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1. 前言
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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<a href="../concepts/pod-overview.html">
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2.2.1 Pod
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</a>
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<ul class="articles">
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.1.1" data-path="../concepts/pod.html">
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<a href="../concepts/pod.html">
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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</a>
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<a href="../concepts/init-containers.html">
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.1.3" data-path="../concepts/pod-security-policy.html">
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<a href="../concepts/pod-security-policy.html">
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.1.4" data-path="../concepts/pod-lifecycle.html">
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<a href="../concepts/pod-lifecycle.html">
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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</a>
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</ul>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.2" data-path="../concepts/node.html">
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<a href="../concepts/node.html">
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2.2.2 Node
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.3" data-path="../concepts/namespace.html">
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<a href="../concepts/namespace.html">
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2.2.3 Namespace
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</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.4" data-path="../concepts/service.html">
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<a href="../concepts/service.html">
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2.2.4 Service
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.5" data-path="../concepts/volume.html">
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<a href="../concepts/volume.html">
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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||
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.6" data-path="../concepts/deployment.html">
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<a href="../concepts/deployment.html">
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2.2.6 Deployment
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.7" data-path="../concepts/secret.html">
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<a href="../concepts/secret.html">
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2.2.7 Secret
|
||
|
||
</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.8" data-path="../concepts/statefulset.html">
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||
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<a href="../concepts/statefulset.html">
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||
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
|
||
|
||
</a>
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|
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.9" data-path="../concepts/daemonset.html">
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<a href="../concepts/daemonset.html">
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
|
||
|
||
</a>
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</li>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.10" data-path="../concepts/serviceaccount.html">
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<a href="../concepts/serviceaccount.html">
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
|
||
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||
</a>
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</li>
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||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.11" data-path="../concepts/replicaset.html">
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<a href="../concepts/replicaset.html">
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||
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||
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||
2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
|
||
|
||
</a>
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||
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||
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||
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||
</li>
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||
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||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.12" data-path="../concepts/job.html">
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||
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<a href="../concepts/job.html">
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||
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||
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2.2.12 Job
|
||
|
||
</a>
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||
|
||
|
||
|
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</li>
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|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.13" data-path="../concepts/cronjob.html">
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||
|
||
<a href="../concepts/cronjob.html">
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||
|
||
|
||
2.2.13 CronJob
|
||
|
||
</a>
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||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.14" data-path="../concepts/ingress.html">
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||
|
||
<a href="../concepts/ingress.html">
|
||
|
||
|
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2.2.14 Ingress
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
