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序言
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1. Kubernetes与云原生应用概览
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.1" data-path="pod-overview.html">
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<a href="pod-overview.html">
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2.2.1 Pod
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<a href="pod.html">
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.1.2" data-path="init-containers.html">
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<a href="init-containers.html">
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.1.3" data-path="pod-security-policy.html">
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<a href="pod-security-policy.html">
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.1.4" data-path="pod-lifecycle.html">
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<a href="pod-lifecycle.html">
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.2" data-path="node.html">
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<a href="node.html">
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2.2.2 Node
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.3" data-path="namespace.html">
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<a href="namespace.html">
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2.2.3 Namespace
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.4" data-path="service.html">
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<a href="service.html">
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2.2.4 Service
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.5" data-path="volume.html">
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<a href="volume.html">
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.6" data-path="deployment.html">
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<a href="deployment.html">
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2.2.6 Deployment
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.7" data-path="secret.html">
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<a href="secret.html">
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2.2.7 Secret
|
||
|
||
</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter active" data-level="1.3.2.8" data-path="statefulset.html">
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<a href="statefulset.html">
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.9" data-path="daemonset.html">
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<a href="daemonset.html">
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.10" data-path="serviceaccount.html">
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<a href="serviceaccount.html">
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.11" data-path="replicaset.html">
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<a href="replicaset.html">
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.12" data-path="job.html">
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<a href="job.html">
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2.2.12 Job
|
||
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.13" data-path="cronjob.html">
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<a href="cronjob.html">
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2.2.13 CronJob
|
||
|
||
</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.14" data-path="ingress.html">
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<a href="ingress.html">
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2.2.14 Ingress
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.15" data-path="configmap.html">
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<a href="configmap.html">
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
|
||
|
||
</a>
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
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||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.16" data-path="horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
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||
|
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<a href="horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
|
||
|
||
|
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.17" data-path="label.html">
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<a href="label.html">
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2.2.17 Label
|
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|
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</a>
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||
|
||
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</li>
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.18" data-path="garbage-collection.html">
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<a href="garbage-collection.html">
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||
|
||
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
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||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.19" data-path="network-policy.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="network-policy.html">
|
||
|
||
|
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
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||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
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</li>
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|
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||
</ul>
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</li>
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="../guide/">
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<a href="../guide/">
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3. 用户指南
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
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<ul class="articles">
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||
|
||
|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1" data-path="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
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<a href="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
|
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3.1 资源对象配置
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.1" data-path="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.2" data-path="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.3" data-path="../guide/secret-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/secret-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.1.3 Secret配置
