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1. 前言
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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3.2.2 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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3.3 集群安全性管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.3.6 IP伪装代理
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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<a href="storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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4.4.2 CephFS
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4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
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5. 领域应用
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5.1 微服务架构
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5.1.1 Istio
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1.1" data-path="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
5.1.1.1 安装istio
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1.2" data-path="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
<a href="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2" data-path="../usecases/linkerd.html">
<a href="../usecases/linkerd.html">
5.1.2 Linkerd
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.2.1" data-path="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
<a href="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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</ul>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.3" data-path="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
5.1.3 微服务中的服务发现
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<a href="../usecases/big-data.html">
5.2 大数据
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<a href="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.2" data-path="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
<a href="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
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</ul>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3" data-path="../usecases/serverless.html">
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5.3 Serverless架构
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="../develop/">
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6. 开发指南
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<a href="../develop/developing-environment.html">
6.1 开发环境搭建
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6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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6.3 client-go示例
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<a href=".." >4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群</a>
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<h1 id="&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x9AD8;&#x53EF;&#x7528;-etcd-&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;">&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x9AD8;&#x53EF;&#x7528; etcd &#x96C6;&#x7FA4;</h1>
<p>kuberntes &#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; etcd &#x5B58;&#x50A8;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x672C;&#x6587;&#x6863;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4E09;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x9AD8;&#x53EF;&#x7528; etcd &#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x7684;&#x6B65;&#x9AA4;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E09;&#x4E2A;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x590D;&#x7528; kubernetes master &#x673A;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x547D;&#x540D;&#x4E3A;<code>sz-pg-oam-docker-test-001.tendcloud.com</code>&#x3001;<code>sz-pg-oam-docker-test-002.tendcloud.com</code>&#x3001;<code>sz-pg-oam-docker-test-003.tendcloud.com</code>&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>sz-pg-oam-docker-test-001.tendcloud.com&#xFF1A;172.20.0.113</li>
<li>sz-pg-oam-docker-test-002.tendcloud.com&#xFF1A;172.20.0.114</li>
<li>sz-pg-oam-docker-test-003.tendcloud.com&#xFF1A;172.20.0.115</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="tls-&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;">TLS &#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</h2>
<p>&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4E3A; etcd &#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x52A0;&#x5BC6;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x7684; TLS &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x590D;&#x7528;&#x4EE5;&#x524D;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7684; kubernetes &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">cp ca.pem kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>kubernetes &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x7684; <code>hosts</code> &#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x4E2D;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x4E09;&#x53F0;&#x673A;&#x5668;&#x7684; IP&#xFF0C;&#x5426;&#x5219;&#x540E;&#x7EED;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x6821;&#x9A8C;&#x4F1A;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#xFF1B;</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="&#x4E0B;&#x8F7D;&#x4E8C;&#x8FDB;&#x5236;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;">&#x4E0B;&#x8F7D;&#x4E8C;&#x8FDB;&#x5236;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</h2>
<p>&#x5230; <code>https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases</code> &#x9875;&#x9762;&#x4E0B;&#x8F7D;&#x6700;&#x65B0;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x4E8C;&#x8FDB;&#x5236;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">wget https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download/v3.1.5/etcd-v3.1.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xvf etcd-v3.1.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.1.5-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/bin
</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#x521B;&#x5EFA;-etcd-&#x7684;-systemd-unit-&#x6587;&#x4EF6;">&#x521B;&#x5EFA; etcd &#x7684; systemd unit &#x6587;&#x4EF6;</h2>
<p>&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#x66FF;&#x6362;IP&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x4E3A;&#x4F60;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x7684;etcd&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x7684;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;IP&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
Documentation=https://github.com/coreos
[Service]
Type=notify
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/etcd/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/usr/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/bin/etcd \