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||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.15" data-path="../concepts/configmap.html">
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||
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<a href="../concepts/configmap.html">
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||
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.16" data-path="../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.17" data-path="../concepts/label.html">
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|
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<a href="../concepts/label.html">
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||
|
||
|
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2.2.17 Label
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.18" data-path="../concepts/garbage-collection.html">
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||
|
||
<a href="../concepts/garbage-collection.html">
|
||
|
||
|
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2.19" data-path="../concepts/network-policy.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../concepts/network-policy.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
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||
|
||
</li>
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||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
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</li>
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|
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3" data-path="./">
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<a href="./">
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3. 用户指南
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1" data-path="resource-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="resource-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.1 资源对象配置
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.1" data-path="configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.2" data-path="configure-pod-service-account.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="configure-pod-service-account.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter active" data-level="1.3.1.3" data-path="secret-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="secret-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.1.3 Secret配置
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.1.4" data-path="resource-quota-management.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="resource-quota-management.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.2.3 管理namespace中的资源配额
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2" data-path="command-usage.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="command-usage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.2 命令使用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.1" data-path="using-kubectl.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="using-kubectl.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.2.1 使用kubectl
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.2.2" data-path="docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.2.2 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3" data-path="cluster-security-management.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="cluster-security-management.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3 集群安全性管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.1" data-path="managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.2" data-path="kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.3" data-path="tls-bootstrapping.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="tls-bootstrapping.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.4" data-path="kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.5" data-path="rbac.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="rbac.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.3.6" data-path="ip-masq-agent.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="ip-masq-agent.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.3.6 IP伪装代理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4" data-path="access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.1" data-path="access-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="access-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.1 访问集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.2" data-path="authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.3" data-path="connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.4" data-path="service-access-application-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="service-access-application-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5" data-path="application-development-deployment-flow.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="application-development-deployment-flow.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.1" data-path="deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.2" data-path="migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="../practice/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4. 最佳实践
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1" data-path="../practice/install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.1" data-path="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.2" data-path="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.3" data-path="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.4" data-path="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.5" data-path="../practice/master-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/master-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.5 部署master节点
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.6" data-path="../practice/node-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/node-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.6 部署node节点
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.7" data-path="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.8" data-path="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.9" data-path="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.9 安装heapster插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.10" data-path="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.1.10 安装EFK插件