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.4" data-path="../guide/resource-quota-management.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/resource-quota-management.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.2.3 管理namespace中的资源配额
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2" data-path="../guide/command-usage.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/command-usage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.2 命令使用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.1" data-path="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.2.1 使用kubectl
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.2" data-path="../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.2.2 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3" data-path="../guide/cluster-security-management.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/cluster-security-management.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3 集群安全性管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.1" data-path="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.2" data-path="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.3" data-path="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.4" data-path="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.5" data-path="../guide/rbac.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/rbac.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.6" data-path="../guide/ip-masq-agent.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/ip-masq-agent.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.6 IP伪装代理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4" data-path="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1" data-path="../guide/access-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/access-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.1 访问集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.2" data-path="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.3" data-path="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.4" data-path="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5" data-path="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.1" data-path="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5.2" data-path="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="../practice/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4. 最佳实践
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1" data-path="../practice/install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1" data-path="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2" data-path="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.3" data-path="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.4" data-path="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.5" data-path="../practice/master-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/master-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.5 部署master节点
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.6" data-path="../practice/node-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/node-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.6 部署node节点
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.7" data-path="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.8" data-path="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.9" data-path="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.9 安装heapster插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.10" data-path="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.10 安装EFK插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2" data-path="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1" data-path="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.2" data-path="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.2 分布式负载测试
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.3" data-path="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.4" data-path="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.4 边缘节点配置
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3" data-path="../practice/operation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/operation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3 运维管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.1" data-path="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.1 服务滚动升级
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.2" data-path="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.2 应用日志收集
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.3" data-path="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.3 配置最佳实践
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.4" data-path="../practice/monitor.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/monitor.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.4 集群及应用监控
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.5" data-path="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.6" data-path="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.6 数据持久化问题
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.7" data-path="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.8" data-path="../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.8 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.9" data-path="../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.9 使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.10" data-path="../practice/manually-upgrade.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/manually-upgrade.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.10 手动集群升级
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4" data-path="../practice/storage.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/storage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4 存储管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.1" data-path="../practice/glusterfs.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/glusterfs.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.1 GlusterFS
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.1.2" data-path="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.2" data-path="../practice/cephfs.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/cephfs.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.2 CephFS
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4.2.1" data-path="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5" data-path="../practice/services-management-tool.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/services-management-tool.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.5 服务编排管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.5.1" data-path="../practice/helm.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/helm.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.5.1 Helm
