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<title>部署 master 节点 · Kubernetes Handbook - Kubernetes 中文指南/云原生应用架构实践手册 · Jimmy Song</title>
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<a href="https://jimmysong.io" target="_blank" class="custom-link">回到主页</a>
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<li>
<a href="https://jimmysong.io/awesome-cloud-native" target="_blank" class="custom-link">云原生开源项目大全</a>
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<a href="https://cloudnative.to" target="_blank" class="custom-link">云原生社区</a>
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<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="header">前言</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="../">
<a href="../">
<b>1.1.</b>
序言
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">云原生</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-definition.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-definition.html">
<b>2.1.</b>
云原生（Cloud Native）的定义
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.2" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-philosophy.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-philosophy.html">
<b>2.2.</b>
云原生的设计哲学
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3" data-path="../cloud-native/kubernetes-history.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/kubernetes-history.html">
<b>2.3.</b>
Kubernetes 的诞生
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.4" data-path="../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html">
<b>2.4.</b>
Kubernetes 与云原生应用概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.5" data-path="../cloud-native/from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html">
<b>2.5.</b>
云原生应用之路 —— 从 Kubernetes 到云原生
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6" data-path="../cloud-native/define-cloud-native-app.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/define-cloud-native-app.html">
<b>2.6.</b>
定义云原生应用
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1" data-path="../cloud-native/oam.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/oam.html">
<b>2.6.1.</b>
OAM
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.1" data-path="../cloud-native/workload.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/workload.html">
<b>2.6.1.1.</b>
Workload
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.2" data-path="../cloud-native/component.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/component.html">
<b>2.6.1.2.</b>
Component
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.3" data-path="../cloud-native/trait.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/trait.html">
<b>2.6.1.3.</b>
Trait
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.4" data-path="../cloud-native/application-scope.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/application-scope.html">
<b>2.6.1.4.</b>
Application Scope
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.1.5" data-path="../cloud-native/application-configuration.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/application-configuration.html">
<b>2.6.1.5.</b>
Application Configuration
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6.2" data-path="../cloud-native/crossplane.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/crossplane.html">
<b>2.6.2.</b>
Crossplane
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-languages.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-languages.html">
<b>2.7.</b>
云原生编程语言
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-ballerina.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-ballerina.html">
<b>2.7.1.</b>
云原生编程语言 Ballerina
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7.2" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-pulumi.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-pulumi.html">
<b>2.7.2.</b>
云原生编程语言 Pulumi
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.8" data-path="../cloud-native/the-future-of-cloud-native.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/the-future-of-cloud-native.html">
<b>2.8.</b>
云原生的未来
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">快速入门</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="../cloud-native/quick-start.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/quick-start.html">
<b>3.1.</b>
云原生新手入门指南
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2" data-path="../cloud-native/play-with-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/play-with-kubernetes.html">
<b>3.2.</b>
Play with Kubernetes
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-local-quick-start.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-local-quick-start.html">
<b>3.3.</b>
快速部署一个云原生本地实验环境
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4" data-path="../cloud-native/setup-kubernetes-with-rancher-and-aliyun.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/setup-kubernetes-with-rancher-and-aliyun.html">
<b>3.4.</b>
使用 Rancher 在阿里云上部署 Kubenretes 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">概念与原理</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="../concepts/">
<a href="../concepts/">
<b>4.1.</b>
Kubernetes 架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.1" data-path="../concepts/concepts.html">
<a href="../concepts/concepts.html">
<b>4.1.1.</b>
设计理念
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.2" data-path="../concepts/etcd.html">
<a href="../concepts/etcd.html">
<b>4.1.2.</b>
Etcd 解析
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3" data-path="../concepts/open-interfaces.html">
<a href="../concepts/open-interfaces.html">
<b>4.1.3.</b>
开放接口
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3.1" data-path="../concepts/cri.html">
<a href="../concepts/cri.html">
<b>4.1.3.1.</b>
容器运行时接口（CRI）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3.2" data-path="../concepts/cni.html">
<a href="../concepts/cni.html">
<b>4.1.3.2.</b>
容器网络接口（CNI）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.3.3" data-path="../concepts/csi.html">
<a href="../concepts/csi.html">
<b>4.1.3.3.</b>
容器存储接口（CSI）
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.4" data-path="../concepts/objects.html">
<a href="../concepts/objects.html">
<b>4.1.4.</b>
Kubernetes 中的资源对象
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2" data-path="../concepts/pod-state-and-lifecycle.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-state-and-lifecycle.html">
<b>4.2.</b>
Pod 状态与生命周期管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.1" data-path="../concepts/pod-overview.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-overview.html">
<b>4.2.1.</b>
Pod 概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.2" data-path="../concepts/pod.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod.html">
<b>4.2.2.</b>
Pod 解析
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.3" data-path="../concepts/init-containers.html">
<a href="../concepts/init-containers.html">
<b>4.2.3.</b>
Init 容器
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.4" data-path="../concepts/pause-container.html">
<a href="../concepts/pause-container.html">
<b>4.2.4.</b>
Pause 容器
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.5" data-path="../concepts/pod-security-policy.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-security-policy.html">
<b>4.2.5.</b>
Pod 安全策略
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.6" data-path="../concepts/pod-lifecycle.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-lifecycle.html">
<b>4.2.6.</b>
Pod 的生命周期
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.7" data-path="../concepts/pod-hook.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-hook.html">
<b>4.2.7.</b>
Pod Hook
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.8" data-path="../concepts/pod-preset.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-preset.html">
<b>4.2.8.</b>
Pod Preset
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.9" data-path="../concepts/pod-disruption-budget.html">
<a href="../concepts/pod-disruption-budget.html">
<b>4.2.9.</b>
Pod 中断与 PDB（Pod 中断预算）
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3" data-path="../concepts/cluster.html">
<a href="../concepts/cluster.html">
<b>4.3.</b>
集群资源管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.1" data-path="../concepts/node.html">
<a href="../concepts/node.html">
<b>4.3.1.</b>
Node
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.2" data-path="../concepts/namespace.html">
<a href="../concepts/namespace.html">
<b>4.3.2.</b>
Namespace
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.3" data-path="../concepts/label.html">
<a href="../concepts/label.html">
<b>4.3.3.</b>
Label
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.4" data-path="../concepts/annotation.html">
<a href="../concepts/annotation.html">
<b>4.3.4.</b>
Annotation
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.5" data-path="../concepts/taint-and-toleration.html">
<a href="../concepts/taint-and-toleration.html">
<b>4.3.5.</b>
Taint 和 Toleration（污点和容忍）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.6" data-path="../concepts/garbage-collection.html">
<a href="../concepts/garbage-collection.html">
<b>4.3.6.</b>
垃圾收集
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4" data-path="../concepts/controllers.html">
<a href="../concepts/controllers.html">
<b>4.4.</b>
控制器
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.1" data-path="../concepts/deployment.html">
<a href="../concepts/deployment.html">
<b>4.4.1.</b>
Deployment
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.2" data-path="../concepts/statefulset.html">
<a href="../concepts/statefulset.html">
<b>4.4.2.</b>
StatefulSet
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.3" data-path="../concepts/daemonset.html">
<a href="../concepts/daemonset.html">
<b>4.4.3.</b>
DaemonSet
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.4" data-path="../concepts/replicaset.html">
<a href="../concepts/replicaset.html">
<b>4.4.4.</b>
ReplicationController 和 ReplicaSet
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.5" data-path="../concepts/job.html">
<a href="../concepts/job.html">
<b>4.4.5.</b>