--name <span class="hljs-variable">${ETCD_NAME}</span> \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
--peer-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls <span class="hljs-variable">${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS}</span> \
--listen-peer-urls <span class="hljs-variable">${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS}</span> \
--listen-client-urls <span class="hljs-variable">${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS}</span>,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls <span class="hljs-variable">${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS}</span> \
--initial-cluster-token <span class="hljs-variable">${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN}</span> \
--initial-cluster infra1=https://172.20.0.113:2380,infra2=https://172.20.0.114:2380,infra3=https://172.20.0.115:2380 \
--initial-cluster-state new \
--data-dir=<span class="hljs-variable">${ETCD_DATA_DIR}</span>
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>&#x6307;&#x5B9A; <code>etcd</code> &#x7684;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E3A; <code>/var/lib/etcd</code>&#xFF0C;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E3A; <code>/var/lib/etcd</code>&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x5728;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x524D;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x8FD9;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6307;&#x5B9A; etcd &#x7684;&#x516C;&#x79C1;&#x94A5;(cert-file&#x548C;key-file)&#x3001;Peers &#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x7684;&#x516C;&#x79C1;&#x94A5;&#x548C; CA &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;(peer-cert-file&#x3001;peer-key-file&#x3001;peer-trusted-ca-file)&#x3001;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;CA&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#xFF08;trusted-ca-file&#xFF09;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>&#x521B;&#x5EFA; <code>kubernetes.pem</code> &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x65F6;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684; <code>kubernetes-csr.json</code> &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684; <code>hosts</code> &#x5B57;&#x6BB5;<strong>&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x6240;&#x6709; etcd &#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7684;IP</strong>&#xFF0C;&#x5426;&#x5219;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x6821;&#x9A8C;&#x4F1A;&#x51FA;&#x9519;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li><code>--initial-cluster-state</code> &#x503C;&#x4E3A; <code>new</code> &#x65F6;&#xFF0C;<code>--name</code> &#x7684;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x503C;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x4F4D;&#x4E8E; <code>--initial-cluster</code> &#x5217;&#x8868;&#x4E2D;&#xFF1B;</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x5B8C;&#x6574; unit &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x89C1;&#xFF1A;<a href="../systemd/etcd.service">etcd.service</a></p>
<p>&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;<code>/etc/etcd/etcd.conf</code>&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-ini"><span class="hljs-comment"># [member]</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">ETCD_NAME</span>=infra1
<span class="hljs-attr">ETCD_DATA_DIR</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;/var/lib/etcd&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;https://172.20.0.113:2380&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;https://172.20.0.113:2379&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">#[cluster]</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;https://172.20.0.113:2380&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;etcd-cluster&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-attr">ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS</span>=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;https://172.20.0.113:2379&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x662F;172.20.0.113&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7684;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;etcd&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x53EA;&#x8981;&#x5C06;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;IP&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x6539;&#x6210;&#x76F8;&#x5E94;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7684;IP&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x5373;&#x53EF;&#x3002;ETCD_NAME&#x6362;&#x6210;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7684;infra1/2/3&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="&#x542F;&#x52A8;-etcd-&#x670D;&#x52A1;">&#x542F;&#x52A8; etcd &#x670D;&#x52A1;</h2>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">mv etcd.service /etc/systemd/system/
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl <span class="hljs-built_in">enable</span> etcd
systemctl start etcd
stemctl status etcd
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5728;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684; kubernetes master &#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x91CD;&#x590D;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x6B65;&#x9AA4;&#xFF0C;&#x76F4;&#x5230;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x673A;&#x5668;&#x7684; etcd &#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x90FD;&#x5DF2;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;&#x670D;&#x52A1;">&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;&#x670D;&#x52A1;</h2>
<p>&#x5728;&#x4EFB;&#x4E00; kubernetes master &#x673A;&#x5668;&#x4E0A;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ etcdctl \
--ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
--key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
cluster-health
2017-04-11 15:17:09.082250 I | warning: ignoring ServerName <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> user-provided CA <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> backwards compatibility is deprecated
2017-04-11 15:17:09.083681 I | warning: ignoring ServerName <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> user-provided CA <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> backwards compatibility is deprecated
member 9a2ec640d25672e5 is healthy: got healthy result from https://172.20.0.115:2379
member bc6f27ae3be34308 is healthy: got healthy result from https://172.20.0.114:2379
member e5c92ea26c4edba0 is healthy: got healthy result from https://172.20.0.113:2379
cluster is healthy
</code></pre>
<p>&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x4E00;&#x884C;&#x4E3A; <code>cluster is healthy</code> &#x65F6;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x6B63;&#x5E38;&#x3002;</p>
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