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<title>Label · Kubernetes Handbook - jimmysong.io</title>
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<a href="https://jimmysong.io" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Jimmy Song</a>
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="header">前言</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="../">
<a href="../">
<b>1.1.</b>
序言
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">云原生</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.1" data-path="../cloud-native/play-with-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/play-with-kubernetes.html">
<b>2.1.</b>
Play with Kubernetes
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.2" data-path="../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html">
<b>2.2.</b>
Kubernetes与云原生应用概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3" data-path="../cloud-native/from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html">
<b>2.3.</b>
云原生应用之路——从Kubernetes到Cloud Native
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">概念与原理</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="./">
<a href="./">
<b>3.1.</b>
Kubernetes架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.1" data-path="concepts.html">
<a href="concepts.html">
<b>3.1.1.</b>
设计理念
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2" data-path="etcd.html">
<a href="etcd.html">
<b>3.1.2.</b>
Etcd解析
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.3" data-path="open-interfaces.html">
<a href="open-interfaces.html">
<b>3.1.3.</b>
开放接口
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.3.1" data-path="cri.html">
<a href="cri.html">
<b>3.1.3.1.</b>
CRI - Container Runtime Interface（容器运行时接口）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.3.2" data-path="cni.html">
<a href="cni.html">
<b>3.1.3.2.</b>
CNI - Container Network Interface（容器网络接口）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.3.3" data-path="csi.html">
<a href="csi.html">
<b>3.1.3.3.</b>
CSI - Container Storage Interface（容器存储接口）
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.4" data-path="networking.html">
<a href="networking.html">
<b>3.1.4.</b>
Kubernetes中的网络解析——以flannel为例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.5" data-path="calico.html">
<a href="calico.html">
<b>3.1.5.</b>
Kubernetes中的网络解析——以calico为例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6" data-path="objects.html">
<a href="objects.html">
<b>3.1.6.</b>
资源对象与基本概念解析
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.1" data-path="pod-state-and-lifecycle.html">
<a href="pod-state-and-lifecycle.html">
<b>3.1.6.1.</b>
Pod状态与生命周期管理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.2" data-path="pod-overview.html">
<a href="pod-overview.html">
<b>3.1.6.2.</b>
Pod概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.3" data-path="pod.html">
<a href="pod.html">
<b>3.1.6.3.</b>
Pod解析
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.4" data-path="init-containers.html">
<a href="init-containers.html">
<b>3.1.6.4.</b>
Init容器
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.5" data-path="pod-security-policy.html">
<a href="pod-security-policy.html">
<b>3.1.6.5.</b>
Pod安全策略
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.6" data-path="pod-lifecycle.html">
<a href="pod-lifecycle.html">
<b>3.1.6.6.</b>
Pod的生命周期
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.7" data-path="pod-hook.html">
<a href="pod-hook.html">
<b>3.1.6.7.</b>
Pod Hook
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.8" data-path="pod-preset.html">
<a href="pod-preset.html">
<b>3.1.6.8.</b>
Pod Preset
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.6.9" data-path="pod-disruption-budget.html">
<a href="pod-disruption-budget.html">
<b>3.1.6.9.</b>
Pod中断与PDB（Pod中断预算）
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.7" data-path="cluster.html">
<a href="cluster.html">
<b>3.1.7.</b>
集群配置
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.7.1" data-path="node.html">
<a href="node.html">
<b>3.1.7.1.</b>
Node
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.7.2" data-path="namespace.html">
<a href="namespace.html">
<b>3.1.7.2.</b>
Namespace
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter active" data-level="3.1.7.3" data-path="label.html">
<a href="label.html">
<b>3.1.7.3.</b>
Label
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.7.4" data-path="annotation.html">
<a href="annotation.html">
<b>3.1.7.4.</b>
Annotation
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.7.5" data-path="taint-and-toleration.html">
<a href="taint-and-toleration.html">
<b>3.1.7.5.</b>
Taint和Toleration（污点和容忍）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.7.6" data-path="garbage-collection.html">
<a href="garbage-collection.html">
<b>3.1.7.6.</b>
垃圾收集
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.8" data-path="controllers.html">
<a href="controllers.html">
<b>3.1.8.</b>
控制器
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.8.1" data-path="deployment.html">
<a href="deployment.html">
<b>3.1.8.1.</b>
Deployment
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.8.2" data-path="statefulset.html">
<a href="statefulset.html">
<b>3.1.8.2.</b>
StatefulSet
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.8.3" data-path="daemonset.html">
<a href="daemonset.html">
<b>3.1.8.3.</b>
DaemonSet
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.8.4" data-path="replicaset.html">