Job
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.6" data-path="../concepts/cronjob.html">
<a href="../concepts/cronjob.html">
<b>4.4.6.</b>
CronJob
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.7" data-path="../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
<a href="../concepts/horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
<b>4.4.7.</b>
Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.7.1" data-path="../concepts/custom-metrics-hpa.html">
<a href="../concepts/custom-metrics-hpa.html">
<b>4.4.7.1.</b>
自定义指标 HPA
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.8" data-path="../concepts/admission-controller.html">
<a href="../concepts/admission-controller.html">
<b>4.4.8.</b>
准入控制器（Admission Controller）
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5" data-path="../concepts/service-discovery.html">
<a href="../concepts/service-discovery.html">
<b>4.5.</b>
服务发现与路由
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1" data-path="../concepts/service.html">
<a href="../concepts/service.html">
<b>4.5.1.</b>
Service
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.2" data-path="../concepts/topology-aware-routing.html">
<a href="../concepts/topology-aware-routing.html">
<b>4.5.2.</b>
拓扑感知路由
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.3" data-path="../concepts/ingress.html">
<a href="../concepts/ingress.html">
<b>4.5.3.</b>
Ingress
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.3.1" data-path="../concepts/traefik-ingress-controller.html">
<a href="../concepts/traefik-ingress-controller.html">
<b>4.5.3.1.</b>
Traefik Ingress Controller
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.4" data-path="../concepts/gateway.html">
<a href="../concepts/gateway.html">
<b>4.5.4.</b>
Gateway
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6" data-path="../concepts/authentication-and-permission.html">
<a href="../concepts/authentication-and-permission.html">
<b>4.6.</b>
身份与权限控制
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.1" data-path="../concepts/serviceaccount.html">
<a href="../concepts/serviceaccount.html">
<b>4.6.1.</b>
ServiceAccount
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.2" data-path="../concepts/rbac.html">
<a href="../concepts/rbac.html">
<b>4.6.2.</b>
基于角色的访问控制（RBAC）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.3" data-path="../concepts/network-policy.html">
<a href="../concepts/network-policy.html">
<b>4.6.3.</b>
NetworkPolicy
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7" data-path="../concepts/networking.html">
<a href="../concepts/networking.html">
<b>4.7.</b>
网络
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.1" data-path="../concepts/flannel.html">
<a href="../concepts/flannel.html">
<b>4.7.1.</b>
扁平网络 Flannel
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.2" data-path="../concepts/calico.html">
<a href="../concepts/calico.html">
<b>4.7.2.</b>
非 Overlay 扁平网络 Calico
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.3" data-path="../concepts/cilium.html">
<a href="../concepts/cilium.html">
<b>4.7.3.</b>
基于 eBPF 的网络 Cilium
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.7.3.1" data-path="../concepts/cilium-concepts.html">
<a href="../concepts/cilium-concepts.html">
<b>4.7.3.1.</b>
Cilium 架构设计与概念解析
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8" data-path="../concepts/storage.html">
<a href="../concepts/storage.html">
<b>4.8.</b>
存储
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.1" data-path="../concepts/secret.html">
<a href="../concepts/secret.html">
<b>4.8.1.</b>
Secret
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.2" data-path="../concepts/configmap.html">
<a href="../concepts/configmap.html">
<b>4.8.2.</b>
ConfigMap
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.2.1" data-path="../concepts/configmap-hot-update.html">
<a href="../concepts/configmap-hot-update.html">
<b>4.8.2.1.</b>
ConfigMap 的热更新
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.3" data-path="../concepts/volume.html">
<a href="../concepts/volume.html">
<b>4.8.3.</b>
Volume
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.4" data-path="../concepts/persistent-volume.html">
<a href="../concepts/persistent-volume.html">
<b>4.8.4.</b>
持久化卷（Persistent Volume）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.5" data-path="../concepts/storageclass.html">
<a href="../concepts/storageclass.html">
<b>4.8.5.</b>
Storage Class
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.8.6" data-path="../concepts/local-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../concepts/local-persistent-storage.html">
<b>4.8.6.</b>
本地持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9" data-path="../concepts/extension.html">
<a href="../concepts/extension.html">
<b>4.9.</b>
集群扩展
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.1" data-path="../concepts/custom-resource.html">
<a href="../concepts/custom-resource.html">
<b>4.9.1.</b>
使用自定义资源扩展 API
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.2" data-path="../concepts/crd.html">
<a href="../concepts/crd.html">
<b>4.9.2.</b>
使用 CRD 扩展 Kubernetes API
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.3" data-path="../concepts/aggregated-api-server.html">
<a href="../concepts/aggregated-api-server.html">
<b>4.9.3.</b>
Aggregated API Server
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.4" data-path="../concepts/apiservice.html">
<a href="../concepts/apiservice.html">
<b>4.9.4.</b>
APIService
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.9.5" data-path="../concepts/service-catalog.html">
<a href="../concepts/service-catalog.html">
<b>4.9.5.</b>
Service Catalog
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.10" data-path="../concepts/multicluster.html">
<a href="../concepts/multicluster.html">
<b>4.10.</b>
多集群管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.10.1" data-path="../concepts/multi-cluster-services-api.html">
<a href="../concepts/multi-cluster-services-api.html">
<b>4.10.1.</b>
多集群服务 API（Multi-Cluster Services API）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.10.2" data-path="federation.html">
<a href="federation.html">
<b>4.10.2.</b>
集群联邦（Cluster Federation）
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.11" data-path="../concepts/scheduling.html">
<a href="../concepts/scheduling.html">
<b>4.11.</b>
资源调度
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.11.1" data-path="../concepts/qos.html">
<a href="../concepts/qos.html">
<b>4.11.1.</b>
服务质量等级（QoS）
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">用户指南</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="../guide/">
<a href="../guide/">
<b>5.1.</b>
用户指南概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2" data-path="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
<a href="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
<b>5.2.</b>
资源对象配置
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.1" data-path="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
<a href="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
<b>5.2.1.</b>
配置 Pod 的 liveness 和 readiness 探针
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.2" data-path="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
<a href="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
<b>5.2.2.</b>
配置 Pod 的 Service Account
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.3" data-path="../guide/secret-configuration.html">
<a href="../guide/secret-configuration.html">
<b>5.2.3.</b>
Secret 配置
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.4" data-path="../guide/resource-quota-management.html">
<a href="../guide/resource-quota-management.html">
<b>5.2.4.</b>
管理 namespace 中的资源配额
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3" data-path="../guide/command-usage.html">
<a href="../guide/command-usage.html">
<b>5.3.</b>
命令使用
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.1" data-path="../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
<a href="../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
<b>5.3.1.</b>
Docker 用户过渡到 kubectl 命令行指南
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.2" data-path="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
<a href="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
<b>5.3.2.</b>
kubectl 命令概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.3" data-path="../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html">
<a href="../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html">
<b>5.3.3.</b>
kubectl 命令技巧大全
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.4" data-path="../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html">
<a href="../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html">
<b>5.3.4.</b>
使用 etcdctl 访问 Kubernetes 数据
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4" data-path="../guide/cluster-security-management.html">
<a href="../guide/cluster-security-management.html">
<b>5.4.</b>
集群安全性管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.1" data-path="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
<b>5.4.1.</b>
管理集群中的 TLS
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.2" data-path="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
<a href="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
<b>5.4.2.</b>
kubelet 的认证授权
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.3" data-path="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
<a href="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
<b>5.4.3.</b>
TLS Bootstrap
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.4" data-path="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
<a href="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
<b>5.4.4.</b>
创建用户认证授权的 kubeconfig 文件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.5" data-path="../guide/ip-masq-agent.html">
<a href="../guide/ip-masq-agent.html">
<b>5.4.5.</b>
IP 伪装代理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.6" data-path="../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html">
<a href="../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html">
<b>5.4.6.</b>
使用 kubeconfig 或 token 进行用户身份认证
