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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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5.1 微服务架构
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5.1.1.1 安装istio
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5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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5.1.2 Linkerd
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5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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5.1.3 微服务中的服务发现
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5.2 大数据
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5.2.1 Spark on Kubernetes
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6. 开发指南
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6.1 开发环境搭建
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6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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6.3 client-go示例
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6.4 社区贡献
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7. 附录
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7.1 Docker最佳实践
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7.2 问题记录
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7.3 使用技巧
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<h2 id="tls-bootstrap">TLS Bootstrap</h2>
<p>&#x672C;&#x6587;&#x6863;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x4E3A; kubelet &#x8BBE;&#x7F6E; TLS &#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x5F15;&#x5BFC;&#xFF08;bootstrap&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Kubernetes 1.4 &#x5F15;&#x5165;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x4ECE;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x7EA7;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x9881;&#x53D1;&#x673A;&#x6784;&#xFF08;CA&#xFF09;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7684; API&#x3002;&#x6B64; API &#x7684;&#x539F;&#x59CB;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x4E3A; kubelet &#x63D0;&#x4F9B; TLS &#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x3002;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728; <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/20439" target="_blank">&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;</a> &#x627E;&#x5230;&#x8BE5;&#x63D0;&#x8BAE;&#xFF0C;&#x5728; <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/features/issues/43" target="_blank">feature #43</a> &#x8FFD;&#x8E2A;&#x8BE5;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x7684;&#x8FDB;&#x5EA6;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="kube-apiserver-&#x914D;&#x7F6E;">kube-apiserver &#x914D;&#x7F6E;</h2>
<p>&#x60A8;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; token &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x8BE5;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x4E86;&#x81F3;&#x5C11;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5206;&#x914D;&#x7ED9; kubelet &#x7279;&#x5B9A; bootstrap &#x7EC4;&#x7684; &#x201C;bootstrap token&#x201D;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8BE5;&#x7EC4;&#x5C06;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A; controller manager &#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x6279;&#x51C6;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5668;&#x800C;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x5BA1;&#x6279;&#x3002;&#x968F;&#x7740;&#x6B64;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x719F;&#xFF0C;&#x60A8;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x786E;&#x4FDD; token &#x88AB;&#x7ED1;&#x5B9A;&#x5230;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x89D2;&#x8272;&#x7684;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#xFF08;RBAC&#xFF09;&#x7B56;&#x7565;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x8BE5;&#x7B56;&#x7565;&#x4E25;&#x683C;&#x9650;&#x5236;&#x4E86;&#x4E0E;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#xFF08;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; bootstrap token&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; RBAC&#xFF0C;&#x5C06; token &#x8303;&#x56F4;&#x5212;&#x5206;&#x4E3A;&#x7EC4;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5E26;&#x6765;&#x5F88;&#x5927;&#x7684;&#x7075;&#x6D3B;&#x6027;&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x60A8;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x60A8;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7981;&#x7528;&#x7279;&#x5B9A;&#x5F15;&#x5BFC;&#x7EC4;&#x7684;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="token-&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;">Token &#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</h3>
<p>Token &#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x662F;&#x4EFB;&#x610F;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x4E3A;&#x4ECE;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x6570;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x5668;&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x5927;&#x591A;&#x6570;&#x73B0;&#x4EE3;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E2D;&#x7684; /dev/urandom&#xFF09;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x81F3;&#x5C11;128&#x4F4D;&#x71B5;&#x3002;&#x751F;&#x6210; token &#x6709;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x4E2D;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><code>head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d &apos; &apos;</code></p>
<p>&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x7684; token &#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x4E8E;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#xFF1A; <code>02b50b05283e98dd0fd71db496ef01e8</code>&#x3002;</p>