<a href="replicaset.html">
<b>3.1.8.4.</b>
ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.8.5" data-path="job.html">
<a href="job.html">
<b>3.1.8.5.</b>
Job
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.8.6" data-path="cronjob.html">
<a href="cronjob.html">
<b>3.1.8.6.</b>
CronJob
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.8.7" data-path="horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
<a href="horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
<b>3.1.8.7.</b>
Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.8.7.1" data-path="custom-metrics-hpa.html">
<a href="custom-metrics-hpa.html">
<b>3.1.8.7.1.</b>
自定义指标HPA
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.9" data-path="service-discovery.html">
<a href="service-discovery.html">
<b>3.1.9.</b>
服务发现
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.9.1" data-path="service.html">
<a href="service.html">
<b>3.1.9.1.</b>
Service
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.9.2" data-path="ingress.html">
<a href="ingress.html">
<b>3.1.9.2.</b>
Ingress
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.9.2.1" data-path="traefik-ingress-controller.html">
<a href="traefik-ingress-controller.html">
<b>3.1.9.2.1.</b>
Traefik Ingress Controller
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.10" data-path="authentication-and-permission.html">
<a href="authentication-and-permission.html">
<b>3.1.10.</b>
身份与权限控制
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.10.1" data-path="serviceaccount.html">
<a href="serviceaccount.html">
<b>3.1.10.1.</b>
ServiceAccount
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.10.2" data-path="rbac.html">
<a href="rbac.html">
<b>3.1.10.2.</b>
RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.10.3" data-path="network-policy.html">
<a href="network-policy.html">
<b>3.1.10.3.</b>
NetworkPolicy
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.11" data-path="storage.html">
<a href="storage.html">
<b>3.1.11.</b>
存储
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.11.1" data-path="secret.html">
<a href="secret.html">
<b>3.1.11.1.</b>
Secret
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.11.2" data-path="configmap.html">
<a href="configmap.html">
<b>3.1.11.2.</b>
ConfigMap
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.11.2.1" data-path="configmap-hot-update.html">
<a href="configmap-hot-update.html">
<b>3.1.11.2.1.</b>
ConfigMap的热更新
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.11.3" data-path="volume.html">
<a href="volume.html">
<b>3.1.11.3.</b>
Volume
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.11.4" data-path="persistent-volume.html">
<a href="persistent-volume.html">
<b>3.1.11.4.</b>
Persistent Volume（持久化卷）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.11.5" data-path="storageclass.html">
<a href="storageclass.html">
<b>3.1.11.5.</b>
Storage Class
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.12" data-path="extension.html">
<a href="extension.html">
<b>3.1.12.</b>
扩展
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.12.1" data-path="custom-resource.html">
<a href="custom-resource.html">
<b>3.1.12.1.</b>
使用自定义资源扩展API
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.12.2" data-path="aggregated-api-server.html">
<a href="aggregated-api-server.html">
<b>3.1.12.2.</b>
Aggregated API Server
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.12.3" data-path="apiservice.html">
<a href="apiservice.html">
<b>3.1.12.3.</b>
APIService
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">用户指南</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="../guide/">
<a href="../guide/">
<b>4.1.</b>
用户指南
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2" data-path="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
<a href="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
<b>4.2.</b>
资源对象配置
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.1" data-path="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
<a href="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
<b>4.2.1.</b>
配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.2" data-path="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
<a href="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
<b>4.2.2.</b>
配置Pod的Service Account
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.3" data-path="../guide/secret-configuration.html">
<a href="../guide/secret-configuration.html">
<b>4.2.3.</b>
Secret配置
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.4" data-path="../guide/resource-quota-management.html">
<a href="../guide/resource-quota-management.html">
<b>4.2.4.</b>
管理namespace中的资源配额
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3" data-path="../guide/command-usage.html">
<a href="../guide/command-usage.html">
<b>4.3.</b>
命令使用
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.1" data-path="../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
<a href="../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
<b>4.3.1.</b>
docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.2" data-path="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
<a href="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
<b>4.3.2.</b>
kubectl命令概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.3" data-path="../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html">
<a href="../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html">
