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<title>4.3.4 集群及应用监控 · Kubernetes Handbook</title>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="../">
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1. 前言
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2" data-path="../concepts/">
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2. 概念原理
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<a href="../concepts/concepts.html">
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2.1 设计理念
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</a>
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<a href="../concepts/objects.html">
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2.2 主要概念
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</a>
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<a href="../concepts/pod-overview.html">
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2.2.1 Pod
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<a href="../concepts/pod.html">
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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</a>
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<a href="../concepts/node.html">
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2.2.2 Node
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.3" data-path="../concepts/namespace.html">
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<a href="../concepts/namespace.html">
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2.2.3 Namespace
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.4" data-path="../concepts/service.html">
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<a href="../concepts/service.html">
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2.2.4 Service
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.5" data-path="../concepts/volume.html">
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<a href="../concepts/volume.html">
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.6" data-path="../concepts/deployment.html">
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<a href="../concepts/deployment.html">
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2.2.6 Deployment
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.7" data-path="../concepts/secret.html">
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<a href="../concepts/secret.html">
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2.2.7 Secret
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.8" data-path="../concepts/statefulset.html">
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<a href="../concepts/statefulset.html">
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.9" data-path="../concepts/daemonset.html">
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<a href="../concepts/daemonset.html">
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.10" data-path="../concepts/serviceaccount.html">
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<a href="../concepts/serviceaccount.html">
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.11" data-path="../concepts/replicaset.html">
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<a href="../concepts/replicaset.html">
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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||
</a>
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</li>
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.12" data-path="../concepts/job.html">
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<a href="../concepts/job.html">
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2.2.12 Job
|
||
|
||
</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.13" data-path="../concepts/cronjob.html">
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<a href="../concepts/cronjob.html">
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2.2.13 CronJob
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.14" data-path="../concepts/ingress.html">
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<a href="../concepts/ingress.html">
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||
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2.2.14 Ingress
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
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|
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</li>
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.15" data-path="../concepts/configmap.html">
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||
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<a href="../concepts/configmap.html">
|
||
|
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|
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
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||
</li>
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|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.16" data-path="../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
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||
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<a href="../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
|
||
|
||
|
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.17" data-path="../concepts/label.html">
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||
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||
<a href="../concepts/label.html">
|
||
|
||
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2.2.17 Label
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
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||
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||
</li>
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||
|
||
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||
</ul>
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||
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||
</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3" data-path="../guide/">
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||
|
||
<a href="../guide/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3. 用户指南
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1" data-path="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.1 资源配置