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.7" data-path="../guide/authentication.html">
<a href="../guide/authentication.html">
<b>5.4.7.</b>
Kubernetes 中的用户与身份认证授权
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.8" data-path="../guide/kubernetes-security-best-practice.html">
<a href="../guide/kubernetes-security-best-practice.html">
<b>5.4.8.</b>
Kubernetes 集群安全性配置最佳实践
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5" data-path="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
<b>5.5.</b>
访问 Kubernetes 集群
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.1" data-path="../guide/access-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/access-cluster.html">
<b>5.5.1.</b>
访问集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.2" data-path="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
<a href="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
<b>5.5.2.</b>
使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.3" data-path="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
<a href="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
<b>5.5.3.</b>
通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.4" data-path="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
<b>5.5.4.</b>
使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.5" data-path="../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html">
<b>5.5.5.</b>
从外部访问 Kubernetes 中的 Pod
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.6" data-path="../guide/cabin-mobile-dashboard-for-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../guide/cabin-mobile-dashboard-for-kubernetes.html">
<b>5.5.6.</b>
Cabin - Kubernetes 手机客户端
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.7" data-path="../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html">
<a href="../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html">
<b>5.5.7.</b>
Lens - Kubernetes IDE/桌面客户端
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.8" data-path="../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html">
<a href="../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html">
<b>5.5.8.</b>
Kubernator - 更底层的 Kubernetes UI
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6" data-path="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
<a href="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
<b>5.6.</b>
在 Kubernetes 中开发部署应用
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.1" data-path="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
<b>5.6.1.</b>
适用于 Kubernetes 的应用开发部署流程
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.2" data-path="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
<b>5.6.2.</b>
迁移传统应用到 Kubernetes 中 —— 以 Hadoop YARN 为例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.3" data-path="../guide/using-statefulset.html">
<a href="../guide/using-statefulset.html">
<b>5.6.3.</b>
使用 StatefulSet 部署用状态应用
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">最佳实践</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.1" data-path="./">
<a href="./">
<b>6.1.</b>
最佳实践概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2" data-path="install-kubernetes-on-centos.html">
<a href="install-kubernetes-on-centos.html">
<b>6.2.</b>
在 CentOS 上部署 Kubernetes 集群
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.1" data-path="create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
<a href="create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
<b>6.2.1.</b>
创建 TLS 证书和秘钥
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.2" data-path="create-kubeconfig.html">
<a href="create-kubeconfig.html">
<b>6.2.2.</b>
创建 kubeconfig 文件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.3" data-path="etcd-cluster-installation.html">
<a href="etcd-cluster-installation.html">
<b>6.2.3.</b>
创建高可用 etcd 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.4" data-path="kubectl-installation.html">
<a href="kubectl-installation.html">
<b>6.2.4.</b>
安装 kubectl 命令行工具
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter active" data-level="6.2.5" data-path="master-installation.html">
<a href="master-installation.html">
<b>6.2.5.</b>
部署 master 节点
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.6" data-path="flannel-installation.html">
<a href="flannel-installation.html">
<b>6.2.6.</b>
安装 flannel 网络插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.7" data-path="node-installation.html">
<a href="node-installation.html">
<b>6.2.7.</b>
部署 node 节点
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.8" data-path="kubedns-addon-installation.html">
<a href="kubedns-addon-installation.html">
<b>6.2.8.</b>
安装 kubedns 插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.9" data-path="dashboard-addon-installation.html">
<a href="dashboard-addon-installation.html">
<b>6.2.9.</b>
安装 dashboard 插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.10" data-path="heapster-addon-installation.html">
<a href="heapster-addon-installation.html">
<b>6.2.10.</b>
安装 heapster 插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.11" data-path="efk-addon-installation.html">
<a href="efk-addon-installation.html">
<b>6.2.11.</b>
安装 EFK 插件
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3" data-path="install-kubernetes-with-kubeadm.html">
<a href="install-kubernetes-with-kubeadm.html">
<b>6.3.</b>
生产级的 Kubernetes 简化管理工具 kubeadm
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.1" data-path="install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu-server-16.04-with-kubeadm.html">
<a href="install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu-server-16.04-with-kubeadm.html">
<b>6.3.1.</b>
使用 kubeadm 在 Ubuntu Server 16.04 上快速构建测试集群
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4" data-path="service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
<a href="service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
<b>6.4.</b>
服务发现与负载均衡
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.1" data-path="traefik-ingress-installation.html">
<a href="traefik-ingress-installation.html">
<b>6.4.1.</b>
安装 Traefik ingress
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.2" data-path="distributed-load-test.html">
<a href="distributed-load-test.html">
<b>6.4.2.</b>
分布式负载测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.3" data-path="network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
<a href="network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
<b>6.4.3.</b>
网络和集群性能测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.4" data-path="edge-node-configuration.html">
<a href="edge-node-configuration.html">
<b>6.4.4.</b>
边缘节点配置
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.5" data-path="nginx-ingress-installation.html">
<a href="nginx-ingress-installation.html">
<b>6.4.5.</b>
安装 Nginx ingress
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.6" data-path="dns-installation.html">
<a href="dns-installation.html">
<b>6.4.6.</b>
安装配置 DNS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.6.1" data-path="configuring-dns.html">
<a href="configuring-dns.html">
<b>6.4.6.1.</b>
安装配置 Kube-dns
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.6.2" data-path="coredns.html">
<a href="coredns.html">
<b>6.4.6.2.</b>
安装配置 CoreDNS
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5" data-path="operation.html">
<a href="operation.html">
<b>6.5.</b>
运维管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.1" data-path="master-ha.html">
<a href="master-ha.html">
<b>6.5.1.</b>
Master 节点高可用
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.2" data-path="service-rolling-update.html">
<a href="service-rolling-update.html">
<b>6.5.2.</b>
服务滚动升级
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.3" data-path="app-log-collection.html">
<a href="app-log-collection.html">
<b>6.5.3.</b>
应用日志收集
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.4" data-path="configuration-best-practice.html">
<a href="configuration-best-practice.html">
<b>6.5.4.</b>
配置最佳实践
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.5" data-path="monitor.html">
<a href="monitor.html">
<b>6.5.5.</b>
集群及应用监控
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.6" data-path="data-persistence-problem.html">
<a href="data-persistence-problem.html">
<b>6.5.6.</b>
数据持久化问题
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.7" data-path="manage-compute-resources-container.html">
<a href="manage-compute-resources-container.html">
<b>6.5.7.</b>
管理容器的计算资源
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6" data-path="storage.html">
<a href="storage.html">
<b>6.6.</b>
存储管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1" data-path="glusterfs.html">
<a href="glusterfs.html">
<b>6.6.1.</b>
GlusterFS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1.1" data-path="using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.1.1.</b>
使用 GlusterFS 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1.2" data-path="using-heketi-gluster-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="using-heketi-gluster-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.1.2.</b>
使用 Heketi 作为 Kubernetes 的持久存储 GlusterFS 的 external provisioner
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1.3" data-path="storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
<a href="storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
<b>6.6.1.3.</b>
在 OpenShift 中使用 GlusterFS 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.2" data-path="glusterd-2.0.html">
<a href="glusterd-2.0.html">
<b>6.6.2.</b>
GlusterD-2.0
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.3" data-path="ceph.html">
<a href="ceph.html">
<b>6.6.3.</b>
Ceph
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.3.1" data-path="ceph-helm-install-guide-zh.html">
<a href="ceph-helm-install-guide-zh.html">
<b>6.6.3.1.</b>
用 Helm 托管安装 Ceph 集群并提供后端存储
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.3.2" data-path="using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.3.2.</b>
使用 Ceph 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.3.3" data-path="rbd-provisioner.html">
<a href="rbd-provisioner.html">
<b>6.6.3.3.</b>
使用 rbd-provisioner 提供 rbd 持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.4" data-path="openebs.html">
<a href="openebs.html">