<p>Token &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x4E8E;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x793A;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x524D;&#x4E09;&#x4E2A;&#x503C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x662F;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x7EC4;&#x540D;&#x79F0;&#x5E94;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x6240;&#x793A;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>02b50b05283e98dd0fd71db496ef01e8,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,&quot;system:kubelet-bootstrap&quot;
</code></pre><p>&#x5728; kube-apiserver &#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x4E2D;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0; <code>--token-auth-file=FILENAME</code> &#x6807;&#x5FD7;&#xFF08;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5728;&#x60A8;&#x7684; systemd unit &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#xFF09;&#x6765;&#x542F;&#x7528; token &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x67E5;&#x770B; <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/authentication/#static-token-file" target="_blank">&#x8BE5;&#x6587;&#x6863;</a> &#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x8BE6;&#x7EC6;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;-ca-&#x5305;">&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66; CA &#x5305;</h3>
<p>&#x5728; kube-apiserver &#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x4E2D;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0; <code>--client-ca-file=FILENAME</code> &#x6807;&#x5FD7;&#x542F;&#x7528;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#xFF0C;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7684;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x9881;&#x53D1;&#x673A;&#x6784;&#x5305;&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982; <code>--client-ca-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem</code>&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="kube-controller-manager-&#x914D;&#x7F6E;">kube-controller-manager &#x914D;&#x7F6E;</h3>
<p>&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7684; API &#x5411; Kubernetes controller manager &#x4E2D;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x9881;&#x53D1;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x3002;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x78C1;&#x76D8;&#x4E0A;&#x7684; <a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/introducing-cfssl/" target="_blank">cfssl</a> &#x672C;&#x5730;&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x3002;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x53D1;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x5747;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x5E74;&#x6709;&#x6548;&#x671F;&#x548C;&#x5E76;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x7CFB;&#x5217;&#x5173;&#x952E;&#x7528;&#x9014;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;">&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</h3>
<p>&#x60A8;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x9881;&#x53D1;&#x673A;&#x6784;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x624D;&#x80FD;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x9881;&#x53D1;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x6240;&#x9700;&#x7684;&#x5BC6;&#x7801;&#x8D44;&#x6599;&#x3002;</p>
<p>kube-apiserver &#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x7684; <code>--client-ca-file=FILENAME</code> &#x6807;&#x5FD7;&#x6765;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x548C;&#x91C7;&#x4FE1;&#x8BE5; CA&#x3002;CA &#x7684;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x8D85;&#x51FA;&#x4E86;&#x672C;&#x6587;&#x6863;&#x7684;&#x8303;&#x56F4;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#x60A8;&#x4E3A; Kubernetes &#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4E13;&#x7528;&#x7684; CA&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5047;&#x5B9A;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x548C;&#x5BC6;&#x94A5;&#x90FD;&#x662F; PEM &#x7F16;&#x7801;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Kube-controller-manager &#x6807;&#x5FD7;&#x4E3A;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>--cluster-signing-cert-file=&quot;/etc/path/to/kubernetes/ca/ca.crt&quot; --cluster-signing-key-file=&quot;/etc/path/to/kubernetes/ca/ca.key&quot;
</code></pre><h3 id="&#x5BA1;&#x6279;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5668;">&#x5BA1;&#x6279;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5668;</h3>
<p>&#x5728; kubernetes 1.7 &#x7248;&#x672C;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x5B9E;&#x9A8C;&#x6027;&#x7684; &#x201C;&#x7EC4;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x6279;&#x51C6;&#x201D; &#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5668;&#x88AB;&#x5F03;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x65B0;&#x7684; <code>csrapproving</code> &#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5668;&#x5C06;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A; <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/kube-controller-manager" target="_blank">kube-controller-manager</a> &#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#xFF0C;&#x88AB;&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x542F;&#x7528;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5668;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/authorization/#checking-api-access" target="_blank"><code>SubjectAccessReview</code> API</a> &#x6765;&#x786E;&#x5B9A;&#x7ED9;&#x5B9A;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x5DF2;&#x88AB;&#x6388;&#x6743;&#x5141;&#x8BB8;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42; CSR&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x6388;&#x6743;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6279;&#x51C6;&#x3002;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x9632;&#x6B62;&#x4E0E;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x6279;&#x51C6;&#x8005;&#x51B2;&#x7A81;&#xFF0C;&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x5BA1;&#x6279;&#x8005;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x660E;&#x786E;&#x5730;&#x62D2;&#x7EDD; CSR&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x5FFD;&#x7565;&#x672A;&#x7ECF;&#x6388;&#x6743;&#x7684;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5668;&#x5C06; CSR &#x5206;&#x4E3A;&#x4E09;&#x4E2A;&#x5B50;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ol>