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.1" data-path="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.2" data-path="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2" data-path="../guide/command-usage.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/command-usage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.2 命令使用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.1" data-path="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.2.1 使用kubectl
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3" data-path="../guide/cluster-management.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/cluster-management.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3 集群管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.1" data-path="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.2" data-path="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.3" data-path="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4" data-path="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.1" data-path="../guide/access-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/access-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.1 访问集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.2" data-path="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.3" data-path="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.4" data-path="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5" data-path="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.1" data-path="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.2" data-path="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="./">
|
||
|
||
<a href="./">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4. 最佳实践
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1" data-path="install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.1" data-path="create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.2" data-path="create-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="create-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.3" data-path="etcd-cluster-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="etcd-cluster-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.4" data-path="kubectl-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="kubectl-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.5" data-path="master-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="master-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.5 部署master节点
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.6" data-path="node-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="node-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.6 部署node节点
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.7" data-path="kubedns-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="kubedns-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.8" data-path="dashboard-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="dashboard-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.9" data-path="heapster-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="heapster-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.9 安装heapster插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.10" data-path="efk-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="efk-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.10 安装EFK插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2" data-path="service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.1" data-path="traefik-ingress-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="traefik-ingress-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.2" data-path="distributed-load-test.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="distributed-load-test.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.2 分布式负载测试
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.3" data-path="network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.4" data-path="edge-node-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="edge-node-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.4 边缘节点配置
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3" data-path="operation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="operation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3 运维管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.1" data-path="service-rolling-update.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="service-rolling-update.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.1 服务滚动升级
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.2" data-path="app-log-collection.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="app-log-collection.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.2 应用日志收集
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.3" data-path="configuration-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="configuration-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.3 配置最佳实践
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter active" data-level="1.4.3.4" data-path="monitor.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="monitor.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.4 集群及应用监控
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.5" data-path="jenkins-ci-cd.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="jenkins-ci-cd.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.6" data-path="data-persistence-problem.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="data-persistence-problem.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.6 数据持久化问题
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4" data-path="storage.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="storage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4 存储管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1" data-path="glusterfs.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="glusterfs.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.1 GlusterFS
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1.1" data-path="using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1.2" data-path="storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="../usecases/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5. 领域应用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1" data-path="../usecases/microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1 微服务架构
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1" data-path="../usecases/istio.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/istio.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1 Istio
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1.1" data-path="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1.1 安装istio