<b>4.3.3.</b>
kubectl命令技巧大全
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.4" data-path="../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html">
<a href="../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html">
<b>4.3.4.</b>
使用etcdctl访问kubernetes数据
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4" data-path="../guide/cluster-security-management.html">
<a href="../guide/cluster-security-management.html">
<b>4.4.</b>
集群安全性管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.1" data-path="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
<b>4.4.1.</b>
管理集群中的TLS
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.2" data-path="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
<a href="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
<b>4.4.2.</b>
kubelet的认证授权
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.3" data-path="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
<a href="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
<b>4.4.3.</b>
TLS bootstrap
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.4" data-path="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
<a href="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
<b>4.4.4.</b>
创建用户认证授权的kubeconfig文件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.5" data-path="../guide/ip-masq-agent.html">
<a href="../guide/ip-masq-agent.html">
<b>4.4.5.</b>
IP伪装代理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.6" data-path="../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html">
<a href="../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html">
<b>4.4.6.</b>
使用kubeconfig或token进行用户身份认证
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.7" data-path="../guide/authentication.html">
<a href="../guide/authentication.html">
<b>4.4.7.</b>
Kubernetes中的用户与身份认证授权
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5" data-path="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
<b>4.5.</b>
访问Kubernetes集群
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1" data-path="../guide/access-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/access-cluster.html">
<b>4.5.1.</b>
访问集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.2" data-path="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
<a href="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
<b>4.5.2.</b>
使用kubeconfig文件配置跨集群认证
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.3" data-path="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
<a href="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
<b>4.5.3.</b>
通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.4" data-path="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
<b>4.5.4.</b>
使用service访问群集中的应用程序
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.5" data-path="../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html">
<b>4.5.5.</b>
从外部访问Kubernetes中的Pod
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.6" data-path="../guide/cabin-mobile-dashboard-for-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../guide/cabin-mobile-dashboard-for-kubernetes.html">
<b>4.5.6.</b>
Cabin - Kubernetes手机客户端
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.7" data-path="../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html">
<a href="../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html">
<b>4.5.7.</b>
Kubernetic - Kubernetes桌面客户端
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.8" data-path="../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html">
<a href="../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html">
<b>4.5.8.</b>
Kubernator - 更底层的Kubernetes UI
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6" data-path="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
<a href="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
<b>4.6.</b>
在Kubernetes中开发部署应用
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.1" data-path="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
<b>4.6.1.</b>
适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.2" data-path="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
<b>4.6.2.</b>
迁移传统应用到Kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.3" data-path="../guide/using-statefulset.html">
<a href="../guide/using-statefulset.html">
<b>4.6.3.</b>
使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">最佳实践</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="../practice/">
<a href="../practice/">
<b>5.1.</b>
最佳实践概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2" data-path="../practice/install-kubernetes-on-centos.html">
<a href="../practice/install-kubernetes-on-centos.html">
<b>5.2.</b>
在CentOS上部署Kubernetes集群
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.1" data-path="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
<a href="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
<b>5.2.1.</b>
创建TLS证书和秘钥
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.2" data-path="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
<a href="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
<b>5.2.2.</b>
创建kubeconfig文件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.3" data-path="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
<b>5.2.3.</b>
创建高可用etcd集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.4" data-path="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
<b>5.2.4.</b>
安装kubectl命令行工具