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="../usecases/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5. 领域应用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.1" data-path="../usecases/microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1 微服务架构
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.1.1" data-path="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1 微服务中的服务发现
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2 Service Mesh 服务网格
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2.1" data-path="../usecases/istio.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/istio.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1 Istio
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2.1.1" data-path="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1.1 安装istio
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2.1.2" data-path="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2.2" data-path="../usecases/linkerd.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/linkerd.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.2 Linkerd
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2.2.1" data-path="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3" data-path="../usecases/big-data.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/big-data.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2 大数据
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3.1" data-path="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3.2" data-path="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.4" data-path="../usecases/serverless.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/serverless.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.3 Serverless架构
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="../develop/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6. 开发指南
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.1" data-path="../develop/developing-environment.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/developing-environment.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.1 开发环境搭建
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.2" data-path="../develop/testing.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/testing.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.2 单元测试和集成测试
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.3" data-path="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.3 client-go示例
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.4" data-path="../develop/contribute.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/contribute.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.4 社区贡献
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8" data-path="../appendix/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7. 附录
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.1" data-path="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.1 Docker最佳实践
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.2" data-path="../appendix/issues.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/issues.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.2 问题记录
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.3" data-path="../appendix/tricks.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/tricks.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.3 使用技巧
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.4" data-path="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.4 kubernetes service中的故障排查
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.5" data-path="../appendix/material-share.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/material-share.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.5 Kubernetes相关资讯和情报链接
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="divider"></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.gitbook.com" target="blank" class="gitbook-link">
|
||
本书使用 GitBook 发布
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="book-body">
|
||
|
||
<div class="body-inner">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="book-header" role="navigation">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Title -->
|
||
<h1>
|
||
<i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i>
|
||
<a href=".." >2.2.8 StatefulSet</a>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="page-wrapper" tabindex="-1" role="main">
|
||
<div class="page-inner">
|
||
|
||
<div class="search-plus" id="book-search-results">
|
||
<div class="search-noresults">
|
||
|
||
<section class="normal markdown-section">
|
||
|
||
<h1 id="statefulset">StatefulSet</h1>
|
||
<p>StatefulSet 作为 Controller 为 Pod 提供唯一的标识。它可以保证部署和 scale 的顺序。</p>
|
||
<p>使用案例参考：<a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/contrib/tree/master/statefulsets" target="_blank">kubernetes contrib - statefulsets</a>，其中包含zookeeper和kakfa的statefulset设置和使用说明。</p>
|
||
<p>StatefulSet是为了解决有状态服务的问题（对应Deployments和ReplicaSets是为无状态服务而设计），其应用场景包括：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>稳定的持久化存储，即Pod重新调度后还是能访问到相同的持久化数据，基于PVC来实现</li>
|
||
<li>稳定的网络标志，即Pod重新调度后其PodName和HostName不变，基于Headless Service（即没有Cluster IP的Service）来实现</li>
|
||
<li>有序部署，有序扩展，即Pod是有顺序的，在部署或者扩展的时候要依据定义的顺序依次依次进行（即从0到N-1，在下一个Pod运行之前所有之前的Pod必须都是Running和Ready状态），基于init containers来实现</li>
|
||
<li>有序收缩，有序删除（即从N-1到0）</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>从上面的应用场景可以发现，StatefulSet由以下几个部分组成：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>用于定义网络标志（DNS domain）的Headless Service</li>
|
||
<li>用于创建PersistentVolumes的volumeClaimTemplates</li>
|
||
<li>定义具体应用的StatefulSet</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>StatefulSet中每个Pod的DNS格式为<code>statefulSetName-{0..N-1}.serviceName.namespace.svc.cluster.local</code>，其中</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>serviceName</code>为Headless Service的名字</li>
|
||
<li><code>0..N-1</code>为Pod所在的序号，从0开始到N-1</li>
|
||
<li><code>statefulSetName</code>为StatefulSet的名字</li>
|
||
<li><code>namespace</code>为服务所在的namespace，Headless Servic和StatefulSet必须在相同的namespace</li>
|
||
<li><code>.cluster.local</code>为Cluster Domain</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="使用-statefulset">使用 StatefulSet</h2>
|
||
<p>StatefulSet 适用于有以下某个或多个需求的应用：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>稳定，唯一的网络标志。</li>
|
||
<li>稳定，持久化存储。</li>
|
||
<li>有序，优雅地部署和 scale。</li>
|
||
<li>有序，优雅地删除和终止。</li>
|
||