<li><code>nodeclient</code> &#xFF1A;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42; <code>O=system:nodes</code>&#xFF0C; <code>CN=system:node:(node name)</code>&#x3002;</li>
<li><code>selfnodeclient</code>&#xFF1A;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x76F8;&#x540C; <code>O</code> &#x548C; <code>CN</code> &#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7684;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x3002;</li>
<li><code>selfnodeserver</code>&#xFF1A;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7684;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#xFF08;ALPHA&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981; feature gate&#xFF09;&#x3002;</li>
</ol>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#xFF0C;&#x786E;&#x5B9A; CSR &#x662F;&#x5426;&#x4E3A; <code>selfnodeserver</code> &#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x7684;&#x68C0;&#x67E5;&#x4E0E; kubelet &#x7684;&#x51ED;&#x636E;&#x8F6E;&#x6362;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#xFF08;Alpha &#x529F;&#x80FD;&#xFF09;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x8054;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;<code>selfnodeserver</code> &#x7684;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x5C06;&#x6765;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x6539;&#x53D8;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x9700;&#x8981; Controller Manager &#x4E0A;&#x7684;<code>RotateKubeletServerCertificate</code> feature gate&#x3002;&#x8BE5;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x7684;&#x8FDB;&#x5C55;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728; <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/features/issues/267" target="_blank">kubernetes/feature/#267</a> &#x4E0A;&#x8FFD;&#x8E2A;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code>--feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true
</code></pre><p>&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B; RBAC <code>ClusterRoles</code> &#x4EE3;&#x8868; <code>nodeClient</code>&#x3001;<code>selfnodeclient</code> &#x548C; <code>selfnodeserver</code> &#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x4EE5;&#x540E;&#x7684;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x4E2D;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x7684;&#x89D2;&#x8272;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Yaml"><span class="hljs-comment"># A ClusterRole which instructs the CSR approver to approve a user requesting</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># node client credentials.</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> ClusterRole
<span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> approve-node-client-csr
<span class="hljs-attr">rules:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">- apiGroups:</span> [<span class="hljs-string">&quot;certificates.k8s.io&quot;</span>]
<span class="hljs-attr"> resources:</span> [<span class="hljs-string">&quot;certificatesigningrequests/nodeclient&quot;</span>]
<span class="hljs-attr"> verbs:</span> [<span class="hljs-string">&quot;create&quot;</span>]
<span class="hljs-meta">---</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># A ClusterRole which instructs the CSR approver to approve a node renewing its</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># own client credentials.</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> ClusterRole
<span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> approve-node-client-renewal-csr
<span class="hljs-attr">rules:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">- apiGroups:</span> [<span class="hljs-string">&quot;certificates.k8s.io&quot;</span>]
<span class="hljs-attr"> resources:</span> [<span class="hljs-string">&quot;certificatesigningrequests/selfnodeclient&quot;</span>]
<span class="hljs-attr"> verbs:</span> [<span class="hljs-string">&quot;create&quot;</span>]
<span class="hljs-meta">---</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># A ClusterRole which instructs the CSR approver to approve a node requesting a</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># serving cert matching its client cert.</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> ClusterRole
<span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> approve-node-server-renewal-csr
<span class="hljs-attr">rules:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">- apiGroups:</span> [<span class="hljs-string">&quot;certificates.k8s.io&quot;</span>]
<span class="hljs-attr"> resources:</span> [<span class="hljs-string">&quot;certificatesigningrequests/selfnodeserver&quot;</span>]
<span class="hljs-attr"> verbs:</span> [<span class="hljs-string">&quot;create&quot;</span>]
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x6743;&#x529B;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6388;&#x4E88;&#x7ED9;&#x51ED;&#x8BC1;&#xFF0C;&#x5982; bootstrap token&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x8981;&#x590D;&#x5236;&#x7531;&#x5DF2;&#x88AB;&#x79FB;&#x9664;&#x7684;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x6279;&#x51C6;&#x6807;&#x5FD7;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7684;&#x884C;&#x4E3A;&#xFF0C;&#x7531;&#x5355;&#x4E2A;&#x7EC4;&#x6279;&#x51C6;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684; CSR&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code># REMOVED: This flag no longer works as of 1.7.