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.5" data-path="../practice/master-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/master-installation.html">
<b>5.2.5.</b>
部署master节点
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.6" data-path="../practice/flannel-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/flannel-installation.html">
<b>5.2.6.</b>
安装flannel网络插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.7" data-path="../practice/node-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/node-installation.html">
<b>5.2.7.</b>
部署node节点
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.8" data-path="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
<b>5.2.8.</b>
安装kubedns插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.9" data-path="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
<b>5.2.9.</b>
安装dashboard插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.10" data-path="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
<b>5.2.10.</b>
安装heapster插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.11" data-path="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
<b>5.2.11.</b>
安装EFK插件
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3" data-path="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
<a href="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
<b>5.3.</b>
服务发现与负载均衡
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.1" data-path="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
<b>5.3.1.</b>
安装Traefik ingress
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.2" data-path="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
<a href="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
<b>5.3.2.</b>
分布式负载测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.3" data-path="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
<a href="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
<b>5.3.3.</b>
网络和集群性能测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.4" data-path="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
<a href="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
<b>5.3.4.</b>
边缘节点配置
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.5" data-path="../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html">
<b>5.3.5.</b>
安装Nginx ingress
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.6" data-path="../practice/configuring-dns.html">
<a href="../practice/configuring-dns.html">
<b>5.3.6.</b>
配置内置DNS（kube-dns）
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4" data-path="../practice/operation.html">
<a href="../practice/operation.html">
<b>5.4.</b>
运维管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.1" data-path="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
<a href="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
<b>5.4.1.</b>
服务滚动升级
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.2" data-path="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
<a href="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
<b>5.4.2.</b>
应用日志收集
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.3" data-path="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
<a href="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
<b>5.4.3.</b>
配置最佳实践
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.4" data-path="../practice/monitor.html">
<a href="../practice/monitor.html">
<b>5.4.4.</b>
集群及应用监控
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.5" data-path="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
<a href="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
<b>5.4.5.</b>
数据持久化问题
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.6" data-path="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
<a href="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
<b>5.4.6.</b>
管理容器的计算资源
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5" data-path="../practice/storage.html">
<a href="../practice/storage.html">
<b>5.5.</b>
存储管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.1" data-path="../practice/glusterfs.html">
<a href="../practice/glusterfs.html">
<b>5.5.1.</b>
GlusterFS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>5.5.1.1.</b>
使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.1.2" data-path="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
<a href="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
<b>5.5.1.2.</b>
在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.2" data-path="../practice/cephfs.html">
<a href="../practice/cephfs.html">
<b>5.5.2.</b>
CephFS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.2.1" data-path="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>5.5.2.1.</b>
使用Ceph做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.3" data-path="../practice/openebs.html">
<a href="../practice/openebs.html">
<b>5.5.3.</b>
OpenEBS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.3.1" data-path="../practice/using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>5.5.3.1.</b>
使用OpenEBS做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6" data-path="../practice/monitoring.html">
<a href="../practice/monitoring.html">
<b>5.6.</b>
集群与应用监控
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.1" data-path="../practice/heapster.html">
<a href="../practice/heapster.html">
<b>5.6.1.</b>
Heapster
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
<a href="../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
<b>5.6.1.1.</b>
使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.2" data-path="../practice/prometheus.html">