<li>有序，自动的滚动升级。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>在上文中，稳定是 Pod （重新）调度中持久性的代名词。 如果应用程序不需要任何稳定的标识符、有序部署、删除和 scale，则应该使用提供一组无状态副本的 controller 来部署应用程序，例如 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment" target="_blank">Deployment</a> 或 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset" target="_blank">ReplicaSet</a> 可能更适合您的无状态需求。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="限制">限制</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>StatefulSet 是 beta 资源，Kubernetes 1.5 以前版本不支持。</li>
|
||
<li>对于所有的 alpha/beta 的资源，您都可以通过在 apiserver 中设置 <code>--runtime-config</code> 选项来禁用。</li>
|
||
<li>给定 Pod 的存储必须由 <a href="http://releases.k8s.io/%7B%7Bpage.githubbranch%7D%7D/examples/persistent-volume-provisioning/README.md" target="_blank">PersistentVolume Provisioner</a> 根据请求的 <code>storage class</code> 进行配置，或由管理员预先配置。</li>
|
||
<li>删除或 scale StatefulSet 将<em>不会</em>删除与 StatefulSet 相关联的 volume。 这样做是为了确保数据安全性，这通常比自动清除所有相关 StatefulSet 资源更有价值。</li>
|
||
<li>StatefulSets 目前要求 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#headless-services" target="_blank">Headless Service</a> 负责 Pod 的网络身份。 您有责任创建此服务。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="组件">组件</h2>
|
||
<p>下面的示例中描述了 StatefulSet 中的组件。</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>一个名为 nginx 的 headless service，用于控制网络域。</li>
|
||
<li>一个名为 web 的 StatefulSet，它的 Spec 中指定在有 3 个运行 nginx 容器的 Pod。</li>
|
||
<li>volumeClaimTemplates 使用 PersistentVolume Provisioner 提供的 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/volumes" target="_blank">PersistentVolumes</a> 作为稳定存储。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Service
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> nginx
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> labels:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> app:</span> nginx
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> ports:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - port:</span> <span class="hljs-number">80</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> web
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> clusterIP:</span> None
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> selector:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> app:</span> nginx
|
||
<span class="hljs-meta">---</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> apps/v1beta1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> StatefulSet
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> web
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> serviceName:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"nginx"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> replicas:</span> <span class="hljs-number">3</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> template:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> labels:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> app:</span> nginx
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> terminationGracePeriodSeconds:</span> <span class="hljs-number">10</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> nginx
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> gcr.io/google_containers/nginx-slim:<span class="hljs-number">0.8</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> ports:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - containerPort:</span> <span class="hljs-number">80</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> web
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumeMounts:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> www
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> mountPath:</span> /usr/share/nginx/html
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumeClaimTemplates:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> www
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> annotations:</span>
|
||
volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: anything
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> accessModes:</span> [ <span class="hljs-string">"ReadWriteOnce"</span> ]
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> resources:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> requests:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> storage:</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span>Gi
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h2 id="pod-身份">Pod 身份</h2>
|
||
<p>StatefulSet Pod 具有唯一的身份，包括序数，稳定的网络身份和稳定的存储。 身份绑定到 Pod 上，不管它（重新）调度到哪个节点上。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="序数">序数</h3>
|
||
<p>对于一个有 N 个副本的 StatefulSet，每个副本都会被指定一个整数序数，在 [0,N)之间，且唯一。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="稳定的网络-id">稳定的网络 ID</h2>
|
||
<p>StatefulSet 中的每个 Pod 从 StatefulSet 的名称和 Pod 的序数派生其主机名。构造的主机名的模式是<code>$（statefulset名称)-$(序数)</code>。 上面的例子将创建三个名为<code>web-0，web-1，web-2</code>的 Pod。</p>
|
||
<p>StatefulSet 可以使用 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#headless-services" target="_blank">Headless Service</a> 来控制其 Pod 的域。此服务管理的域的格式为：<code>$(服务名称).$(namespace).svc.cluster.local</code>，其中 “cluster.local” 是 <a href="http://releases.k8s.io/%7B%7Bpage.githubbranch%7D%7D/cluster/addons/dns/README.md" target="_blank">集群域</a>。</p>
|
||
<p>在创建每个Pod时，它将获取一个匹配的 DNS 子域，采用以下形式：<code>$(pod 名称).$(管理服务域)</code>，其中管理服务由 StatefulSet 上的 <code>serviceName</code> 字段定义。</p>
|
||
<p>以下是 Cluster Domain，服务名称，StatefulSet 名称以及如何影响 StatefulSet 的 Pod 的 DNS 名称的一些示例。</p>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>Cluster Domain</th>
|
||
<th>Service (ns/name)</th>
|
||
<th>StatefulSet (ns/name)</th>
|
||
<th>StatefulSet Domain</th>
|
||
<th>Pod DNS</th>
|
||
<th>Pod Hostname</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>cluster.local</td>
|
||
<td>default/nginx</td>
|
||
<td>default/web</td>
|
||
<td>nginx.default.svc.cluster.local</td>
|
||
<td>web-{0..N-1}.nginx.default.svc.cluster.local</td>
|
||
<td>web-{0..N-1}</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>cluster.local</td>
|
||
<td>foo/nginx</td>
|
||
<td>foo/web</td>
|
||
<td>nginx.foo.svc.cluster.local</td>
|
||
<td>web-{0..N-1}.nginx.foo.svc.cluster.local</td>
|
||
<td>web-{0..N-1}</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>kube.local</td>
|
||
<td>foo/nginx</td>
|
||
<td>foo/web</td>
|
||
<td>nginx.foo.svc.kube.local</td>
|
||
<td>web-{0..N-1}.nginx.foo.svc.kube.local</td>
|
||
<td>web-{0..N-1}</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p>注意 Cluster Domain 将被设置成 <code>cluster.local</code> 除非进行了 <a href="http://releases.k8s.io/%7B%7Bpage.githubbranch%7D%7D/cluster/addons/dns/README.md" target="_blank">其他配置</a>。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="稳定存储">稳定存储</h3>
|
||