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1.2" data-path="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2" data-path="../usecases/linkerd.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/linkerd.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.2 Linkerd
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2.1" data-path="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.3" data-path="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.3 微服务中的服务发现
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2" data-path="../usecases/big-data.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/big-data.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2 大数据
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1" data-path="../usecases/spark-on-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/spark-on-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2.1 Spark on Kubernetes
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="../develop/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6. 开发指南
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.1" data-path="../develop/developing-environment.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/developing-environment.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.1 开发环境搭建
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2" data-path="../develop/testing.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/testing.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.2 单元测试和集成测试
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3" data-path="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.3 client-go示例
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.4" data-path="../develop/contribute.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/contribute.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.4 社区贡献
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="../appendix/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7. 附录
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.1" data-path="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.1 Docker最佳实践
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.2" data-path="../appendix/issues.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/issues.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.2 问题记录
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.3" data-path="../appendix/tricks.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/tricks.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.3 使用技巧
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="divider"></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.gitbook.com" target="blank" class="gitbook-link">
|
||
本書使用 GitBook 釋出
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
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|
||
|
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</nav>
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|
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|
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</div>
|
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|
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<div class="book-body">
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|
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<div class="body-inner">
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<div class="book-header" role="navigation">
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|
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|
||
<!-- Title -->
|
||
<h1>
|
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<i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i>
|
||
<a href=".." >4.3.4 集群及应用监控</a>
|
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</h1>
|
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</div>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<div class="page-wrapper" tabindex="-1" role="main">
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<div class="search-plus" id="book-search-results">
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|
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<section class="normal markdown-section">
|
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|
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<h1 id="集群及应用监控">集群及应用监控</h1>
|
||
<p>在前面的<a href="heapster-addon-installation.html">安装heapster插件</a>章节，我们已经谈到Kubernetes本身提供了监控插件作为集群和容器监控的选择，但是在实际使用中，因为种种原因，再考虑到跟我们自身的监控系统集成，我们准备重新造轮子。</p>
|
||
<p>针对kubernetes集群和应用的监控，相较于传统的虚拟机和物理机的监控有很多不同，因此对于传统监控需要有很多改造的地方，需要关注以下三个方面：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Kubernetes集群本身的监控，主要是kubernetes的各个组件</li>
|
||
<li>kubernetes集群中Pod的监控，Pod的CPU、内存、网络、磁盘等监控</li>
|
||
<li>集群内部应用的监控，针对应用本身的监控</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="kubernetes集群中的监控">Kubernetes集群中的监控</h2>
|
||
<figure id="fig1.4.3.4.1"><img src="../images/monitoring-in-kubernetes.png" alt="Kubernetes集群中的监控"><figcaption>Figure: Kubernetes集群中的监控</figcaption></figure>
|
||
<p>跟物理机器和虚拟机的监控不同，在kuberntes集群中的监控复杂度更高一些，因为多了一个虚拟化层，当然这个跟直接监控docker容器又不一样，kubernetes在docker之上又抽象了一层service的概念。</p>
|
||
<p>在kubernetes中的监控需要考虑到这几个方面：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>应该给Pod打上哪些label，这些label将成为监控的metrics。</li>
|
||
<li>当应用的Pod漂移了之后怎么办？因为要考虑到Pod的生命周期比虚拟机和物理机短的多，如何持续监控应用的状态？</li>
|
||
<li>更多的监控项，kubernetes本身、容器、应用等。</li>
|
||
<li>监控指标的来源，是通过heapster收集后汇聚还是直接从每台主机的docker上取？</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="容器的命名规则">容器的命名规则</h2>
|
||
<p>首先我们需要清楚使用cAdvisor收集的数据的格式和字段信息。</p>
|
||
<p>当我们通过cAdvisor获取到了容器的信息后，例如访问<code>${NODE_IP}:4194/api/v1.3/docker</code>获取的json结果中的某个容器包含如下字段：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-json"> <span class="hljs-string">"labels"</span>: {