<a href="../practice/prometheus.html">
<b>5.6.2.</b>
Prometheus
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.2.1" data-path="../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
<a href="../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
<b>5.6.2.1.</b>
使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.7" data-path="../practice/services-management-tool.html">
<a href="../practice/services-management-tool.html">
<b>5.7.</b>
服务编排管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.7.1" data-path="../practice/helm.html">
<a href="../practice/helm.html">
<b>5.7.1.</b>
使用Helm管理kubernetes应用
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.7.2" data-path="../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html">
<a href="../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html">
<b>5.7.2.</b>
构建私有Chart仓库
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.8" data-path="../practice/ci-cd.html">
<a href="../practice/ci-cd.html">
<b>5.8.</b>
持续集成与发布
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.8.1" data-path="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
<a href="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
<b>5.8.1.</b>
使用Jenkins进行持续集成与发布
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.8.2" data-path="../practice/drone-ci-cd.html">
<a href="../practice/drone-ci-cd.html">
<b>5.8.2.</b>
使用Drone进行持续集成与发布
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.9" data-path="../practice/update-and-upgrade.html">
<a href="../practice/update-and-upgrade.html">
<b>5.9.</b>
更新与升级
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.9.1" data-path="../practice/manually-upgrade.html">
<a href="../practice/manually-upgrade.html">
<b>5.9.1.</b>
手动升级Kubernetes集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.9.2" data-path="../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html">
<a href="../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html">
<b>5.9.2.</b>
升级dashboard
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">领域应用</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.1" data-path="../usecases/">
<a href="../usecases/">
<b>6.1.</b>
领域应用概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2" data-path="../usecases/microservices.html">
<a href="../usecases/microservices.html">
<b>6.2.</b>
微服务架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.1" data-path="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
<b>6.2.1.</b>
微服务中的服务发现
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
<b>6.3.</b>
Service Mesh 服务网格
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.1" data-path="../usecases/istio.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio.html">
<b>6.3.1.</b>
Istio
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.1.1" data-path="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
<b>6.3.1.1.</b>
安装并试用Istio service mesh
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.1.2" data-path="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
<a href="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
<b>6.3.1.2.</b>
配置请求的路由规则
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.1.3" data-path="../usecases/install-and-expand-istio-mesh.html">
<a href="../usecases/install-and-expand-istio-mesh.html">
<b>6.3.1.3.</b>
安装和拓展Istio service mesh
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.1.4" data-path="../usecases/integrating-vms.html">
<a href="../usecases/integrating-vms.html">
<b>6.3.1.4.</b>
集成虚拟机
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.2" data-path="../usecases/linkerd.html">
<a href="../usecases/linkerd.html">
<b>6.3.2.</b>
Linkerd
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.2.1" data-path="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
<a href="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
<b>6.3.2.1.</b>
Linkerd 使用指南
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.3" data-path="../usecases/conduit.html">
<a href="../usecases/conduit.html">
<b>6.3.3.</b>
Conduit
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.3.1" data-path="../usecases/conduit-overview.html">
<a href="../usecases/conduit-overview.html">
<b>6.3.3.1.</b>
Condiut概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.3.2" data-path="../usecases/conduit-installation.html">
<a href="../usecases/conduit-installation.html">
<b>6.3.3.2.</b>
安装Conduit
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4" data-path="../usecases/big-data.html">
<a href="../usecases/big-data.html">
<b>6.4.</b>
大数据
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.1" data-path="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
<b>6.4.1.</b>
Spark standalone on Kubernetes
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.2" data-path="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
<a href="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
<b>6.4.2.</b>
运行支持Kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5" data-path="../usecases/serverless.html">
<a href="../usecases/serverless.html">
<b>6.5.</b>
Serverless架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.1" data-path="../usecases/understanding-serverless.html">
<a href="../usecases/understanding-serverless.html">
<b>6.5.1.</b>
理解Serverless
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.2" data-path="../usecases/faas.html">
<a href="../usecases/faas.html">
<b>6.5.2.</b>
FaaS-函数即服务