<p>Kubernetes 为每个 VolumeClaimTemplate 创建一个 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/volumes" target="_blank">PersistentVolume</a>。上面的 nginx 的例子中，每个 Pod 将具有一个由 <code>anything</code> 存储类创建的 1 GB 存储的 PersistentVolume。当该 Pod （重新）调度到节点上，<code>volumeMounts</code> 将挂载与 PersistentVolume Claim 相关联的 PersistentVolume。请注意，与 PersistentVolume Claim 相关联的 PersistentVolume 在 产出 Pod 或 StatefulSet 的时候不会被删除。这必须手动完成。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="部署和-scale-保证">部署和 Scale 保证</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>对于有 N 个副本的 StatefulSet，Pod 将按照 {0..N-1} 的顺序被创建和部署。</li>
|
||
<li>当 删除 Pod 的时候，将按照逆序来终结，从{N-1..0}</li>
|
||
<li>对 Pod 执行 scale 操作之前，它所有的前任必须处于 Running 和 Ready 状态。</li>
|
||
<li>在终止 Pod 前，它所有的继任者必须处于完全关闭状态。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>不应该将 StatefulSet 的 <code>pod.Spec.TerminationGracePeriodSeconds</code> 设置为 0。这样是不安全的且强烈不建议您这样做。进一步解释，请参阅 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/run-application/force-delete-stateful-set-pod" target="_blank">强制删除 StatefulSet Pod</a>。</p>
|
||
<p>上面的 nginx 示例创建后，3 个 Pod 将按照如下顺序创建 web-0，web-1，web-2。在 web-0 处于 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/pod-states" target="_blank">运行并就绪</a> 状态之前，web-1 将不会被部署，同样当 web-1 处于运行并就绪状态之前 web-2也不会被部署。如果在 web-1 运行并就绪后，web-2 启动之前， web-0 失败了，web-2 将不会启动，直到 web-0 成果重启并处于运行并就绪状态。</p>
|
||
<p>如果用户通过修补 StatefulSet 来 scale 部署的示例，以使 <code>replicas=1</code>，则 web-2 将首先被终止。 在 web-2 完全关闭和删除之前，web-1 不会被终止。 如果 web-0 在 web-2 终止并且完全关闭之后，但是在 web-1 终止之前失败，则 web-1 将不会终止，除非 web-0 正在运行并准备就绪。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="pod-管理策略">Pod 管理策略</h3>
|
||
<p>在 Kubernetes 1.7 和之后版本，StatefulSet 允许您放开顺序保证，同时通过 <code>.spec.podManagementPolicy</code> 字段保证身份的唯一性。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="orderedready-pod-管理">OrderedReady Pod 管理</h4>
|
||
<p>StatefulSet 中默认使用的是 <code>OrderedReady</code> pod 管理。它实现了 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset.md#deployment-and-scaling-guarantees" target="_blank">如上</a> 所述的行为。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="并行-pod-管理">并行 Pod 管理</h4>
|
||
<p><code>Parallel</code> pod 管理告诉 StatefulSet controller 并行的启动和终止 Pod，在启动和终止其他 Pod 之前不会等待 Pod 变成 运行并就绪或完全终止状态。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="更新策略">更新策略</h2>
|
||
<p>在 kubernetes 1.7 和以上版本中，StatefulSet 的 <code>.spec.updateStrategy</code> 字段允许您配置和禁用 StatefulSet 中的容器、label、resource request/limit、annotation 的滚动更新。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="删除">删除</h3>
|
||
<p><code>OnDelete</code> 更新策略实现了遗留（1.6和以前）的行为。 当 <code>spec.updateStrategy</code> 未指定时，这是默认策略。 当StatefulSet 的 <code>.spec.updateStrategy.type</code> 设置为 <code>OnDelete</code> 时，StatefulSet 控制器将不会自动更新 <code>StatefulSet</code> 中的 Pod。 用户必须手动删除 Pod 以使控制器创建新的 Pod，以反映对StatefulSet的 <code>.spec.template</code> 进行的修改。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="滚动更新">滚动更新</h3>
|
||
<p><code>RollingUpdate</code> 更新策略在 StatefulSet 中实现 Pod 的自动滚动更新。 当StatefulSet的 <code>.spec.updateStrategy.type</code> 设置为 <code>RollingUpdate</code> 时，StatefulSet 控制器将在 StatefulSet 中删除并重新创建每个 Pod。 它将以与 Pod 终止相同的顺序进行（从最大的序数到最小的序数），每次更新一个 Pod。 在更新其前身之前，它将等待正在更新的 Pod 状态变成正在运行并就绪。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="分区">分区</h4>
|
||
<p>可以通过指定 <code>.spec.updateStrategy.rollingUpdate.partition</code> 来对 <code>RollingUpdate</code> 更新策略进行分区。如果指定了分区，则当 StatefulSet 的 <code>.spec.template</code> 更新时，具有大于或等于分区序数的所有 Pod 将被更新。具有小于分区的序数的所有 Pod 将不会被更新，即使删除它们也将被重新创建。如果 StatefulSet 的 <code>.spec.updateStrategy.rollingUpdate.partition</code> 大于其 <code>.spec.replicas</code>，则其 <code>.spec.template</code> 的更新将不会传播到 Pod。</p>
|
||
<p>在大多数情况下，您不需要使用分区，但如果您想要进行分阶段更新，使用金丝雀发布或执行分阶段发布，它们将非常有用。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="简单示例">简单示例</h2>
|
||
<p>以一个简单的nginx服务<a href="https://github.com/rootsongjc/kubernetes-handbook/blob/master/manifests/test/web.yaml" target="_blank">web.yaml</a>为例：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-meta">---</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Service
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> nginx
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> labels:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> app:</span> nginx
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> ports:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - port:</span> <span class="hljs-number">80</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> web
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> clusterIP:</span> None
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> selector:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> app:</span> nginx
|
||
<span class="hljs-meta">---</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> apps/v1beta1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> StatefulSet
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> web
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> serviceName:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"nginx"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> replicas:</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> template:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> labels:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> app:</span> nginx
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> nginx
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> gcr.io/google_containers/nginx-slim:<span class="hljs-number">0.8</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> ports:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - containerPort:</span> <span class="hljs-number">80</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> web
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumeMounts:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> www
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> mountPath:</span> /usr/share/nginx/html
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumeClaimTemplates:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> www
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> annotations:</span>
|
||
volume.alpha.kubernetes.io/storage-class: anything
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> accessModes:</span> [ <span class="hljs-string">"ReadWriteOnce"</span> ]
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> resources:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> requests:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> storage:</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span>Gi
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-sh">$ kubectl create <span class="hljs-_">-f</span> web.yaml
|
||
service <span class="hljs-string">"nginx"</span> created
|
||
statefulset <span class="hljs-string">"web"</span> created
|
||