<b>6.6.4.</b>
OpenEBS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.4.1" data-path="using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.4.1.</b>
使用 OpenEBS 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.5" data-path="rook.html">
<a href="rook.html">
<b>6.6.5.</b>
Rook
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.6" data-path="nfs.html">
<a href="nfs.html">
<b>6.6.6.</b>
NFS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.6.1" data-path="using-nfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="using-nfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>6.6.6.1.</b>
利用 NFS 动态提供 Kubernetes 后端存储卷
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7" data-path="monitoring.html">
<a href="monitoring.html">
<b>6.7.</b>
集群与应用监控
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.1" data-path="heapster.html">
<a href="heapster.html">
<b>6.7.1.</b>
Heapster
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.1.1" data-path="using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
<a href="using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
<b>6.7.1.1.</b>
使用 Heapster 获取集群和对象的 metric 数据
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.2" data-path="prometheus.html">
<a href="prometheus.html">
<b>6.7.2.</b>
Prometheus
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.2.1" data-path="using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
<a href="using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
<b>6.7.2.1.</b>
使用 Prometheus 监控 Kubernetes 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.2.2" data-path="promql.html">
<a href="promql.html">
<b>6.7.2.2.</b>
Prometheus 查询语言 PromQL 使用说明
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7.3" data-path="vistio-visualize-your-istio-mesh.html">
<a href="vistio-visualize-your-istio-mesh.html">
<b>6.7.3.</b>
使用 Vistio 监控 Istio 服务网格中的流量
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.8" data-path="distributed-tracing.html">
<a href="distributed-tracing.html">
<b>6.8.</b>
分布式追踪
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.8.1" data-path="opentracing.html">
<a href="opentracing.html">
<b>6.8.1.</b>
OpenTracing
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.9" data-path="services-management-tool.html">
<a href="services-management-tool.html">
<b>6.9.</b>
服务编排管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.9.1" data-path="helm.html">
<a href="helm.html">
<b>6.9.1.</b>
使用 Helm 管理 Kubernetes 应用
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.9.2" data-path="create-private-charts-repo.html">
<a href="create-private-charts-repo.html">
<b>6.9.2.</b>
构建私有 Chart 仓库
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.10" data-path="ci-cd.html">
<a href="ci-cd.html">
<b>6.10.</b>
持续集成与发布
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.10.1" data-path="jenkins-ci-cd.html">
<a href="jenkins-ci-cd.html">
<b>6.10.1.</b>
使用 Jenkins 进行持续集成与发布
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.10.2" data-path="drone-ci-cd.html">
<a href="drone-ci-cd.html">
<b>6.10.2.</b>
使用 Drone 进行持续集成与发布
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.11" data-path="update-and-upgrade.html">
<a href="update-and-upgrade.html">
<b>6.11.</b>
更新与升级
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.11.1" data-path="manually-upgrade.html">
<a href="manually-upgrade.html">
<b>6.11.1.</b>
手动升级 Kubernetes 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.11.2" data-path="dashboard-upgrade.html">
<a href="dashboard-upgrade.html">
<b>6.11.2.</b>
升级 dashboard
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.12" data-path="controller-extended.html">
<a href="controller-extended.html">
<b>6.12.</b>
扩展控制器
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.12.1" data-path="openkruise.html">
<a href="openkruise.html">
<b>6.12.1.</b>
OpenKruise
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.12.1.1" data-path="in-place-update.html">
<a href="in-place-update.html">
<b>6.12.1.1.</b>
原地升级
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.13" data-path="security-policy.html">
<a href="security-policy.html">
<b>6.13.</b>
安全策略
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.13.1" data-path="open-policy-agent.html">
<a href="open-policy-agent.html">
<b>6.13.1.</b>
开放策略代理（OPA）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.13.2" data-path="cloud-native-security.html">
<a href="cloud-native-security.html">
<b>6.13.2.</b>
云原生安全
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">服务网格</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.1" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
<b>7.1.</b>
服务网格（Service Mesh）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2" data-path="../usecases/the-enterprise-path-to-service-mesh-architectures.html">
<a href="../usecases/the-enterprise-path-to-service-mesh-architectures.html">
<b>7.2.</b>
企业级服务网格架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.1" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-fundamental.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-fundamental.html">
<b>7.2.1.</b>
服务网格基础
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.2" data-path="../usecases/comparing-service-mesh-technologies.html">
<a href="../usecases/comparing-service-mesh-technologies.html">
<b>7.2.2.</b>
服务网格技术对比
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.3" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-vs-api-gateway.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-vs-api-gateway.html">
<b>7.2.3.</b>
服务网格对比 API 网关
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.4" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-adoption-and-evolution.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-adoption-and-evolution.html">
<b>7.2.4.</b>
采纳和演进
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.5" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-customization-and-integration.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-customization-and-integration.html">
<b>7.2.5.</b>
定制和集成
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2.6" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-conclusion.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-conclusion.html">
<b>7.2.6.</b>
总结
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3" data-path="../usecases/istio.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio.html">
<b>7.3.</b>
Istio
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.1" data-path="../usecases/before-using-istio.html">
<a href="../usecases/before-using-istio.html">
<b>7.3.1.</b>
使用 Istio 前需要考虑的问题
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.2" data-path="../usecases/sidecar-spec-in-istio.html">
<a href="../usecases/sidecar-spec-in-istio.html">
<b>7.3.2.</b>
Istio 中 sidecar 的注入规范及示例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.3" data-path="../usecases/istio-community-tips.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-community-tips.html">
<b>7.3.3.</b>
如何参与 Istio 社区及注意事项
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.4" data-path="../usecases/istio-tutorials-collection.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-tutorials-collection.html">
<b>7.3.4.</b>
Istio 免费学习资源汇总
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.5" data-path="../usecases/understand-sidecar-injection-and-traffic-hijack-in-istio-service-mesh.html">
<a href="../usecases/understand-sidecar-injection-and-traffic-hijack-in-istio-service-mesh.html">
<b>7.3.5.</b>
Sidecar 的注入与流量劫持
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.6" data-path="../usecases/envoy-sidecar-routing-of-istio-service-mesh-deep-dive.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-sidecar-routing-of-istio-service-mesh-deep-dive.html">
<b>7.3.6.</b>
Envoy Sidecar 代理的路由转发
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.7" data-path="../usecases/how-to-integrate-istio-with-vm.html">
<a href="../usecases/how-to-integrate-istio-with-vm.html">
<b>7.3.7.</b>
Istio 如何支持虚拟机
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.8" data-path="../usecases/istio-vm-support.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-vm-support.html">
<b>7.3.8.</b>
Istio 支持虚拟机的历史
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4" data-path="../usecases/envoy.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy.html">
<b>7.4.</b>
Envoy
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4.1" data-path="../usecases/envoy-terminology.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-terminology.html">
<b>7.4.1.</b>
Envoy 的架构与基本术语
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4.2" data-path="../usecases/envoy-front-proxy.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-front-proxy.html">
<b>7.4.2.</b>
Envoy 作为前端代理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4.3" data-path="../usecases/envoy-mesh-in-kubernetes-tutorial.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-mesh-in-kubernetes-tutorial.html">
<b>7.4.3.</b>
Envoy mesh 教程
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">领域应用</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.1" data-path="../usecases/">
<a href="../usecases/">
<b>8.1.</b>
领域应用概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2" data-path="../usecases/microservices.html">
<a href="../usecases/microservices.html">
<b>8.2.</b>
微服务架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2.1" data-path="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
<b>8.2.1.</b>
微服务中的服务发现
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2.2" data-path="../usecases/microservices-for-java-developers.html">
<a href="../usecases/microservices-for-java-developers.html">
<b>8.2.2.</b>
使用 Java 构建微服务并发布到 Kubernetes 平台
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2.2.1" data-path="../usecases/spring-boot-quick-start-guide.html">
<a href="../usecases/spring-boot-quick-start-guide.html">
<b>8.2.2.1.</b>
Spring Boot 快速开始指南
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3" data-path="../usecases/big-data.html">
<a href="../usecases/big-data.html">
<b>8.3.</b>
大数据
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3.1" data-path="../usecases/spark-on-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../usecases/spark-on-kubernetes.html">