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.2.1" data-path="../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html">
<a href="../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html">
<b>6.5.2.1.</b>
OpenFaaS快速入门指南
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6" data-path="../usecases/edge-computing.html">
<a href="../usecases/edge-computing.html">
<b>6.6.</b>
边缘计算
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">开发指南</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.1" data-path="../develop/">
<a href="../develop/">
<b>7.1.</b>
开发指南概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2" data-path="../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html">
<a href="../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html">
<b>7.2.</b>
SIG和工作组
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3" data-path="../develop/developing-environment.html">
<a href="../develop/developing-environment.html">
<b>7.3.</b>
开发环境搭建
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4" data-path="../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html">
<a href="../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html">
<b>7.4.</b>
本地分布式开发环境搭建（使用Vagrant和Virtualbox）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.5" data-path="../develop/testing.html">
<a href="../develop/testing.html">
<b>7.5.</b>
单元测试和集成测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.6" data-path="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
<a href="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
<b>7.6.</b>
client-go示例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.7" data-path="../develop/operator.html">
<a href="../develop/operator.html">
<b>7.7.</b>
Operator
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.8" data-path="../develop/advance-developer.html">
<a href="../develop/advance-developer.html">
<b>7.8.</b>
高级开发指南
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.9" data-path="../develop/contribute.html">
<a href="../develop/contribute.html">
<b>7.9.</b>
社区贡献
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.10" data-path="../develop/minikube.html">
<a href="../develop/minikube.html">
<b>7.10.</b>
Minikube
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">附录</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.1" data-path="../appendix/">
<a href="../appendix/">
<b>8.1.</b>
附录说明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2" data-path="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
<a href="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
<b>8.2.</b>
Kubernetes中的应用故障排查
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3" data-path="../appendix/material-share.html">
<a href="../appendix/material-share.html">
<b>8.3.</b>
Kubernetes相关资讯和情报链接
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4" data-path="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
<a href="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
<b>8.4.</b>
Docker最佳实践
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.5" data-path="../appendix/tricks.html">
<a href="../appendix/tricks.html">
<b>8.5.</b>
使用技巧
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.6" data-path="../appendix/issues.html">
<a href="../appendix/issues.html">
<b>8.6.</b>
问题记录
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.7" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-changelog.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-changelog.html">
<b>8.7.</b>
Kubernetes版本更新日志
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.7.1" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-1.7-changelog.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-1.7-changelog.html">
<b>8.7.1.</b>
Kubernetes1.7更新日志
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.7.2" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-1.8-changelog.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-1.8-changelog.html">
<b>8.7.2.</b>
Kubernetes1.8更新日志
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.7.3" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-1.9-changelog.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-1.9-changelog.html">
<b>8.7.3.</b>
Kubernetes1.9更新日志
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.8" data-path="../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html">
<a href="../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html">
<b>8.8.</b>
Kubernetes及云原生年度总结及展望
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.8.1" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html">
<b>8.8.1.</b>
Kubernetes与云原生2017年年终总结及2018年展望
</a>
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<h1 id="label">Label</h1>
<p>Label&#x662F;&#x9644;&#x7740;&#x5230;object&#x4E0A;&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;Pod&#xFF09;&#x7684;&#x952E;&#x503C;&#x5BF9;&#x3002;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;object&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;object&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x540E;&#x968F;&#x65F6;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x3002;Labels&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x5BF9;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x672C;&#x8EAB;&#x5E76;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x542B;&#x4E49;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x5BF9;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x624D;&#x6709;&#x610F;&#x4E49;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-json"><span class="hljs-string">&quot;labels&quot;</span>: {