--insecure-experimental-approve-all-kubelet-csrs-for-group=&quot;kubelet-bootstrap-token&quot;
</code></pre><p>&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x5458;&#x5C06;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; <code>ClusterRoleBinding</code> &#x6765;&#x5B9A;&#x4F4D;&#x8BE5;&#x7EC4;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Yaml"><span class="hljs-comment"># Approve all CSRs for the group &quot;kubelet-bootstrap-token&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> ClusterRoleBinding
<span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> auto-approve-csrs-for-group
<span class="hljs-attr">subjects:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">- kind:</span> Group
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> kubelet-bootstrap-token
<span class="hljs-attr"> apiGroup:</span> rbac.authorization.k8s.io
<span class="hljs-attr">roleRef:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> kind:</span> ClusterRole
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> approve-node-client-csr
<span class="hljs-attr"> apiGroup:</span> rbac.authorization.k8s.io
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8981;&#x8BA9;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x7684;&#x51ED;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x5458;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; <code>ClusterRoleBinding</code> &#x6765;&#x5B9A;&#x4F4D;&#x8BE5;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7684;&#x51ED;&#x636E;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> ClusterRoleBinding
<span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> node1-client-cert-renewal
<span class="hljs-attr">subjects:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">- kind:</span> User
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> system:node:node<span class="hljs-bullet">-1</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># Let &quot;node-1&quot; renew its client certificate.</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> apiGroup:</span> rbac.authorization.k8s.io
<span class="hljs-attr">roleRef:</span>
<span class="hljs-attr"> kind:</span> ClusterRole
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> approve-node-client-renewal-csr
<span class="hljs-attr"> apiGroup:</span> rbac.authorization.k8s.io
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x8BE5;&#x7ED1;&#x5B9A;&#x5C06;&#x4F1A;&#x963B;&#x6B62;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x51ED;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x65E6;&#x5176;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x5230;&#x671F;&#xFF0C;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x4E0A;&#x5C31;&#x4F1A;&#x5C06;&#x5176;&#x4ECE;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x4E2D;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="kubelet-&#x914D;&#x7F6E;">kubelet &#x914D;&#x7F6E;</h2>
<p>&#x8981;&#x5411; kube-apiserver &#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#xFF0C;kubelet &#x9996;&#x5148;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5305;&#x542B; bootstrap &#x8EAB;&#x4EFD;&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1; token &#x7684; kubeconfig &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;&#x3002;&#x60A8;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>kubectl config set-cluster</code>&#xFF0C;<code>set-credentials</code> &#x548C; <code>set-context</code> &#x6765;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x6B64; kubeconfig &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;&#x4E3A; <code>kubectl config set-credentials</code> &#x63D0;&#x4F9B; <code>kubelet-bootstrap</code> &#x7684;&#x540D;&#x79F0;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x5305;&#x542B; <code>--token = &lt;token-value&gt;</code>&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x6240;&#x793A;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">kubectl config <span class="hljs-built_in">set</span>-credentials kubelet-bootstrap --token=<span class="hljs-variable">${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN}</span> --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
</code></pre>
<p>&#x542F;&#x52A8; kubelet &#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C; <code>--kubeconfig</code> &#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E0D;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; bootstrap kubeconfig &#x5411; API server &#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x6279;&#x51C6; <code>kubelet</code> &#x7684;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x548C;&#x56DE;&#x6267;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5C06;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E86;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x5BC6;&#x94A5;&#x548C;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7684; kubeconfig &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5199;&#x5165;&#x7531; <code>-kubeconfig</code> &#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;&#x3002;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x548C;&#x5BC6;&#x94A5;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5C06;&#x88AB;&#x653E;&#x7F6E;&#x5728;&#x7531; <code>--cert-dir</code> &#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E2D;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x542F;&#x52A8; kubelet &#x65F6;&#x542F;&#x7528; bootstrap &#x7528;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x6807;&#x5FD7;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>--experimental-bootstrap-kubeconfig=&quot;/path/to/bootstrap/kubeconfig&quot;