<b>8.3.1.</b>
Spark 与 Kubernetes
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3.1.1" data-path="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
<b>8.3.1.1.</b>
Spark standalone on Kubernetes
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3.1.2" data-path="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
<a href="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
<b>8.3.1.2.</b>
运行支持 Kubernetes 原生调度的 Spark 程序
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4" data-path="../usecases/serverless.html">
<a href="../usecases/serverless.html">
<b>8.4.</b>
Serverless 架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.1" data-path="../usecases/understanding-serverless.html">
<a href="../usecases/understanding-serverless.html">
<b>8.4.1.</b>
理解 Serverless
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.2" data-path="../usecases/faas.html">
<a href="../usecases/faas.html">
<b>8.4.2.</b>
FaaS（函数即服务）
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.2.1" data-path="../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html">
<a href="../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html">
<b>8.4.2.1.</b>
OpenFaaS 快速入门指南
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4.3" data-path="../usecases/knative.html">
<a href="../usecases/knative.html">
<b>8.4.3.</b>
Knative
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.5" data-path="../usecases/edge-computing.html">
<a href="../usecases/edge-computing.html">
<b>8.5.</b>
边缘计算
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.6" data-path="../usecases/ai.html">
<a href="../usecases/ai.html">
<b>8.6.</b>
人工智能
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.7" data-path="../usecases/observability.html">
<a href="../usecases/observability.html">
<b>8.7.</b>
可观察性
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">开发指南</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.1" data-path="../develop/">
<a href="../develop/">
<b>9.1.</b>
开发指南概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.2" data-path="../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html">
<a href="../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html">
<b>9.2.</b>
SIG 和工作组
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3" data-path="../develop/developing-environment.html">
<a href="../develop/developing-environment.html">
<b>9.3.</b>
开发环境搭建
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3.1" data-path="../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html">
<a href="../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html">
<b>9.3.1.</b>
本地分布式开发环境搭建（使用 Vagrant 和 Virtualbox）
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.4" data-path="../develop/testing.html">
<a href="../develop/testing.html">
<b>9.4.</b>
单元测试和集成测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.5" data-path="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
<a href="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
<b>9.5.</b>
client-go 示例
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.5.1" data-path="../develop/client-go-informer-sourcecode-analyse.html">
<a href="../develop/client-go-informer-sourcecode-analyse.html">
<b>9.5.1.</b>
client-go 中的 informer 源码分析
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.6" data-path="../develop/operator.html">
<a href="../develop/operator.html">
<b>9.6.</b>
Operator
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.6.1" data-path="../develop/operator-sdk.html">
<a href="../develop/operator-sdk.html">
<b>9.6.1.</b>
operator-sdk
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7" data-path="../develop/kubebuilder.html">
<a href="../develop/kubebuilder.html">
<b>9.7.</b>
kubebuilder
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7.1" data-path="../develop/kubebuilder-example.html">
<a href="../develop/kubebuilder-example.html">
<b>9.7.1.</b>
使用 kubebuilder 创建 operator 示例
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.8" data-path="../develop/advance-developer.html">
<a href="../develop/advance-developer.html">
<b>9.8.</b>
高级开发指南
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.9" data-path="../develop/contribute.html">
<a href="../develop/contribute.html">
<b>9.9.</b>
社区贡献
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.10" data-path="../develop/minikube.html">
<a href="../develop/minikube.html">
<b>9.10.</b>
Minikube
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">社区及生态</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf.html">
<b>10.1.</b>
云原生计算基金会（CNCF）
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-charter.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-charter.html">
<b>10.1.1.</b>
CNCF 章程
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.2" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-sig.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-sig.html">
<b>10.1.2.</b>
CNCF 特别兴趣小组（SIG）说明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.3" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-sandbox-criteria.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-sandbox-criteria.html">
<b>10.1.3.</b>
开源项目加入 CNCF Sandbox 的要求
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.4" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-project-governing.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-project-governing.html">
<b>10.1.4.</b>
CNCF 中的项目治理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.1.5" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-ambassador.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-ambassador.html">
<b>10.1.5.</b>
CNCF Ambassador
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.2" data-path="../cloud-native/certification.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/certification.html">
<b>10.2.</b>
认证及培训
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.2.1" data-path="../appendix/about-kcsp.html">
<a href="../appendix/about-kcsp.html">
<b>10.2.1.</b>
认证 Kubernetes 服务提供商（KCSP）说明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="10.2.2" data-path="../appendix/about-cka-candidate.html">
<a href="../appendix/about-cka-candidate.html">
<b>10.2.2.</b>
认证 Kubernetes 管理员（CKA）说明
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">附录</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.1" data-path="../appendix/">
<a href="../appendix/">
<b>11.1.</b>
附录说明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.2" data-path="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
<a href="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
<b>11.2.</b>
Kubernetes 中的应用故障排查
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.3" data-path="../appendix/material-share.html">
<a href="../appendix/material-share.html">
<b>11.3.</b>
Kubernetes 相关资讯和情报链接
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.4" data-path="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
<a href="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
<b>11.4.</b>
Docker 最佳实践
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.5" data-path="../appendix/tricks.html">
<a href="../appendix/tricks.html">
<b>11.5.</b>
Kubernetes 使用技巧
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.6" data-path="../appendix/issues.html">
<a href="../appendix/issues.html">
<b>11.6.</b>
Kubernetes 相关问题记录
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.7" data-path="../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html">
<a href="../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html">
<b>11.7.</b>
Kubernetes 及云原生年度总结及展望
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.7.1" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html">
<b>11.7.1.</b>
Kubernetes 与云原生 2017 年年终总结及 2018 年展望
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.7.2" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2018-and-outlook-for-2019.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2018-and-outlook-for-2019.html">
<b>11.7.2.</b>
Kubernetes 与云原生 2018 年年终总结及 2019 年展望
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.8" data-path="../appendix/cncf-annual-report.html">
<a href="../appendix/cncf-annual-report.html">
<b>11.8.</b>
CNCF 年度报告解读
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="11.8.1" data-path="../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2018.html">
<a href="../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2018.html">
<b>11.8.1.</b>
CNCF 2018 年年度报告解读
</a>
</li>
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<b>11.8.2.</b>
CNCF 2020 年年度报告解读
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<a href=".." >部署 master 节点</a>
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<h1 id="&#x90E8;&#x7F72;master&#x8282;&#x70B9;">&#x90E8;&#x7F72;master&#x8282;&#x70B9;</h1>
<p>kubernetes master &#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x7684;&#x7EC4;&#x4EF6;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>kube-apiserver</li>
<li>kube-scheduler</li>
<li>kube-controller-manager</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x8FD9;&#x4E09;&#x4E2A;&#x7EC4;&#x4EF6;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x5728;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x53F0;&#x673A;&#x5668;&#x4E0A;&#x3002;</p>
<ul>
<li><code>kube-scheduler</code>&#x3001;<code>kube-controller-manager</code> &#x548C; <code>kube-apiserver</code> &#x4E09;&#x8005;&#x7684;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x7D27;&#x5BC6;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x53EA;&#x80FD;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; <code>kube-scheduler</code>&#x3001;<code>kube-controller-manager</code> &#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x5904;&#x4E8E;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x9009;&#x4E3E;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; leader&#xFF1B;</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>&#x6CE8;</strong>&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>&#x6682;&#x65F6;&#x672A;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;master&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7684;&#x9AD8;&#x53EF;&#x7528;</li>