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2" data-path="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.1" data-path="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.2" data-path="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.2 分布式负载测试
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.3" data-path="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.4" data-path="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.2.4 边缘节点配置
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3" data-path="../practice/operation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/operation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3 运维管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.1" data-path="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.1 服务滚动升级
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.2" data-path="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.2 应用日志收集
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.3" data-path="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.3 配置最佳实践
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.4" data-path="../practice/monitor.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/monitor.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.4 集群及应用监控
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.5" data-path="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.6" data-path="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.6 数据持久化问题
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.7" data-path="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.8" data-path="../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.8 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.9" data-path="../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.9 使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.10" data-path="../practice/manually-upgrade.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/manually-upgrade.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.3.10 手动集群升级
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4" data-path="../practice/storage.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/storage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4 存储管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1" data-path="../practice/glusterfs.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/glusterfs.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.1 GlusterFS
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1.2" data-path="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.2" data-path="../practice/cephfs.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/cephfs.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.2 CephFS
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.2.1" data-path="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5" data-path="../practice/services-management-tool.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../practice/services-management-tool.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
4.5 服务编排管理
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="../usecases/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5. 领域应用
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1" data-path="../usecases/microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1 微服务架构
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1" data-path="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1 微服务中的服务发现
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2 Service Mesh 服务网格
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1" data-path="../usecases/istio.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/istio.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1 Istio
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1.1" data-path="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1.1 安装istio
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1.2" data-path="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.2" data-path="../usecases/linkerd.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/linkerd.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.2 Linkerd
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.2.1" data-path="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3" data-path="../usecases/big-data.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/big-data.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2 大数据
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.1" data-path="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.2" data-path="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4" data-path="../usecases/serverless.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../usecases/serverless.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
5.3 Serverless架构
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="../develop/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6. 开发指南
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.1" data-path="../develop/developing-environment.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/developing-environment.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.1 开发环境搭建
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2" data-path="../develop/testing.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/testing.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.2 单元测试和集成测试
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3" data-path="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.3 client-go示例
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.4" data-path="../develop/contribute.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../develop/contribute.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
6.4 社区贡献
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7" data-path="../appendix/">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7. 附录
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<ul class="articles">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.1" data-path="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.1 Docker最佳实践