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment"># 查看创建的headless service和statefulset</span>
|
||
$ kubectl get service nginx
|
||
NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
|
||
nginx None <none> 80/TCP 1m
|
||
$ kubectl get statefulset web
|
||
NAME DESIRED CURRENT AGE
|
||
web 2 2 2m
|
||
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment"># 根据volumeClaimTemplates自动创建PVC（在GCE中会自动创建kubernetes.io/gce-pd类型的volume）</span>
|
||
$ kubectl get pvc
|
||
NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESSMODES AGE
|
||
www-web-0 Bound pvc<span class="hljs-_">-d</span>064a004<span class="hljs-_">-d</span>8d4-11e6-b521-42010a800002 1Gi RWO 16s
|
||
www-web-1 Bound pvc<span class="hljs-_">-d</span>06a3946<span class="hljs-_">-d</span>8d4-11e6-b521-42010a800002 1Gi RWO 16s
|
||
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment"># 查看创建的Pod，他们都是有序的</span>
|
||
$ kubectl get pods <span class="hljs-_">-l</span> app=nginx
|
||
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
|
||
web-0 1/1 Running 0 5m
|
||
web-1 1/1 Running 0 4m
|
||
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment"># 使用nslookup查看这些Pod的DNS</span>
|
||
$ kubectl run -i --tty --image busybox dns-test --restart=Never --rm /bin/sh
|
||
/ <span class="hljs-comment"># nslookup web-0.nginx</span>
|
||
Server: 10.0.0.10
|
||
Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
|
||
|
||
Name: web-0.nginx
|
||
Address 1: 10.244.2.10
|
||
/ <span class="hljs-comment"># nslookup web-1.nginx</span>
|
||
Server: 10.0.0.10
|
||
Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
|
||
|
||
Name: web-1.nginx
|
||
Address 1: 10.244.3.12
|
||
/ <span class="hljs-comment"># nslookup web-0.nginx.default.svc.cluster.local</span>
|
||
Server: 10.0.0.10
|
||
Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
|
||
|
||
Name: web-0.nginx.default.svc.cluster.local
|
||
Address 1: 10.244.2.10
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>还可以进行其他的操作</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-sh"><span class="hljs-comment"># 扩容</span>
|
||
$ kubectl scale statefulset web --replicas=5
|
||
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment"># 缩容</span>
|
||
$ kubectl patch statefulset web -p <span class="hljs-string">'{"spec":{"replicas":3}}'</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment"># 镜像更新（目前还不支持直接更新image，需要patch来间接实现）</span>
|
||
$ kubectl patch statefulset web --type=<span class="hljs-string">'json'</span> -p=<span class="hljs-string">'[{"op": "replace", "path": "/spec/template/spec/containers/0/image", "value":"gcr.io/google_containers/nginx-slim:0.7"}]'</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment"># 删除StatefulSet和Headless Service</span>
|
||
$ kubectl delete statefulset web
|
||
$ kubectl delete service nginx
|
||
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment"># StatefulSet删除后PVC还会保留着，数据不再使用的话也需要删除</span>
|
||
$ kubectl delete pvc www-web-0 www-web-1
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h2 id="zookeeper">zookeeper</h2>
|
||
<p>另外一个更能说明StatefulSet强大功能的示例为<a href="https://github.com/rootsongjc/kubernetes-handbook/blob/master/manifests/test/zookeeper.yaml" target="_blank">zookeeper.yaml</a>，这个例子仅为讲解，实际可用的配置请使用 <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/contrib/tree/master/statefulsets" target="_blank">https://github.com/kubernetes/contrib/tree/master/statefulsets</a> 中的配置。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-meta">---</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Service
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> zk-headless
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> labels:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> app:</span> zk-headless
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> ports:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - port:</span> <span class="hljs-number">2888</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> server
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - port:</span> <span class="hljs-number">3888</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> leader-election
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> clusterIP:</span> None
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> selector:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> app:</span> zk
|
||
<span class="hljs-meta">---</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> ConfigMap
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> zk-config
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">data:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> ensemble:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"zk-0;zk-1;zk-2"</span>
|
||
jvm.heap: <span class="hljs-string">"2G"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> tick:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"2000"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> init:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"10"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> sync:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"5"</span>
|
||
client.cnxns: <span class="hljs-string">"60"</span>
|
||
snap.retain: <span class="hljs-string">"3"</span>
|
||
purge.interval: <span class="hljs-string">"1"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-meta">---</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> policy/v1beta1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> PodDisruptionBudget
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> zk-budget
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> selector:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> matchLabels:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> app:</span> zk
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> minAvailable:</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-meta">---</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> apps/v1beta1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> StatefulSet
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> zk
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> serviceName:</span> zk-headless
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> replicas:</span> <span class="hljs-number">3</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> template:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> labels:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> app:</span> zk
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> annotations:</span>
|
||
pod.alpha.kubernetes.io/initialized: <span class="hljs-string">"true"</span>
|
||
scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/affinity: <span class="hljs-string">>
|