<li>master&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x4E0A;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;flannel&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x60F3;&#x8981;&#x5728;master&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x4E0A;&#x4E5F;&#x80FD;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;ClusterIP&#xFF0C;&#x8BF7;&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#x4E0B;&#x4E00;&#x8282;<a href="node-installation.html">&#x90E8;&#x7F72;node&#x8282;&#x70B9;</a>&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;Flanneld&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x3002;</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="tls-&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;">TLS &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</h2>
<p>&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;<code>pem</code>&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5728;<a href="create-tls-and-secret-key.html">&#x521B;&#x5EFA;TLS&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x548C;&#x79D8;&#x94A5;</a>&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x6B65;&#x4E2D;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x8FC7;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;<code>token.csv</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5728;<a href="create-kubeconfig.html">&#x521B;&#x5EFA;kubeconfig&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</a>&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x518D;&#x68C0;&#x67E5;&#x4E00;&#x4E0B;&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">$ <span class="token function">ls</span> /etc/kubernetes/ssl
admin-key.pem admin.pem ca-key.pem ca.pem kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem
</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#x4E0B;&#x8F7D;&#x6700;&#x65B0;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x4E8C;&#x8FDB;&#x5236;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;">&#x4E0B;&#x8F7D;&#x6700;&#x65B0;&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x4E8C;&#x8FDB;&#x5236;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</h2>
<p>&#x6709;&#x4E24;&#x79CD;&#x4E0B;&#x8F7D;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x8BF7;&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#x4E0B;&#x8F7D;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;Kubernetes&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x4E00;</strong></p>
<p>&#x4ECE; <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/releases" target="_blank">github release &#x9875;&#x9762;</a> &#x4E0B;&#x8F7D;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x7248; tarball&#xFF0C;&#x89E3;&#x538B;&#x540E;&#x518D;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x4E0B;&#x8F7D;&#x811A;&#x672C;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token function">wget</span> https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/releases/download/v1.6.0/kubernetes.tar.gz
<span class="token function">tar</span> -xzvf kubernetes.tar.gz
<span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> kubernetes
./cluster/get-kube-binaries.sh
</code></pre>
<p><strong>&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x4E8C;</strong></p>
<p>&#x4ECE; <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md" target="_blank"><code>CHANGELOG</code>&#x9875;&#x9762;</a> &#x4E0B;&#x8F7D; <code>client</code> &#x6216; <code>server</code> tarball &#x6587;&#x4EF6;</p>
<p><code>server</code> &#x7684; tarball <code>kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz</code> &#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E86; <code>client</code>(<code>kubectl</code>) &#x4E8C;&#x8FDB;&#x5236;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0D;&#x7528;&#x5355;&#x72EC;&#x4E0B;&#x8F7D;<code>kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF1B;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token comment"># wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.6.0/kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz</span>
<span class="token function">wget</span> https://dl.k8s.io/v1.6.0/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
<span class="token function">tar</span> -xzvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
<span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> kubernetes
<span class="token function">tar</span> -xzvf kubernetes-src.tar.gz
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5C06;&#x4E8C;&#x8FDB;&#x5236;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x5230;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token function">cp</span> -r server/bin/<span class="token punctuation">{</span>kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler,kubectl,kube-proxy,kubelet<span class="token punctuation">}</span> /usr/local/bin/
</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x548C;&#x542F;&#x52A8;-kube-apiserver">&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x548C;&#x542F;&#x52A8; kube-apiserver</h2>
<p><strong>&#x521B;&#x5EFA; kube-apiserver&#x7684;service&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</strong></p>
<p>service&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;<code>/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service</code>&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-ini"><span class="token selector">[Unit]</span>
<span class="token constant">Description</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>Kubernetes API Service</span>
<span class="token constant">Documentation</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes</span>
<span class="token constant">After</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>network.target</span>
<span class="token constant">After</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>etcd.service</span>
<span class="token selector">[Service]</span>
<span class="token constant">EnvironmentFile</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>-/etc/kubernetes/config</span>
<span class="token constant">EnvironmentFile</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>-/etc/kubernetes/apiserver</span>
<span class="token constant">ExecStart</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \</span>
$KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \
$KUBE_LOG_LEVEL \
$KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS \
$KUBE_API_ADDRESS \
$KUBE_API_PORT \
$KUBELET_PORT \
$KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV \
$KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES \
$KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL \
$KUBE_API_ARGS
<span class="token constant">Restart</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>on-failure</span>
<span class="token constant">Type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>notify</span>
<span class="token constant">LimitNOFILE</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>65536</span>
<span class="token selector">[Install]</span>
<span class="token constant">WantedBy</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>multi-user.target</span>
</code></pre>
<p><code>/etc/kubernetes/config</code>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x4E3A;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-ini"><span class="token comment">###</span>
<span class="token comment"># kubernetes system config</span>
<span class="token comment">#</span>
<span class="token comment"># The following values are used to configure various aspects of all</span>
<span class="token comment"># kubernetes services, including</span>
<span class="token comment">#</span>
<span class="token comment"># kube-apiserver.service</span>
<span class="token comment"># kube-controller-manager.service</span>
<span class="token comment"># kube-scheduler.service</span>
<span class="token comment"># kubelet.service</span>
<span class="token comment"># kube-proxy.service</span>
<span class="token comment"># logging to stderr means we get it in the systemd journal</span>
<span class="token constant">KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>&quot;--logtostderr=true&quot;</span>
<span class="token comment"># journal message level, 0 is debug</span>
<span class="token constant">KUBE_LOG_LEVEL</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>&quot;--v=0&quot;</span>
<span class="token comment"># Should this cluster be allowed to run privileged docker containers</span>
<span class="token constant">KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>&quot;--allow-privileged=true&quot;</span>
<span class="token comment"># How the controller-manager, scheduler, and proxy find the apiserver</span>
<span class="token comment">#KUBE_MASTER=&quot;--master=http://test-001.jimmysong.io:8080&quot;</span>
<span class="token constant">KUBE_MASTER</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>&quot;--master=http://172.20.0.113:8080&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8BE5;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x88AB;kube-apiserver&#x3001;kube-controller-manager&#x3001;kube-scheduler&#x3001;kubelet&#x3001;kube-proxy&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3002;</p>
<p>apiserver&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;<code>/etc/kubernetes/apiserver</code>&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x4E3A;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-ini"><span class="token comment">###</span>
<span class="token comment">## kubernetes system config</span>
<span class="token comment">##</span>
<span class="token comment">## The following values are used to configure the kube-apiserver</span>
<span class="token comment">##</span>
<span class="token comment">#</span>
<span class="token comment">## The address on the local server to listen to.</span>
<span class="token comment">#KUBE_API_ADDRESS=&quot;--insecure-bind-address=test-001.jimmysong.io&quot;</span>
<span class="token constant">KUBE_API_ADDRESS</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>&quot;--advertise-address=172.20.0.113 --bind-address=172.20.0.113 --insecure-bind-address=172.20.0.113&quot;</span>
<span class="token comment">#</span>
<span class="token comment">## The port on the local server to listen on.</span>