<span class="hljs-string">&quot;key1&quot;</span> : <span class="hljs-string">&quot;value1&quot;</span>,
<span class="hljs-string">&quot;key2&quot;</span> : <span class="hljs-string">&quot;value2&quot;</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>Kubernetes&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x5C06;&#x5BF9;labels&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x7D22;&#x5F15;&#x548C;&#x53CD;&#x5411;&#x7D22;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x4F18;&#x5316;&#x67E5;&#x8BE2;&#x548C;watch&#xFF0C;&#x5728;UI&#x548C;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x884C;&#x4E2D;&#x4F1A;&#x5BF9;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x6392;&#x5E8F;&#x3002;&#x4E0D;&#x8981;&#x5728;label&#x4E2D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5927;&#x578B;&#x3001;&#x975E;&#x6807;&#x8BC6;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x5316;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x8BB0;&#x5F55;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x7528;annotation&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="&#x52A8;&#x673A;">&#x52A8;&#x673A;</h2>
<p>Label&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x5C06;&#x7EC4;&#x7EC7;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x6620;&#x5C04;&#x5230;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x4E0A;&#xFF08;&#x5C31;&#x50CF;&#x662F;&#x5EB7;&#x5A01;&#x5B9A;&#x5F8B;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x66F4;&#x4FBF;&#x4E8E;&#x5FAE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7ED9;object&#x6253;&#x4E0A;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;label&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li><code>&quot;release&quot; : &quot;stable&quot;</code>, <code>&quot;release&quot; : &quot;canary&quot;</code></li>
<li><code>&quot;environment&quot; : &quot;dev&quot;</code>, <code>&quot;environment&quot; : &quot;qa&quot;</code>, <code>&quot;environment&quot; : &quot;production&quot;</code></li>
<li><code>&quot;tier&quot; : &quot;frontend&quot;</code>, <code>&quot;tier&quot; : &quot;backend&quot;</code>, <code>&quot;tier&quot; : &quot;cache&quot;</code></li>
<li><code>&quot;partition&quot; : &quot;customerA&quot;</code>, <code>&quot;partition&quot; : &quot;customerB&quot;</code></li>
<li><code>&quot;track&quot; : &quot;daily&quot;</code>, <code>&quot;track&quot; : &quot;weekly&quot;</code></li>
<li><code>&quot;team&quot; : &quot;teamA&quot;</code>,<code>&quot;team:&quot; : &quot;teamB&quot;</code></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x548C;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x96C6;">&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x548C;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x96C6;</h2>
<p>Label key&#x7684;&#x7EC4;&#x6210;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>&#x4E0D;&#x5F97;&#x8D85;&#x8FC7;63&#x4E2A;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;</li>
<li>&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x524D;&#x7F00;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;/&#x5206;&#x9694;&#xFF0C;&#x524D;&#x7F00;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x662F;DNS&#x5B50;&#x57DF;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x5F97;&#x8D85;&#x8FC7;253&#x4E2A;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#xFF0C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x5316;&#x7EC4;&#x4EF6;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7684;label&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x524D;&#x7F00;&#xFF0C;<code>kubernetes.io/</code>&#x7531;kubernetes&#x4FDD;&#x7559;</li>
<li>&#x8D77;&#x59CB;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x662F;&#x5B57;&#x6BCD;&#xFF08;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#x5199;&#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#xFF09;&#x6216;&#x6570;&#x5B57;&#xFF0C;&#x4E2D;&#x95F4;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6709;&#x8FDE;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x3001;&#x4E0B;&#x5212;&#x7EBF;&#x548C;&#x70B9;</li>
</ul>
<p>Label value&#x7684;&#x7EC4;&#x6210;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>&#x4E0D;&#x5F97;&#x8D85;&#x8FC7;63&#x4E2A;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;</li>
<li>&#x8D77;&#x59CB;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x662F;&#x5B57;&#x6BCD;&#xFF08;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#x5199;&#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#xFF09;&#x6216;&#x6570;&#x5B57;&#xFF0C;&#x4E2D;&#x95F4;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6709;&#x8FDE;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x3001;&#x4E0B;&#x5212;&#x7EBF;&#x548C;&#x70B9;</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="label-selector">Label selector</h2>
<p>Label&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x552F;&#x4E00;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x5F88;&#x591A;object&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x6709;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;label&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x901A;&#x8FC7;label selector&#xFF0C;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#xFF0F;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;object&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;label selector&#x5BF9;object&#x7684;&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Label selector&#x6709;&#x4E24;&#x79CD;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li><em>equality-based</em> &#xFF1A;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>=</code>&#x3001;<code>==</code>&#x3001;<code>!=</code>&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7B26;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x9017;&#x53F7;&#x5206;&#x9694;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;</li>