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.2" data-path="../appendix/issues.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/issues.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.2 问题记录
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.3" data-path="../appendix/tricks.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/tricks.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.3 使用技巧
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.4" data-path="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.4 kubernetes service中的故障排查
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.7.5" data-path="../appendix/material-share.html">
|
||
|
||
<a href="../appendix/material-share.html">
|
||
|
||
|
||
7.5 Kubernetes相关资讯和情报链接
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="divider"></li>
|
||
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.gitbook.com" target="blank" class="gitbook-link">
|
||
本书使用 GitBook 发布
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="book-body">
|
||
|
||
<div class="body-inner">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="book-header" role="navigation">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!-- Title -->
|
||
<h1>
|
||
<i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i>
|
||
<a href=".." >3.1.3 Secret配置</a>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="page-wrapper" tabindex="-1" role="main">
|
||
<div class="page-inner">
|
||
|
||
<div class="search-plus" id="book-search-results">
|
||
<div class="search-noresults">
|
||
|
||
<section class="normal markdown-section">
|
||
|
||
<h1 id="secret-配置">Secret 配置</h1>
|
||
<p><code>Secret</code> 对象类型用来保存敏感信息，例如密码、OAuth 令牌和 ssh key。将这些信息放在 <code>secret</code> 中比放在 <code>pod</code> 的定义中或者 docker 镜像中来说更加安全和灵活。参阅 <a href="https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/secrets.md" target="_blank">Secret 设计文档</a> 获取更多详细信息。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="secret-概览">Secret 概览</h2>
|
||
<p>Secret 是一种包含少量敏感信息例如密码、token 或 key 的对象。这样的信息可能会被放在 Pod spec 中或者镜像中；将其放在一个 secret 对象中可以更好地控制它的用途，并降低意外暴露的风险。</p>
|
||
<p>用户可以创建 secret，同时系统也创建了一些 secret。</p>
|
||
<p>要使用 secret，pod 需要引用 secret。Pod 可以用两种方式使用 secret：作为 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/volumes" target="_blank">volume</a> 中的文件被挂载到 pod 中的一个或者多个容器里，或者当 kubelet 为 pod 拉取镜像时使用。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="内置-secret">内置 secret</h3>
|
||
<h4 id="service-account-使用-api-凭证自动创建和附加-secret">Service Account 使用 API 凭证自动创建和附加 secret</h4>
|
||
<p>Kubernetes 自动创建包含访问 API 凭据的 secret，并自动修改您的 pod 以使用此类型的 secret。</p>
|
||
<p>如果需要，可以禁用或覆盖自动创建和使用API凭据。但是，如果您需要的只是安全地访问 apiserver，我们推荐这样的工作流程。</p>
|
||
<p>参阅 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/service-accounts" target="_blank">Service Account</a> 文档获取关于 Service Account 如何工作的更多信息。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="创建您自己的-secret">创建您自己的 Secret</h3>
|
||
<h4 id="使用-kubectl-创建-secret">使用 kubectl 创建 Secret</h4>
|
||
<p>假设有些 pod 需要访问数据库。这些 pod 需要使用的用户名和密码在您本地机器的 <code>./username.txt</code> 和 <code>./password.txt</code> 文件里。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-bash"><span class="hljs-comment"># Create files needed for rest of example.</span>
|
||
$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> -n <span class="hljs-string">"admin"</span> > ./username.txt
|
||
$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> -n <span class="hljs-string">"1f2d1e2e67df"</span> > ./password.txt
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p><code>kubectl create secret</code> 命令将这些文件打包到一个 Secret 中并在 API server 中创建了一个对象。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ kubectl create secret generic db-user-pass --from-file=./username.txt --from-file=./password.txt
|
||
secret <span class="hljs-string">"db-user-pass"</span> created
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>您可以这样检查刚创建的 secret：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ kubectl get secrets
|
||
NAME TYPE DATA AGE
|
||
db-user-pass Opaque 2 51s
|
||
|
||
$ kubectl describe secrets/db-user-pass
|
||
Name: db-user-pass
|
||
Namespace: default
|
||
Labels: <none>
|
||
Annotations: <none>
|
||
|
||
Type: Opaque
|
||
|
||
Data
|
||
====
|
||
password.txt: 12 bytes
|
||
username.txt: 5 bytes
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>请注意，默认情况下，<code>get</code> 和 <code>describe</code> 命令都不会显示文件的内容。这是为了防止将 secret 中的内容被意外暴露给从终端日志记录中刻意寻找它们的人。</p>
|
||
<p>请参阅 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/secret.md#decoding-a-secret" target="_blank">解码 secret</a> 了解如何查看它们的内容。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="手动创建-secret">手动创建 Secret</h4>
|
||
<p>您也可以先以 json 或 yaml 格式在文件中创建一个 secret 对象，然后创建该对象。</p>
|
||
<p>每一项必须是 base64 编码：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> -n <span class="hljs-string">"admin"</span> | base64
|
||
YWRtaW4=
|
||
$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> -n <span class="hljs-string">"1f2d1e2e67df"</span> | base64
|
||
MWYyZDFlMmU2N2Rm
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>现在可以像这样写一个 secret 对象：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Secret
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> mysecret
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">type:</span> Opaque
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">data:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> username:</span> YWRtaW4=
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> password:</span> MWYyZDFlMmU2N2Rm
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>数据字段是一个映射。它的键必须匹配 <a href="https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/design-proposals/identifiers.md" target="_blank">DNS_SUBDOMAIN</a>，前导点也是可以的。这些值可以是任意数据，使用 base64 进行编码。</p>
|
||
<p>使用 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/kubectl/v1.7/#create" target="_blank"><code>kubectl create</code></a> 创建 secret：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ kubectl create <span class="hljs-_">-f</span> ./secret.yaml
|
||
secret <span class="hljs-string">"mysecret"</span> created