<span class="token comment">#KUBE_API_PORT=&quot;--port=8080&quot;</span>
<span class="token comment">#</span>
<span class="token comment">## Port minions listen on</span>
<span class="token comment">#KUBELET_PORT=&quot;--kubelet-port=10250&quot;</span>
<span class="token comment">#</span>
<span class="token comment">## Comma separated list of nodes in the etcd cluster</span>
<span class="token constant">KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>&quot;--etcd-servers=https://172.20.0.113:2379,https://172.20.0.114:2379,https://172.20.0.115:2379&quot;</span>
<span class="token comment">#</span>
<span class="token comment">## Address range to use for services</span>
<span class="token constant">KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>&quot;--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16&quot;</span>
<span class="token comment">#</span>
<span class="token comment">## default admission control policies</span>
<span class="token constant">KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>&quot;--admission-control=ServiceAccount,NamespaceLifecycle,NamespaceExists,LimitRanger,ResourceQuota&quot;</span>
<span class="token comment">#</span>
<span class="token comment">## Add your own!</span>
<span class="token constant">KUBE_API_ARGS</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>&quot;--authorization-mode=RBAC --runtime-config=rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 --kubelet-https=true --experimental-bootstrap-token-auth --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem --enable-swagger-ui=true --apiserver-count=3 --audit-log-maxage=30 --audit-log-maxbackup=3 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --audit-log-path=/var/lib/audit.log --event-ttl=1h&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><code>--experimental-bootstrap-token-auth</code> Bootstrap Token Authentication&#x5728;1.9&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x53D8;&#x6210;&#x4E86;&#x6B63;&#x5F0F;feature&#xFF0C;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x540D;&#x79F0;&#x6539;&#x4E3A;<code>--enable-bootstrap-token-auth</code></li>
<li>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E2D;&#x9014;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x8FC7;<code>--service-cluster-ip-range</code>&#x5730;&#x5740;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x5C06;default&#x547D;&#x540D;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x7684;<code>kubernetes</code>&#x7684;service&#x7ED9;&#x5220;&#x9664;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#xFF1A;<code>kubectl delete service kubernetes</code>&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4F1A;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x7528;&#x65B0;&#x7684;ip&#x91CD;&#x5EFA;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;service&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x7136;apiserver&#x7684;log&#x6709;&#x62A5;&#x9519;<code>the cluster IP x.x.x.x for service kubernetes/default is not within the service CIDR x.x.x.x/16; please recreate</code></li>
<li><code>--authorization-mode=RBAC</code> &#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x5728;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; RBAC &#x6388;&#x6743;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x62D2;&#x7EDD;&#x672A;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x6388;&#x6743;&#x7684;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>kube-scheduler&#x3001;kube-controller-manager &#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x548C; kube-apiserver &#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x5728;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x53F0;&#x673A;&#x5668;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<strong>&#x975E;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;</strong>&#x548C; kube-apiserver&#x901A;&#x4FE1;;</li>
<li>kubelet&#x3001;kube-proxy&#x3001;kubectl &#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x5728;&#x5176;&#x5B83; Node &#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;<strong>&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;</strong>&#x8BBF;&#x95EE; kube-apiserver&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x5148;&#x901A;&#x8FC7; TLS &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#xFF0C;&#x518D;&#x901A;&#x8FC7; RBAC &#x6388;&#x6743;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>kube-proxy&#x3001;kubectl &#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5728;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x91CC;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x7684; User&#x3001;Group &#x6765;&#x8FBE;&#x5230;&#x901A;&#x8FC7; RBAC &#x6388;&#x6743;&#x7684;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E86; kubelet TLS Boostrap &#x673A;&#x5236;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x518D;&#x6307;&#x5B9A; <code>--kubelet-certificate-authority</code>&#x3001;<code>--kubelet-client-certificate</code> &#x548C; <code>--kubelet-client-key</code> &#x9009;&#x9879;&#xFF0C;&#x5426;&#x5219;&#x540E;&#x7EED; kube-apiserver &#x6821;&#x9A8C; kubelet &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x65F6;&#x51FA;&#x73B0; &#x201D;x509: certificate signed by unknown authority&#x201C; &#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li><code>--admission-control</code> &#x503C;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x5305;&#x542B; <code>ServiceAccount</code>&#xFF1B;</li>
<li><code>--bind-address</code> &#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x4E3A; <code>127.0.0.1</code>&#xFF1B;</li>
<li><code>runtime-config</code>&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x4E3A;<code>rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1</code>&#xFF0C;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#x7684;apiVersion&#xFF1B;</li>
<li><code>--service-cluster-ip-range</code> &#x6307;&#x5B9A; Service Cluster IP &#x5730;&#x5740;&#x6BB5;&#xFF0C;&#x8BE5;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x6BB5;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x53EF;&#x8FBE;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>&#x7F3A;&#x7701;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B; kubernetes &#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#x5728; etcd <code>/registry</code> &#x8DEF;&#x5F84;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7; <code>--etcd-prefix</code> &#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x8C03;&#x6574;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5F00;&#x901A;http&#x7684;&#x65E0;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x7684;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF1A;<code>--insecure-port=8080 --insecure-bind-address=127.0.0.1</code>&#x3002;&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#xFF0C;&#x751F;&#x4EA7;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0D;&#x8981;&#x7ED1;&#x5B9A;&#x5230;&#x975E;127.0.0.1&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x4E0A;</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Kubernetes 1.9</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;Kubernetes1.9&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;<code>KUBE_API_ARGS</code>&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;<code>--authorization-mode=Node,RBAC</code>&#xFF0C;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x5BF9;<code>Node</code>&#x6388;&#x6743;&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x5426;&#x5219;&#x5C06;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x6CE8;&#x518C;node&#x3002;</li>
<li><code>--experimental-bootstrap-token-auth</code> Bootstrap Token Authentication&#x5728;kubernetes 1.9&#x7248;&#x672C;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x5E9F;&#x5F03;&#xFF0C;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x540D;&#x79F0;&#x6539;&#x4E3A;<code>--enable-bootstrap-token-auth</code></li>
</ul>
<p>&#x5B8C;&#x6574; unit &#x89C1; <a href="../systemd/kube-apiserver.service">kube-apiserver.service</a></p>
<p><strong>&#x542F;&#x52A8;kube-apiserver</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl <span class="token builtin class-name">enable</span> kube-apiserver
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl status kube-apiserver
</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x548C;&#x542F;&#x52A8;-kube-controller-manager">&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x548C;&#x542F;&#x52A8; kube-controller-manager</h2>
<p><strong>&#x521B;&#x5EFA; kube-controller-manager&#x7684;serivce&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</strong></p>
<p>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;<code>/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service</code></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-ini"><span class="token selector">[Unit]</span>
<span class="token constant">Description</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>Kubernetes Controller Manager</span>
<span class="token constant">Documentation</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes</span>
<span class="token selector">[Service]</span>
<span class="token constant">EnvironmentFile</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>-/etc/kubernetes/config</span>
<span class="token constant">EnvironmentFile</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>-/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager</span>
<span class="token constant">ExecStart</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager \</span>
$KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \
$KUBE_LOG_LEVEL \
$KUBE_MASTER \
$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS
<span class="token constant">Restart</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>on-failure</span>
<span class="token constant">LimitNOFILE</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>65536</span>
<span class="token selector">[Install]</span>
<span class="token constant">WantedBy</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>multi-user.target</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;<code>/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager</code>&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-ini"><span class="token comment">###</span>