</code></pre><p>&#x6B64;&#x5916;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;1.7&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;kubelet &#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E86; <strong>Alpha</strong> &#x529F;&#x80FD;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x5176;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x548C;/&#x6216;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x90FD;&#x80FD;&#x8F6E;&#x8F6C;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x901A;&#x8FC7; kubelet &#x4E2D;&#x7684; <code>RotateKubeletClientCertificate</code> &#x548C; <code>RotateKubeletServerCertificate</code> &#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x6807;&#x5FD7;&#x542F;&#x7528;&#x6B64;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x5728;&#x672A;&#x6765;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x4E2D;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x4EE5;&#x5411;&#x540E;&#x517C;&#x5BB9;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code>--feature-gates=RotateKubeletClientCertificate=true,RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true
</code></pre><p><code>RotateKubeletClientCertificate</code> &#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BA9; kubelet &#x5728;&#x5176;&#x73B0;&#x6709;&#x51ED;&#x636E;&#x5230;&#x671F;&#x65F6;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x65B0;&#x7684; CSR &#x6765;&#x8F6E;&#x6362;&#x5176;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x3002; <code>RotateKubeletServerCertificate</code> &#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BA9; kubelet &#x5728;&#x5176;&#x5F15;&#x5BFC;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x51ED;&#x636E;&#x540E;&#x8FD8;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x8F6E;&#x6362;&#x8BE5;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x3002;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x4E0D;&#x8981;&#x6C42; DNS &#x6216; IP SANs&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="kubectl-&#x5BA1;&#x6279;">kubectl &#x5BA1;&#x6279;</h2>
<p>&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5668;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x7ACB;&#x5373;&#x7B7E;&#x7F72;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x3002;&#x76F8;&#x53CD;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4F1A;&#x4E00;&#x76F4;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x76F4;&#x5230;&#x9002;&#x5F53;&#x7279;&#x6743;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x88AB;&#x6807;&#x8BB0;&#x4E3A; &#x201C;&#x5DF2;&#x6279;&#x51C6;&#x201D; &#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x5C06;&#x662F;&#x7531;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x5BA1;&#x6279;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5668;&#x6765;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7684;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x5316;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E; alpha &#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684; API &#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7531;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x5458;&#x901A;&#x8FC7; kubectl &#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x624B;&#x52A8;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x5458;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>kubectl get csr</code> &#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x5217;&#x51FA;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684; CSR&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>kubectl describe csr &lt;name&gt;</code> &#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x67D0;&#x4E2A; CSR&#x7684;&#x8BE6;&#x7EC6;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;&#x5728; 1.6 &#x7248;&#x672C;&#x4EE5;&#x524D;&#xFF0C;<a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/30163" target="_blank">&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x7684;&#x6279;&#x51C6;/&#x62D2;&#x7EDD;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;</a> &#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x5BA1;&#x6279;&#x8005;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x66F4;&#x65B0; Status &#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF08;<a href="https://github.com/gtank/csrctl" target="_blank">&#x67E5;&#x770B;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;</a>&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x6B64;&#x540E;&#x7684; Kubernetes &#x7248;&#x672C;&#x4E2D;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86; <code>kubectl certificate approve &lt;name&gt;</code> &#x548C; <code>kubectl certificate deny &lt;name&gt;</code> &#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x3002; </p>
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