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"annotation.io.kubernetes.container.hash"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"f47f0602"</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"annotation.io.kubernetes.container.ports"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"[{\"containerPort\":80,\"protocol\":\"TCP\"}]"</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"annotation.io.kubernetes.container.restartCount"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"0"</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"annotation.io.kubernetes.container.terminationMessagePath"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"/dev/termination-log"</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"annotation.io.kubernetes.container.terminationMessagePolicy"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"File"</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"annotation.io.kubernetes.pod.terminationGracePeriod"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"30"</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"io.kubernetes.container.logpath"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"/var/log/pods/d8a2e995-3617-11e7-a4b0-ecf4bbe5d414/php-redis_0.log"</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"io.kubernetes.container.name"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"php-redis"</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"io.kubernetes.docker.type"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"container"</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"io.kubernetes.pod.name"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"frontend-2337258262-771lz"</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"io.kubernetes.pod.namespace"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"default"</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"io.kubernetes.pod.uid"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"d8a2e995-3617-11e7-a4b0-ecf4bbe5d414"</span>,
|
||
<span class="hljs-string">"io.kubernetes.sandbox.id"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"843a0f018c0cef2a5451434713ea3f409f0debc2101d2264227e814ca0745677"</span>
|
||
},
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>这些信息其实都是kubernetes创建容器时给docker container打的<code>Labels</code>，使用<code>docker inspect $conainer_name</code>命令同样可以看到上述信息。</p>
|
||
<p>你是否想过这些label跟容器的名字有什么关系？当你在node节点上执行<code>docker ps</code>看到的容器名字又对应哪个应用的Pod呢？</p>
|
||
<p>在kubernetes代码中pkg/kubelet/dockertools/docker.go中的BuildDockerName方法定义了容器的名称规范。</p>
|
||
<p>这段容器名称定义代码如下：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-comment">// Creates a name which can be reversed to identify both full pod name and container name.</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// This function returns stable name, unique name and a unique id.</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// Although rand.Uint32() is not really unique, but it's enough for us because error will</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// only occur when instances of the same container in the same pod have the same UID. The</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// chance is really slim.</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> BuildDockerName(dockerName KubeletContainerName, container *v1.Container) (<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>) {
|
||
containerName := dockerName.ContainerName + <span class="hljs-string">"."</span> + strconv.FormatUint(kubecontainer.HashContainerLegacy(container), <span class="hljs-number">16</span>)
|
||
stableName := fmt.Sprintf(<span class="hljs-string">"%s_%s_%s_%s"</span>,
|
||
containerNamePrefix,
|
||
containerName,
|
||
dockerName.PodFullName,
|
||
dockerName.PodUID)
|
||
UID := fmt.Sprintf(<span class="hljs-string">"%08x"</span>, rand.Uint32())
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> stableName, fmt.Sprintf(<span class="hljs-string">"%s_%s"</span>, stableName, UID), UID
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// Unpacks a container name, returning the pod full name and container name we would have used to</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// construct the docker name. If we are unable to parse the name, an error is returned.</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> ParseDockerName(name <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>) (dockerName *KubeletContainerName, hash <span class="hljs-keyword">uint64</span>, err error) {
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// For some reason docker appears to be appending '/' to names.</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// If it's there, strip it.</span>
|
||
name = strings.TrimPrefix(name, <span class="hljs-string">"/"</span>)
|
||
parts := strings.Split(name, <span class="hljs-string">"_"</span>)
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(parts) == <span class="hljs-number">0</span> || parts[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] != containerNamePrefix {
|
||
err = fmt.Errorf(<span class="hljs-string">"failed to parse Docker container name %q into parts"</span>, name)
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, err
|
||
}
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(parts) < <span class="hljs-number">6</span> {
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// We have at least 5 fields. We may have more in the future.</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// Anything with less fields than this is not something we can</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-comment">// manage.</span>
|
||
glog.Warningf(<span class="hljs-string">"found a container with the %q prefix, but too few fields (%d): %q"</span>, containerNamePrefix, <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(parts), name)
|
||
err = fmt.Errorf(<span class="hljs-string">"Docker container name %q has less parts than expected %v"</span>, name, parts)
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, err
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
nameParts := strings.Split(parts[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>], <span class="hljs-string">"."</span>)
|
||
containerName := nameParts[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(nameParts) > <span class="hljs-number">1</span> {
|
||
hash, err = strconv.ParseUint(nameParts[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>], <span class="hljs-number">16</span>, <span class="hljs-number">32</span>)
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
|
||
glog.Warningf(<span class="hljs-string">"invalid container hash %q in container %q"</span>, nameParts[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>], name)
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
podFullName := parts[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>] + <span class="hljs-string">"_"</span> + parts[<span class="hljs-number">3</span>]
|
||
podUID := types.UID(parts[<span class="hljs-number">4</span>])
|
||
|
||
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> &KubeletContainerName{podFullName, podUID, containerName}, hash, <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>