<span class="token comment"># The following values are used to configure the kubernetes controller-manager</span>
<span class="token comment"># defaults from config and apiserver should be adequate</span>
<span class="token comment"># Add your own!</span>
<span class="token constant">KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>&quot;--address=127.0.0.1 --service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16 --cluster-name=kubernetes --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --leader-elect=true&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><code>--service-cluster-ip-range</code> &#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x6307;&#x5B9A; Cluster &#x4E2D; Service &#x7684;CIDR&#x8303;&#x56F4;&#xFF0C;&#x8BE5;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x5728;&#x5404; Node &#x95F4;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x8FBE;&#xFF0C;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x548C; kube-apiserver &#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li><code>--cluster-signing-*</code> &#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x548C;&#x79C1;&#x94A5;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x7B7E;&#x540D;&#x4E3A; TLS BootStrap &#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7684;&#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x548C;&#x79C1;&#x94A5;&#xFF1B;</li>
<li><code>--root-ca-file</code> &#x7528;&#x6765;&#x5BF9; kube-apiserver &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6821;&#x9A8C;&#xFF0C;<strong>&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x8BE5;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x624D;&#x4F1A;&#x5728;Pod &#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x7684; ServiceAccount &#x4E2D;&#x653E;&#x7F6E;&#x8BE5; CA &#x8BC1;&#x4E66;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</strong>&#xFF1B;</li>
<li><code>--address</code> &#x503C;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x4E3A; <code>127.0.0.1</code>&#xFF0C;kube-apiserver &#x671F;&#x671B; scheduler &#x548C; controller-manager &#x5728;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x53F0;&#x673A;&#x5668;&#xFF1B;</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="&#x542F;&#x52A8;-kube-controller-manager">&#x542F;&#x52A8; kube-controller-manager</h3>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl <span class="token builtin class-name">enable</span> kube-controller-manager
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl status kube-controller-manager
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x7EC4;&#x4EF6;&#x540E;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;<code>kubectl get componentstatuses</code>&#xFF0C;&#x6765;&#x67E5;&#x770B;&#x5404;&#x4E2A;&#x7EC4;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x72B6;&#x6001;;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">$ kubectl get componentstatuses
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Unhealthy Get http://127.0.0.1:10251/healthz: dial tcp <span class="token number">127.0</span>.0.1:10251: getsockopt: connection refused
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-2 Healthy <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;health&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;true&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
etcd-0 Healthy <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;health&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;true&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
etcd-1 Healthy <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;health&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;true&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x6709;&#x7EC4;&#x4EF6;report unhealthy&#x8BF7;&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#xFF1A;<a href="https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/bootkube/issues/64" target="_blank">https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/bootkube/issues/64</a></li>
</ul>
<p>&#x5B8C;&#x6574; unit &#x89C1; <a href="../systemd/kube-controller-manager.service">kube-controller-manager.service</a></p>
<h2 id="&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x548C;&#x542F;&#x52A8;-kube-scheduler">&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x548C;&#x542F;&#x52A8; kube-scheduler</h2>
<p><strong>&#x521B;&#x5EFA; kube-scheduler&#x7684;serivce&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;</strong></p>
<p>&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;<code>/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service</code>&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-ini"><span class="token selector">[Unit]</span>
<span class="token constant">Description</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>Kubernetes Scheduler Plugin</span>
<span class="token constant">Documentation</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes</span>
<span class="token selector">[Service]</span>
<span class="token constant">EnvironmentFile</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>-/etc/kubernetes/config</span>
<span class="token constant">EnvironmentFile</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>-/etc/kubernetes/scheduler</span>
<span class="token constant">ExecStart</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler \</span>
$KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \
$KUBE_LOG_LEVEL \
$KUBE_MASTER \
$KUBE_SCHEDULER_ARGS
<span class="token constant">Restart</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>on-failure</span>
<span class="token constant">LimitNOFILE</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>65536</span>
<span class="token selector">[Install]</span>
<span class="token constant">WantedBy</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>multi-user.target</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;<code>/etc/kubernetes/scheduler</code>&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-ini"><span class="token comment">###</span>
<span class="token comment"># kubernetes scheduler config</span>
<span class="token comment"># default config should be adequate</span>
<span class="token comment"># Add your own!</span>
<span class="token constant">KUBE_SCHEDULER_ARGS</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span>&quot;--leader-elect=true --address=127.0.0.1&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><code>--address</code> &#x503C;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x4E3A; <code>127.0.0.1</code>&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5F53;&#x524D; kube-apiserver &#x671F;&#x671B; scheduler &#x548C; controller-manager &#x5728;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x53F0;&#x673A;&#x5668;&#xFF1B;</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x5B8C;&#x6574; unit &#x89C1; <a href="../systemd/kube-scheduler.service">kube-scheduler.service</a></p>
<h3 id="&#x542F;&#x52A8;-kube-scheduler">&#x542F;&#x52A8; kube-scheduler</h3>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl <span class="token builtin class-name">enable</span> kube-scheduler
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl status kube-scheduler
</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1;-master-&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x529F;&#x80FD;">&#x9A8C;&#x8BC1; master &#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x529F;&#x80FD;</h2>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash">$ kubectl get componentstatuses
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;health&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;true&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
etcd-1 Healthy <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;health&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;true&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
etcd-2 Healthy <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;health&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;true&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
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_PAGE_LEVEL_._PAGE_IMAGE_NUMBER_：_CAPTION_","label":"十二因素应用","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"2.4.4"},{"backlink":"cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html#fig2.4.5","level":"2.4","list_caption":"Figure: 容器生态","alt":"容器生态","nro":5,"url":"../images/container-ecosystem.png","index":5,"caption_template":"图 _PAGE_LEVEL_._PAGE_IMAGE_NUMBER_：_CAPTION_","label":"容器生态","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"2.4.5"},{"backlink":"cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html#fig2.4.6","level":"2.4","list_caption":"Figure: 使用Jenkins进行持续集成与发布流程图","alt":"使用Jenkins进行持续集成与发布流程图","nro":6,"url":"../images/kubernetes-jenkins-ci-cd.png","index":6,"caption_template":"图 _PAGE_LEVEL_._PAGE_IMAGE_NUMBER_：_CAPTION_","label":"使用Jenkins进行持续集成与发布流程图","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"2.4.6"},{"backlink":"cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html#fig2.4.7","level":"2.4","list_caption":"Figure: 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Grafana界面示意图1","alt":"Grafana界面示意图1","nro":12,"url":"../images/kubernetes-devops-example-grafana-1.png","index":12,"caption_template":"图 _PAGE_LEVEL_._PAGE_IMAGE_NUMBER_：_CAPTION_","label":"Grafana界面示意图1","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"2.4.12"},{"backlink":"cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html#fig2.4.13","level":"2.4","list_caption":"Figure: Grafana界面示意图2","alt":"Grafana界面示意图2","nro":13,"url":"../images/kubernetes-devops-example-grafana-2.png","index":13,"caption_template":"图 _PAGE_LEVEL_._PAGE_IMAGE_NUMBER_：_CAPTION_","label":"Grafana界面示意图2","attributes":{},"skip":false,"key":"2.4.13"},{"backlink":"cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html#fig2.4.14","level":"2.4","list_caption":"Figure: Grafana界面示意图3","alt":"Grafana界面示意图3","nro":14,"url":"../images/kubernetes-devops-example-grafana-3.png","index":14,"caption_template":"图 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