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p><strong>编码注意：</strong> secret 数据的序列化 JSON 和 YAML 值使用 base64 编码成字符串。换行符在这些字符串中无效，必须省略。当在Darwin/OS X上使用 <code>base64</code> 实用程序时，用户应避免使用 <code>-b</code> 选项来拆分长行。另外，对于 Linux用户如果 <code>-w</code> 选项不可用的话，应该添加选项 <code>-w 0</code> 到 <code>base64</code> 命令或管道 <code>base64 | tr -d '\n'</code> 。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="解码-secret">解码 Secret</h4>
|
||
<p>可以使用 <code>kubectl get secret</code> 命令获取 secret。例如，获取在上一节中创建的 secret：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ kubectl get secret mysecret -o yaml
|
||
apiVersion: v1
|
||
data:
|
||
username: YWRtaW4=
|
||
password: MWYyZDFlMmU2N2Rm
|
||
kind: Secret
|
||
metadata:
|
||
creationTimestamp: 2016-01-22T18:41:56Z
|
||
name: mysecret
|
||
namespace: default
|
||
resourceVersion: <span class="hljs-string">"164619"</span>
|
||
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/secrets/mysecret
|
||
uid: cfee02d6-c137-11e5-8d73-42010af00002
|
||
<span class="hljs-built_in">type</span>: Opaque
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>解码密码字段：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"MWYyZDFlMmU2N2Rm"</span> | base64 --decode
|
||
1f2d1e2e67df
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="使用-secret">使用 Secret</h3>
|
||
<p>Secret 可以作为数据卷被挂载，或作为环境变量暴露出来以供 pod 中的容器使用。它们也可以被系统的其他部分使用，而不直接暴露在 pod 内。例如，它们可以保存凭据，系统的其他部分应该用它来代表您与外部系统进行交互。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="在-pod-中使用-secret-文件">在 Pod 中使用 Secret 文件</h4>
|
||
<p>在 Pod 中的 volume 里使用 Secret：</p>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>创建一个 secret 或者使用已有的 secret。多个 pod 可以引用同一个 secret。</li>
|
||
<li>修改您的 pod 的定义在 <code>spec.volumes[]</code> 下增加一个 volume。可以给这个 volume 随意命名，它的 <code>spec.volumes[].secret.secretName</code> 必须等于 secret 对象的名字。</li>
|
||
<li>将 <code>spec.containers[].volumeMounts[]</code> 加到需要用到该 secret 的容器中。指定 <code>spec.containers[].volumeMounts[].readOnly = true</code> 和 <code>spec.containers[].volumeMounts[].mountPath</code> 为您想要该 secret 出现的尚未使用的目录。</li>
|
||
<li>修改您的镜像并且／或者命令行让程序从该目录下寻找文件。Secret 的 <code>data</code> 映射中的每一个键都成为了 <code>mountPath</code> 下的一个文件名。</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>这是一个在 pod 中使用 volume 挂在 secret 的例子：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Pod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> mypod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> mypod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> redis
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumeMounts:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> foo
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> mountPath:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"/etc/foo"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> readOnly:</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumes:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> foo
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> secret:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> secretName:</span> mysecret
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>您想要用的每个 secret 都需要在 <code>spec.volumes</code> 中指明。</p>
|
||
<p>如果 pod 中有多个容器，每个容器都需要自己的 <code>volumeMounts</code> 配置块，但是每个 secret 只需要一个 <code>spec.volumes</code>。</p>
|
||
<p>您可以打包多个文件到一个 secret 中，或者使用的多个 secret，怎样方便就怎样来。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>向特性路径映射 secret 密钥</strong></p>
|
||
<p>我们还可以控制 Secret key 映射在 volume 中的路径。您可以使用 <code>spec.volumes[].secret.items</code> 字段修改每个 key 的目标路径：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Pod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> mypod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> mypod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> redis
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumeMounts:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> foo
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> mountPath:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"/etc/foo"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> readOnly:</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumes:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> foo
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> secret:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> secretName:</span> mysecret
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> items:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - key:</span> username
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> path:</span> my-group/my-username
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>将会发生什么呢：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>username</code> secret 存储在 <code>/etc/foo/my-group/my-username</code> 文件中而不是 <code>/etc/foo/username</code> 中。</li>
|
||
<li><code>password</code> secret 没有被影射</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>如果使用了 <code>spec.volumes[].secret.items</code>，只有在 <code>items</code> 中指定的 key 被影射。要使用 secret 中所有的 key，所有这些都必须列在 <code>items</code> 字段中。所有列出的密钥必须存在于相应的 secret 中。否则，不会创建卷。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>Secret 文件权限</strong></p>
|
||
<p>您还可以指定 secret 将拥有的权限模式位文件。如果不指定，默认使用 <code>0644</code>。您可以为整个保密卷指定默认模式，如果需要，可以覆盖每个密钥。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Pod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> mypod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> mypod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> redis
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumeMounts:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> foo
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> mountPath:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"/etc/foo"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumes:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> foo
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> secret:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> secretName:</span> mysecret
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> defaultMode:</span> <span class="hljs-number">256</span>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>然后，secret 将被挂载到 <code>/etc/foo</code> 目录，所有通过该 secret volume 挂载创建的文件的权限都是 <code>0400</code>。</p>
|
||
<p>请注意，JSON 规范不支持八进制符号，因此使用 256 值作为 0400 权限。如果您使用 yaml 而不是 json 作为 pod，则可以使用八进制符号以更自然的方式指定权限。</p>