|
||
}
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>我们可以看到容器名称中包含如下几个字段，中间用下划线隔开，至少有6个字段，未来可能添加更多字段。</p>
|
||
<p>下面的是四个基本字段。</p>
|
||
<pre><code>containerNamePrefix_containerName_PodFullName_PodUID
|
||
</code></pre><p>所有kubernetes启动的容器的containerNamePrefix都是k8s。</p>
|
||
<p>Kubernetes启动的docker容器的容器名称规范，下面以官方示例guestbook为例，Deployment 名为 frontend中启动的名为php-redis的docker容器的副本书为3。</p>
|
||
<p>Deployment frontend的配置如下：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> extensions/v1beta1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Deployment
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> frontend
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> template:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> labels:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> app:</span> guestbook
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> tier:</span> frontend
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> php-redis
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> bj-xg-oam-docker-hub<span class="hljs-bullet">-001.</span>tendcloud.com/library/gb-frontend:v4
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> resources:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> requests:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> cpu:</span> <span class="hljs-number">100</span>m
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> memory:</span> <span class="hljs-number">100</span>Mi
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> env:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> GET_HOSTS_FROM
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> value:</span> dns
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> ports:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - containerPort:</span> <span class="hljs-number">80</span>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>我们选取三个实例中的一个运行php-redis的docker容器。</p>
|
||
<pre><code>k8s_php-redis_frontend-2337258262-154p7_default_d8a2e2dd-3617-11e7-a4b0-ecf4bbe5d414_0
|
||
</code></pre><ul>
|
||
<li>containerNamePrefix：k8s</li>
|
||
<li>containerName：php-redis</li>
|
||
<li>podFullName：frontend-2337258262-154p7</li>
|
||
<li>computeHash：154p7</li>
|
||
<li>deploymentName：frontend</li>
|
||
<li>replicaSetName：frontend-2337258262</li>
|
||
<li>namespace：default</li>
|
||
<li>podUID：d8a2e2dd-3617-11e7-a4b0-ecf4bbe5d414</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>kubernetes容器命名规则解析，见下图所示。</p>
|
||
<figure id="fig1.4.3.4.2"><img src="../images/kubernetes-container-naming-rule.jpg" alt="kubernetes的容器命名规则示意图"><figcaption>Figure: kubernetes的容器命名规则示意图</figcaption></figure>
|
||
<h2 id="使用heapster进行集群监控">使用Heapster进行集群监控</h2>
|
||
<p><a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/heapster" target="_blank">Heapster</a>是kubernetes官方提供的监控方案，我们在前面的章节中已经讲解了如何部署和使用heapster，见<a href="heapster-addon-installation.html">安装Heapster插件</a>。</p>
|
||
<p>但是Grafana显示的指标只根据Namespace和Pod两层来分类，实在有些单薄，我们希望通过应用的label增加service这一层分类。架构图如下：</p>
|
||
<figure id="fig1.4.3.4.3"><img src="../images/kubernetes-heapster-monitoring.png" alt="Heapster架构图（改进版）"><figcaption>Figure: Heapster架构图（改进版）</figcaption></figure>
|
||
<p>在不改变原有架构的基础上，通过应用的label来区分不同应用的pod。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="应用监控">应用监控</h2>
|
||
<p>Kubernetes中应用的监控架构如图：</p>
|
||
<figure id="fig1.4.3.4.4"><img src="../images/kubernetes-app-monitoring.png" alt="应用监控架构图"><figcaption>Figure: 应用监控架构图</figcaption></figure>
|
||
<p>这种方式有以下几个要点：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>访问kubernetes API获取应用Pod的IP和端口</li>
|
||
<li>Pod labels作为监控metric的tag</li>
|
||
<li>直接访问应用的Pod的IP和端口获取应用监控数据</li>
|
||
<li>metrics发送到<a href="https://github.com/talkingdata/owl" target="_blank">OWL</a>中存储和展示</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="应用拓扑状态图">应用拓扑状态图</h2>
|
||
<p>对于复杂的应用编排和依赖关系，我们希望能够有清晰的图标一览应用状态和拓扑关系，因此我们用到了Weaveworks开源的<a href="https://github.com/weaveworks/scope" target="_blank">scope</a>。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>安装scope</strong></p>
|
||
<p>我们在kubernetes集群上使用standalone方式安装，详情参考<a href="https://www.weave.works/docs/scope/latest/installing/#k8s" target="_blank">Installing Weave Scope</a>。</p>
|
||
<p>使用<a href="../manifests/weave/scope.yaml">scope.yaml</a>文件安装scope，该服务安装在<code>kube-system</code> namespace下。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-Bash">$ kubectl apply <span class="hljs-_">-f</span> scope.yaml
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>创建一个新的Ingress：<code>kube-system.yaml</code>，配置如下：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> extensions/v1beta1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Ingress
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> traefik-ingress
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> namespace:</span> kube-system
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> rules:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - host:</span> scope.weave.io
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> http:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> paths:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - path:</span> /
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> backend:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> serviceName:</span> weave-scope-app
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> servicePort:</span> <span class="hljs-number">80</span>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>执行<code>kubectl apply -f kube-system.yaml</code>后在你的主机上的<code>/etc/hosts</code>文件中添加一条记录：</p>
|
||
<pre><code>172.20.0.119 scope.weave.io
|
||
</code></pre><p>在浏览器中访问<code>scope.weave.io</code>就可以访问到scope了，详见<a href="edge-node-configuration.html">边缘节点配置</a>。</p>
|
||
<figure id="fig1.4.3.4.5"><img src="../images/weave-scope-service-topology.jpg" alt="应用拓扑图"><figcaption>Figure: 应用拓扑图</figcaption></figure>
|
||
<p>如上图所示，scope可以监控kubernetes集群中的一系列资源的状态、资源使用情况、应用拓扑、scale、还可以直接通过浏览器进入容器内部调试等。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="参考">参考</h2>
|
||
<p><a href="https://www.datadoghq.com/blog/monitoring-kubernetes-era/" target="_blank">Monitoring in the Kubernetes Era</a> </p>
|
||
<footer class="page-footer-ex"> <span class="page-footer-ex-copyright">for GitBook</span>           <span class="page-footer-ex-footer-update">update
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2017-08-21 18:23:35
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