6570;&#x636E;</a></p>
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native思维导图","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"2.4.3"},{"backlink":"cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html#fig2.4.4","level":"2.4","list_caption":"Figure: 十二因素应用","alt":"十二因素应用","nro":5,"url":"../images/12-factor-app.png","index":4,"caption_template":"图 _PAGE_LEVEL_._PAGE_IMAGE_NUMBER_：_CAPTION_","label":"十二因素应用","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"2.4.4"},{"backlink":"cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html#fig2.4.5","level":"2.4","list_caption":"Figure: 容器生态","alt":"容器生态","nro":6,"url":"../images/container-ecosystem.png","index":5,"caption_template":"图 _PAGE_LEVEL_._PAGE_IMAGE_NUMBER_：_CAPTION_","label":"容器生态","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"2.4.5"},{"backlink":"cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html#fig2.4.6","level":"2.4","list_caption":"Figure: 使用Jenkins进行持续集成与发布流程图","alt":"使用Jenkins进行持续集成与发布流程图","nro":7,"url":"../images/kubernetes-jenkins-ci-cd.png","index":6,"caption_template":"图 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_PAGE_LEVEL_._PAGE_IMAGE_NUMBER_：_CAPTION_","label":"kibana界面","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"2.4.11"},{"backlink":"cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html#fig2.4.12","level":"2.4","list_caption":"Figure: Grafana界面示意图1","alt":"Grafana界面示意图1","nro":13,"url":"../images/kubernetes-devops-example-grafana-1.png","index":12,"caption_template":"图 _PAGE_LEVEL_._PAGE_IMAGE_NUMBER_：_CAPTION_","label":"Grafana界面示意图1","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"2.4.12"},{"backlink":"cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html#fig2.4.13","level":"2.4","list_caption":"Figure: Grafana界面示意图2","alt":"Grafana界面示意图2","nro":14,"url":"../images/kubernetes-devops-example-grafana-2.png","index":13,"caption_template":"图 _PAGE_LEVEL_._PAGE_IMAGE_NUMBER_：_CAPTION_","label":"Grafana界面示意图2","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"2.4.13"},{"backlink":"cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html#fig2.4.14","level":"2.4","list_caption":"Figure: 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