|
||
<p>您还可以是用映射，如上一个示例，并为不同的文件指定不同的权限，如下所示：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Pod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> mypod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> mypod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> redis
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumeMounts:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> foo
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> mountPath:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"/etc/foo"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumes:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> foo
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> secret:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> secretName:</span> mysecret
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> items:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - key:</span> username
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> path:</span> my-group/my-username
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> mode:</span> <span class="hljs-number">511</span>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>在这种情况下，导致 <code>/etc/foo/my-group/my-username</code> 的文件的权限值为 <code>0777</code>。由于 JSON 限制，必须以十进制格式指定模式。</p>
|
||
<p>请注意，如果稍后阅读此权限值可能会以十进制格式显示。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>从 Volume 中消费 secret 值</strong></p>
|
||
<p>在挂载的 secret volume 的容器内，secret key 将作为文件，并且 secret 的值使用 base-64 解码并存储在这些文件中。这是在上面的示例容器内执行的命令的结果：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ ls /etc/foo/
|
||
username
|
||
password
|
||
$ cat /etc/foo/username
|
||
admin
|
||
$ cat /etc/foo/password
|
||
1f2d1e2e67df
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>容器中的程序负责从文件中读取 secret。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>挂载的 secret 被自动更新</strong></p>
|
||
<p>当已经在 volume 中消被消费的 secret 被更新时，被映射的 key 也将被更新。</p>
|
||
<p>Kubelet 在周期性同步时检查被挂载的 secret 是不是最新的。但是，它正在使用其基于本地 ttl 的缓存来获取当前的 secret 值。结果是，当 secret 被更新的时刻到将新的 secret 映射到 pod 的时刻的总延迟可以与 kubelet 中的secret 缓存的 kubelet sync period + ttl 一样长。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="secret-作为环境变量">Secret 作为环境变量</h4>
|
||
<p>将 secret 作为 pod 中的环境变量使用：</p>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>创建一个 secret 或者使用一个已存在的 secret。多个 pod 可以引用同一个 secret。</li>
|
||
<li>在每个容器中修改您想要使用 secret key 的 Pod 定义，为要使用的每个 secret key 添加一个环境变量。消费secret key 的环境变量应填充 secret 的名称，并键入 <code>env[x].valueFrom.secretKeyRef</code>。</li>
|
||
<li>修改镜像并／或者命令行，以便程序在指定的环境变量中查找值。</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Pod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> secret-env-pod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> mycontainer
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> redis
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> env:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> SECRET_USERNAME
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> valueFrom:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> secretKeyRef:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> mysecret
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> key:</span> username
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> SECRET_PASSWORD
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> valueFrom:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> secretKeyRef:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> mysecret
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> key:</span> password
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> restartPolicy:</span> Never
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p><strong>消费环境变量里的 Secret 值</strong></p>
|
||
<p>在一个消耗环境变量 secret 的容器中，secret key 作为包含 secret 数据的 base-64 解码值的常规环境变量。这是从上面的示例在容器内执行的命令的结果：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$SECRET_USERNAME</span>
|
||
admin
|
||
$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$SECRET_PASSWORD</span>
|
||
1f2d1e2e67df
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h4 id="使用-imagepullsecret">使用 imagePullSecret</h4>
|
||
<p>imagePullSecret 是将包含 Docker（或其他）镜像注册表密码的 secret 传递给 Kubelet 的一种方式，因此可以代表您的 pod 拉取私有镜像。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>手动指定 imagePullSecret</strong></p>
|
||
<p>imagePullSecret 的使用在 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/containers/images/#specifying-imagepullsecrets-on-a-pod" target="_blank">镜像文档</a> 中说明。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="安排-imagepullsecrets-自动附加">安排 imagePullSecrets 自动附加</h3>
|
||
<p>您可以手动创建 imagePullSecret，并从 serviceAccount 引用它。使用该 serviceAccount 创建的任何 pod 和默认使用该 serviceAccount 的 pod 将会将其的 imagePullSecret 字段设置为服务帐户的 imagePullSecret 字段。有关该过程的详细说明，请参阅 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-service-account/#adding-imagepullsecrets-to-a-service-account" target="_blank">将 ImagePullSecrets 添加到服务帐户</a>。</p>
|
||
<h4 id="自动挂载手动创建的-secret">自动挂载手动创建的 Secret</h4>
|
||
<p>手动创建的 secret（例如包含用于访问 github 帐户的令牌）可以根据其服务帐户自动附加到 pod。请参阅 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/run-application/podpreset" target="_blank">使用 PodPreset 向 Pod 中注入信息</a> 以获取该进程的详细说明。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="详细">详细</h2>
|
||
<h3 id="限制">限制</h3>
|
||
<p>验证 secret volume 来源确保指定的对象引用实际上指向一个类型为 Secret 的对象。因此，需要在依赖于它的任何 pod 之前创建一个 secret。</p>
|
||
<p>Secret API 对象驻留在命名空间中。它们只能由同一命名空间中的 pod 引用。</p>
|
||
<p>每个 secret 的大小限制为1MB。这是为了防止创建非常大的 secret 会耗尽 apiserver 和 kubelet 的内存。然而，创建许多较小的 secret 也可能耗尽内存。更全面得限制 secret 对内存使用的更全面的限制是计划中的功能。</p>
|
||
<p>Kubelet 仅支持从 API server 获取的 Pod 使用 secret。这包括使用 kubectl 创建的任何 pod，或间接通过 replication controller 创建的 pod。它不包括通过 kubelet <code>--manifest-url</code> 标志，其 <code>--config</code> 标志或其 REST API 创建的pod（这些不是创建 pod 的常用方法）。</p>
|
||
<p>必须先创建 secret，除非将它们标记为可选项，否则必须在将其作为环境变量在 pod 中使用之前创建 secret。对不存在的 secret 的引用将阻止其启动。</p>
|
||
<p>通过 <code>secretKeyRef</code> 对不存在于命名的 key 中的 key 进行引用将阻止该启动。</p>
|
||
<p>用于通过 <code>envFrom</code> 填充环境变量的 secret，这些环境变量具有被认为是无效环境变量名称的 key 将跳过这些键。该 pod 将被允许启动。将会有一个事件，其原因是 <code>InvalidVariableNames</code>，该消息将包含被跳过的无效键的列表。该示例显示一个 pod，它指的是包含2个无效键，1badkey 和 2alsobad 的默认/mysecret ConfigMap。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ kubectl get events
|
||