||
{
|
||
"podAntiAffinity": {
|
||
"requiredDuringSchedulingRequiredDuringExecution": [{
|
||
"labelSelector": {
|
||
"matchExpressions": [{
|
||
"key": "app",
|
||
"operator": "In",
|
||
"values": ["zk-headless"]
|
||
}]
|
||
},
|
||
"topologyKey": "kubernetes.io/hostname"
|
||
}]
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
</span><span class="hljs-attr"> spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> k8szk
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> imagePullPolicy:</span> Always
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> gcr.io/google_samples/k8szk:v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> resources:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> requests:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> memory:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"4Gi"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> cpu:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"1"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> ports:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - containerPort:</span> <span class="hljs-number">2181</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> client
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - containerPort:</span> <span class="hljs-number">2888</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> server
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - containerPort:</span> <span class="hljs-number">3888</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> leader-election
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> env:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> name : ZK_ENSEMBLE
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> valueFrom:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> configMapKeyRef:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> zk-config
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> key:</span> ensemble
|
||
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> name : ZK_HEAP_SIZE
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> valueFrom:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> configMapKeyRef:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> zk-config
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> key:</span> jvm.heap
|
||
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> name : ZK_TICK_TIME
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> valueFrom:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> configMapKeyRef:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> zk-config
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> key:</span> tick
|
||
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> name : ZK_INIT_LIMIT
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> valueFrom:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> configMapKeyRef:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> zk-config
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> key:</span> init
|
||
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> name : ZK_SYNC_LIMIT
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> valueFrom:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> configMapKeyRef:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> zk-config
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> key:</span> tick
|
||
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> name : ZK_MAX_CLIENT_CNXNS
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> valueFrom:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> configMapKeyRef:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> zk-config
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> key:</span> client.cnxns
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> ZK_SNAP_RETAIN_COUNT
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> valueFrom:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> configMapKeyRef:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> zk-config
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> key:</span> snap.retain
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> ZK_PURGE_INTERVAL
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> valueFrom:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> configMapKeyRef:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> zk-config
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> key:</span> purge.interval
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> ZK_CLIENT_PORT
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> value:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"2181"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> ZK_SERVER_PORT
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> value:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"2888"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> ZK_ELECTION_PORT
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> value:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"3888"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> command:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> sh
|
||
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> -c
|
||
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> zkGenConfig.sh && zkServer.sh start-foreground
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> readinessProbe:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> exec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> command:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> <span class="hljs-string">"zkOk.sh"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> initialDelaySeconds:</span> <span class="hljs-number">15</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> timeoutSeconds:</span> <span class="hljs-number">5</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> livenessProbe:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> exec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> command:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> <span class="hljs-string">"zkOk.sh"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> initialDelaySeconds:</span> <span class="hljs-number">15</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> timeoutSeconds:</span> <span class="hljs-number">5</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumeMounts:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> datadir
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> mountPath:</span> /var/lib/zookeeper