<li><em>set-based</em> &#xFF1A;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>in</code>&#x3001;<code>notin</code>&#x3001;<code>!</code>&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7B26;&#xFF0C;&#x53E6;&#x5916;&#x8FD8;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7B26;&#xFF0C;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x5199;&#x51FA;&#x67D0;&#x4E2A;label&#x7684;key&#xFF0C;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x8FC7;&#x6EE4;&#x6709;&#x67D0;&#x4E2A;key&#x7684;object&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x7BA1;&#x8BE5;key&#x7684;value&#x662F;&#x4F55;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;<code>!</code>&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x8BE5;label&#x7684;object</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="&#x793A;&#x4F8B;">&#x793A;&#x4F8B;</h2>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ kubectl get pods <span class="hljs-_">-l</span> environment=production,tier=frontend
$ kubectl get pods <span class="hljs-_">-l</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;environment in (production),tier in (frontend)&apos;</span>
$ kubectl get pods <span class="hljs-_">-l</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;environment in (production, qa)&apos;</span>
$ kubectl get pods <span class="hljs-_">-l</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;environment,environment notin (frontend)&apos;</span>
</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#x5728;api-object&#x4E2D;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;label-selector">&#x5728;API object&#x4E2D;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;label selector</h2>
<p>&#x5728;<code>service</code>&#x3001;<code>replicationcontroller</code>&#x7B49;object&#x4E2D;&#x6709;&#x5BF9;pod&#x7684;label selector&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x53EA;&#x80FD;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7B49;&#x4E8E;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">selector:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> component:</span> redis
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5728;<code>Job</code>&#x3001;<code>Deployment</code>&#x3001;<code>ReplicaSet</code>&#x548C;<code>DaemonSet</code>&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;object&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x652F;&#x6301;<em>set-based</em>&#x7684;&#x8FC7;&#x6EE4;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">selector:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> matchLabels:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> component:</span> redis
<span class="hljs-attr"> matchExpressions:</span>
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> {key: tier, operator: In, values: [cache]}
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> {key: environment, operator: NotIn, values: [dev]}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5982;Service&#x901A;&#x8FC7;label selector&#x5C06;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;pod&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;expose&#x51FA;&#x6765;&#x3002;</p>
<figure id="fig3.1.7.3.1"><img src="../images/labels.png" alt="label&#x793A;&#x610F;&#x56FE;"><figcaption>&#x56FE;&#x7247; - label&#x793A;&#x610F;&#x56FE;</figcaption></figure>
<p>&#x53E6;&#x5916;&#x5728;node affinity&#x548C;pod affinity&#x4E2D;&#x7684;label selector&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x53C8;&#x6709;&#x4E9B;&#x8BB8;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#xFF0C;&#x793A;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Yaml"><span class="hljs-attr"> affinity:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> nodeAffinity:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> nodeSelectorTerms:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> - matchExpressions:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> - key:</span> kubernetes.io/e2e-az-name
<span class="hljs-attr"> operator:</span> In
<span class="hljs-attr"> values:</span>
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> e2e-az1
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> e2e-az2
<span class="hljs-attr"> preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> - weight:</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> preference:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> matchExpressions:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> - key:</span> another-node-label-key
<span class="hljs-attr"> operator:</span> In
<span class="hljs-attr"> values:</span>
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> another-node-label-value
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8BE6;&#x89C1;<a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes.github.io/tree/master/docs/user-guide/node-selection" target="_blank">node selection</a>&#x3002; </p>
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