LASTSEEN FIRSTSEEN COUNT NAME KIND SUBOBJECT TYPE REASON
|
||
0s 0s 1 dapi-test-pod Pod Warning InvalidEnvironmentVariableNames kubelet, 127.0.0.1 Keys [1badkey, 2alsobad] from the EnvFrom secret default/mysecret were skipped since they are considered invalid environment variable names.
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="secret-与-pod-生命周期的联系">Secret 与 Pod 生命周期的联系</h3>
|
||
<p>通过 API 创建的 Pod 时，不会检查应用的 secret 是否存在。一旦 Pod 被调度，kubelet 就会尝试获取该 secret 的值。如果获取不到该 secret，或者暂时无法与 API server 建立连接，kubelet 将会定期重试。Kubelet 将会报告关于 pod 的事件，并解释它无法启动的原因。一旦获取的 secret，kubelet将创建并装载一个包含它的卷。在安装所有pod的卷之前，都不会启动 pod 的容器。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="使用案例">使用案例</h2>
|
||
<h3 id="使用案例：包含-ssh-密钥的-pod">使用案例：包含 ssh 密钥的 pod</h3>
|
||
<p>创建一个包含 ssh key 的 secret：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ kubectl create secret generic ssh-key-secret --from-file=ssh-privatekey=/path/to/.ssh/id_rsa --from-file=ssh-publickey=/path/to/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p><strong>安全性注意事项</strong>：发送自己的 ssh 密钥之前要仔细思考：集群的其他用户可能有权访问该密钥。使用您想要共享 Kubernetes 群集的所有用户可以访问的服务帐户，如果它们遭到入侵，可以撤销。</p>
|
||
<p>现在我们可以创建一个使用 ssh 密钥引用 secret 的pod，并在一个卷中使用它：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Pod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> secret-test-pod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> labels:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> secret-test
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumes:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> secret-volume
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> secret:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> secretName:</span> ssh-key-secret
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> ssh-test-container
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> mySshImage
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumeMounts:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> secret-volume
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> readOnly:</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> mountPath:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"/etc/secret-volume"</span>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>当容器中的命令运行时，密钥的片段将可在以下目录：</p>
|
||
<pre><code>/etc/secret-volume/ssh-publickey
|
||
/etc/secret-volume/ssh-privatekey
|
||
</code></pre><p>然后容器可以自由使用密钥数据建立一个 ssh 连接。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="使用案例：包含-prodtest-凭据的-pod">使用案例：包含 prod/test 凭据的 pod</h3>
|
||
<p>下面的例子说明一个 pod 消费一个包含 prod 凭据的 secret，另一个 pod 使用测试环境凭据消费 secret。</p>
|
||
<p>创建 secret：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ kubectl create secret generic prod-db-secret --from-literal=username=produser --from-literal=password=Y4nys7f11
|
||
secret <span class="hljs-string">"prod-db-secret"</span> created
|
||
$ kubectl create secret generic <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span>-db-secret --from-literal=username=testuser --from-literal=password=iluvtests
|
||
secret <span class="hljs-string">"test-db-secret"</span> created
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>创建 pod ：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> List
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">items:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">- kind:</span> Pod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> apiVersion:</span> v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> prod-db-client-pod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> labels:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> prod-db-client
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumes:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> secret-volume
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> secret:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> secretName:</span> prod-db-secret
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> db-client-container
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> myClientImage
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumeMounts:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> secret-volume
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> readOnly:</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> mountPath:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"/etc/secret-volume"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">- kind:</span> Pod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> apiVersion:</span> v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> test-db-client-pod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> labels:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> test-db-client
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumes:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> secret-volume
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> secret:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> secretName:</span> test-db-secret
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> db-client-container
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> myClientImage
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumeMounts:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> secret-volume
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> readOnly:</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> mountPath:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"/etc/secret-volume"</span>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>这两个容器将在其文件系统上显示以下文件，其中包含每个容器环境的值：</p>
|
||
<pre><code>/etc/secret-volume/username
|
||
/etc/secret-volume/password
|
||
</code></pre><p>请注意，两个 pod 的 spec 配置中仅有一个字段有所不同；这有助于使用普通的 pod 配置模板创建具有不同功能的 pod。您可以使用两个 service account 进一步简化基本 pod spec：一个名为 <code>prod-user</code> 拥有 <code>prod-db-secret</code> ，另一个称为 <code>test-user</code> 拥有 <code>test-db-secret</code> 。然后，pod spec 可以缩短为，例如：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Pod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> prod-db-client-pod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> labels:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> prod-db-client