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> securityContext:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> runAsUser:</span> <span class="hljs-number">1000</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> fsGroup:</span> <span class="hljs-number">1000</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumeClaimTemplates:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> datadir
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> annotations:</span>
|
||
volume.alpha.kubernetes.io/storage-class: anything
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> accessModes:</span> [ <span class="hljs-string">"ReadWriteOnce"</span> ]
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> resources:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> requests:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> storage:</span> <span class="hljs-number">20</span>Gi
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-sh">kubectl create <span class="hljs-_">-f</span> zookeeper.yaml
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>详细的使用说明见<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/zookeeper/" target="_blank">zookeeper stateful application</a>。</p>
|
||
<p>关于StatefulSet的更多示例请参阅 <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/contrib/tree/master/statefulsets" target="_blank">github.com/kubernetes/contrib - statefulsets</a>，其中包括了zookeeper和kafka。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="集群外部访问statefulset的pod">集群外部访问StatefulSet的Pod</h2>
|
||
<p>我们设想一下这样的场景：在kubernetes集群外部调试StatefulSet中有序的Pod，那么如何访问这些的pod呢？</p>
|
||
<p>方法是为pod设置label，然后用<code>kubectl expose</code>将其以NodePort的方式暴露到集群外部，以上面的zookeeper的例子来说明，下面使用命令的方式来暴露其中的两个zookeeper节点，也可以写一个serivce配置yaml文件。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-bash">kubectl label pod zk-0 zkInst=0
|
||
kubectl label pod zk-1 zkInst=1
|
||
kubectl expose po zk-0 --port=2181 --target-port=2181 --name=zk-0 --selector=zkInst=0 --type=NodePort
|
||
kubectl expose po zk-1 --port=2181 --target-port=2181 --name=zk-1 --selector=zkInst=1 --type=NodePort
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>这样在kubernetes集群外部就可以根据pod所在的主机所映射的端口来访问了。</p>
|
||
<p>查看<code>zk-0</code>这个service可以看到如下结果：</p>
|
||
<pre><code>NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
|
||
zk-0 10.254.98.14 <nodes> 2181:31693/TCP 5m
|
||
</code></pre><p>集群外部就可以使用所有的node中的任何一个IP:31693来访问这个zookeeper实例。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="参考">参考</h2>
|
||
<p><a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset/" target="_blank">https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset/</a></p>
|
||
<p><a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/contrib/tree/master/statefulsets" target="_blank">kubernetes contrib - statefulsets</a> </p>
|
||
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_CAPTION_","label":"Grafana界面示意图2","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"1.2.11"},{"backlink":"cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html#fig1.2.12","level":"1.2","list_caption":"Figure: Grafana界面示意图3","alt":"Grafana界面示意图3","nro":12,"url":"../images/kubernetes-devops-example-grafana-3.png","index":12,"caption_template":"图片 - _CAPTION_","label":"Grafana界面示意图3","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"1.2.12"},{"backlink":"cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html#fig1.2.13","level":"1.2","list_caption":"Figure: dashboard","alt":"dashboard","nro":13,"url":"../images/spark-job-on-kubernetes-example-1.jpg","index":13,"caption_template":"图片 - _CAPTION_","label":"dashboard","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"1.2.13"},{"backlink":"cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html#fig1.2.14","level":"1.2","list_caption":"Figure: Grafana","alt":"Grafana","nro":14,"url":"../images/spark-job-on-kubernetes-example-2.jpg","index":14,"caption_template":"图片 - _CAPTION_","label":"Grafana","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"1.2.14"},{"backlink":"concepts/index.html#fig1.3.1","level":"1.3","list_caption":"Figure: Borg架构","alt":"Borg架构","nro":15,"url":"../images/borg.png","index":1,"caption_template":"图片 - 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_CAPTION_","label":"kubernetes node架构示意图","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"1.3.5"},{"backlink":"concepts/index.html#fig1.3.6","level":"1.3","list_caption":"Figure: Kubernetes分层架构示意图","alt":"Kubernetes分层架构示意图","nro":20,"url":"../images/kubernetes-layers-arch.jpg","index":6,"caption_template":"图片 - _CAPTION_","label":"Kubernetes分层架构示意图","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"1.3.6"},{"backlink":"concepts/concepts.html#fig1.3.1.1","level":"1.3.1","list_caption":"Figure: 分层架构示意图","alt":"分层架构示意图","nro":21,"url":"../images/kubernetes-layers-arch.jpg","index":1,"caption_template":"图片 - _CAPTION_","label":"分层架构示意图","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"1.3.1.1"},{"backlink":"concepts/pod-overview.html#fig1.3.2.1.1","level":"1.3.2.1","list_caption":"Figure: pod diagram","alt":"pod diagram","nro":22,"url":"../images/pod-overview.png","index":1,"caption_template":"图片 - _CAPTION_","label":"pod diagram","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"1.3.2.1.1"},{"backlink":"concepts/pod.html#fig1.3.2.1.1.1","level":"1.3.2.1.1","list_caption":"Figure: Pod示意图","alt":"Pod示意图","nro":23,"url":"../images/pod-overview.png","index":1,"caption_template":"图片 - _CAPTION_","label":"Pod示意图","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"1.3.2.1.1.1"},{"backlink":"concepts/pod.html#fig1.3.2.1.1.2","level":"1.3.2.1.1","list_caption":"Figure: Pod Cheatsheet","alt":"Pod Cheatsheet","nro":24,"url":"../images/kubernetes-pod-cheatsheet.png","index":2,"caption_template":"图片 - _CAPTION_","label":"Pod Cheatsheet","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"1.3.2.1.1.2"},{"backlink":"concepts/service.html#fig1.3.2.4.1","level":"1.3.2.4","list_caption":"Figure: userspace代理模式下Service概览图","alt":"userspace代理模式下Service概览图","nro":25,"url":"../images/services-userspace-overview.jpg","index":1,"caption_template":"图片 - _CAPTION_","label":"userspace代理模式下Service概览图","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"1.3.2.4.1"},{"backlink":"concepts/service.html#fig1.3.2.4.2","level":"1.3.2.4","list_caption":"Figure: iptables代理模式下Service概览图","alt":"iptables代理模式下Service概览图","nro":26,"url":"../images/services-iptables-overview.jpg","index":2,"caption_template":"图片 - _CAPTION_","label":"iptables代理模式下Service概览图","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"1.3.2.4.2"},{"backlink":"concepts/deployment.html#fig1.3.2.6.1","level":"1.3.2.6","list_caption":"Figure: kubernetes deployment cheatsheet","alt":"kubernetes deployment cheatsheet","nro":27,"url":"../images/deployment-cheatsheet.png","index":1,"caption_template":"图片 - 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