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> serviceAccount:</span> prod-db-client
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> db-client-container
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> myClientImage
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="使用案例：secret-卷中以点号开头的文件">使用案例：secret 卷中以点号开头的文件</h3>
|
||
<p>为了将数据“隐藏”起来（即文件名以点号开头的文件），简单地说让该键以一个点开始。例如，当如下 secret 被挂载到卷中：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Secret
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> dotfile-secret
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">data:</span>
|
||
.secret-file: dmFsdWUtMg0KDQo=
|
||
<span class="hljs-meta">---</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">kind:</span> Pod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">apiVersion:</span> v1
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">metadata:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> name:</span> secret-dotfiles-pod
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr">spec:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumes:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> secret-volume
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> secret:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> secretName:</span> dotfile-secret
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> containers:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> dotfile-test-container
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> image:</span> gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> command:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> ls
|
||
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> <span class="hljs-string">"-l"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-bullet"> -</span> <span class="hljs-string">"/etc/secret-volume"</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> volumeMounts:</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> - name:</span> secret-volume
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> readOnly:</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>
|
||
<span class="hljs-attr"> mountPath:</span> <span class="hljs-string">"/etc/secret-volume"</span>
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p><code>Secret-volume</code> 将包含一个单独的文件，叫做 <code>.secret-file</code>，<code>dotfile-test-container</code> 的 <code>/etc/secret-volume/.secret-file</code>路径下将有该文件。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>注意</strong></p>
|
||
<p>以点号开头的文件在 <code>ls -l</code> 的输出中被隐藏起来了；列出目录内容时，必须使用 <code>ls -la</code> 才能查看它们。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="使用案例：secret-仅对-pod-中的一个容器可见">使用案例：Secret 仅对 pod 中的一个容器可见</h3>
|
||
<p>考虑以下一个需要处理 HTTP 请求的程序，执行一些复杂的业务逻辑，然后使用 HMAC 签署一些消息。因为它具有复杂的应用程序逻辑，所以在服务器中可能会出现一个未被注意的远程文件读取漏洞，这可能会将私钥暴露给攻击者。</p>
|
||
<p>这可以在两个容器中分为两个进程：前端容器，用于处理用户交互和业务逻辑，但无法看到私钥；以及可以看到私钥的签名者容器，并且响应来自前端的简单签名请求（例如通过本地主机网络）。</p>
|
||
<p>使用这种分割方法，攻击者现在必须欺骗应用程序服务器才能进行任意的操作，这可能比使其读取文件更难。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="最佳实践">最佳实践</h2>
|
||
<h3 id="客户端使用-secret-api">客户端使用 secret API</h3>
|
||
<p>当部署与 secret API 交互的应用程序时，应使用诸如 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/authorization/rbac/" target="_blank">RBAC</a> 之类的 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/authorization/" target="_blank">授权策略</a> 来限制访问。</p>
|
||
<p>Secret 的重要性通常不尽相同，其中许多可能只对 Kubernetes 集群内（例如 service account 令牌）和对外部系统造成影响。即使一个应用程序可以理解其期望的与之交互的 secret 的权力，但是同一命名空间中的其他应用程序也可以使这些假设无效。</p>
|
||
<p>由于这些原因，在命名空间中 <code>watch</code> 和 <code>list</code> secret 的请求是非常强大的功能，应该避免这样的行为，因为列出 secret 可以让客户端检查所有 secret 是否在该命名空间中。在群集中<code>watch</code> 和 <code>list</code> 所有 secret 的能力应该只保留给最有特权的系统级组件。</p>
|
||
<p>需要访问 secrets API 的应用程序应该根据他们需要的 secret 执行 <code>get</code> 请求。这允许管理员限制对所有 secret 的访问，同时设置 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/authorization/rbac/#referring-to-resources" target="_blank">白名单访问</a> 应用程序需要的各个实例。</p>
|
||
<p>为了提高循环获取的性能，客户端可以设计引用 secret 的资源，然后 <code>watch</code> 资源，在引用更改时重新请求 secret。此外，还提出了一种 <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/design-proposals/bulk_watch.md" target="_blank">”批量监控“ API</a> 来让客户端 <code>watch</code> 每个资源，该功能可能会在将来的 Kubernetes 版本中提供。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="安全属性">安全属性</h2>
|
||
<h3 id="保护">保护</h3>
|
||
<p>因为 <code>secret</code> 对象可以独立于使用它们的 <code>pod</code> 而创建，所以在创建、查看和编辑 pod 的流程中 secret 被暴露的风险较小。系统还可以对 <code>secret</code> 对象采取额外的预防措施，例如避免将其写入到磁盘中可能的位置。</p>
|
||
<p>只有当节点上的 pod 需要用到该 secret 时，该 secret 才会被发送到该节点上。它不会被写入磁盘，而是存储在 tmpfs 中。一旦依赖于它的 pod 被删除，它就被删除。</p>
|
||
<p>在大多数 Kubernetes 项目维护的发行版中，用户与 API server 之间的通信以及从 API server 到 kubelet 的通信都受到 SSL/TLS 的保护。通过这些通道传输时，secret 受到保护。</p>
|
||
<p>节点上的 secret 数据存储在 tmpfs 卷中，因此不会传到节点上的其他磁盘。</p>
|
||
<p>同一节点上的很多个 pod 可能拥有多个 secret。但是，只有 pod 请求的 secret 在其容器中才是可见的。因此，一个 pod 不能访问另一个 Pod 的 secret。</p>
|
||
<p>Pod 中有多个容器。但是，pod 中的每个容器必须请求其挂载卷中的 secret 卷才能在容器内可见。这可以用于 <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/secret.md#use-case-secret-visible-to-one-container-in-a-pod" target="_blank">在 Pod 级别构建安全分区</a>。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="风险">风险</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>API server 的 secret 数据以纯文本的方式存储在 etcd 中；因此：<ul>
|
||
<li>管理员应该限制 admin 用户访问 etcd；</li>
|
||
<li>API server 中的 secret 数据位于 etcd 使用的磁盘上；管理员可能希望在不再使用时擦除/粉碎 etcd 使用的磁盘</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>如果您将 secret 数据编码为 base64 的清单（JSON 或 YAML）文件，共享该文件或将其检入代码库，这样的话该密码将会被泄露。 Base64 编码不是一种加密方式，一样也是纯文本。</li>
|
||
<li>应用程序在从卷中读取 secret 后仍然需要保护 secret 的值，例如不会意外记录或发送给不信任方。</li>
|
||
<li>可以创建和使用 secret 的 pod 的用户也可以看到该 secret 的值。即使 API server 策略不允许用户读取 secret 对象，用户也可以运行暴露 secret 的 pod。</li>
|
||
<li>如果运行了多个副本，那么这些 secret 将在它们之间共享。默认情况下，etcd 不能保证与 SSL/TLS 的对等通信，尽管可以进行配置。</li>
|
||
<li>目前，任何节点的 root 用户都可以通过模拟 kubelet 来读取 API server 中的任何 secret。只有向实际需要它们的节点发送 secret 才能限制单个节点的根漏洞的影响，该功能还在计划中。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>原文地址：<a href="https://github.com/rootsongjc/kubernetes.github.io/blob/master/docs/concepts/configuration/secret.md" target="_blank">https://github.com/rootsongjc/kubernetes.github.io/blob/master/docs/concepts/configuration/secret.md</a> </p>
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