docker_practice/compose/install.md

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## 安装与卸载
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Compose 目前支持 Linux 和 Mac OS 平台,两者的安装过程大同小异。
安装 Compose 之前,要先安装 Docker需要 Docker Engine 1.7.1+),请参考第一部分中章节,在此不再赘述。
Compose 可以通过 Python 的 pip 工具进行安装,可以直接下载编译好的二进制文件使用,甚至直接运行在 Docker 容器中。
前两种方式是传统方式,适合本地环境下安装使用;最后一种方式则不破坏系统环境,更适合云计算场景。
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### PIP 安装
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这种方式是将 Compose 当作一个 Python 应用来从 pip 源中安装。
执行安装命令:
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```sh
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$ sudo pip install -U docker-compose
```
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可以看到类似如下输出,说明安装成功。
```sh
Collecting docker-compose
Downloading docker-compose-1.8.0.tar.gz (149kB): 149kB downloaded
...
Successfully installed docker-compose cached-property requests texttable websocket-client docker-py dockerpty six enum34 backports.ssl-match-hostname ipaddress
```
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安装成功后,可以查看 `docker-compose` 命令的用法。
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```sh
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$ docker-compose -h
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Define and run multi-container applications with Docker.
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Usage:
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docker-compose [-f=<arg>...] [options] [COMMAND] [ARGS...]
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docker-compose -h|--help
Options:
-f, --file FILE Specify an alternate compose file (default: docker-compose.yml)
-p, --project-name NAME Specify an alternate project name (default: directory name)
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--x-networking (EXPERIMENTAL) Use new Docker networking functionality.
Requires Docker 1.9 or later.
--x-network-driver DRIVER (EXPERIMENTAL) Specify a network driver (default: "bridge").
Requires Docker 1.9 or later.
--verbose Show more output
-v, --version Print version and exit
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Commands:
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build Build or rebuild services
help Get help on a command
kill Kill containers
logs View output from containers
pause Pause services
port Print the public port for a port binding
ps List containers
pull Pulls service images
restart Restart services
rm Remove stopped containers
run Run a one-off command
scale Set number of containers for a service
start Start services
stop Stop services
unpause Unpause services
up Create and start containers
migrate-to-labels Recreate containers to add labels
version Show the Docker-Compose version information
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```
之后,可以添加 bash 补全命令。
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```sh
$ curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker/compose/1.8.0/contrib/completion/bash/docker-compose > /etc/bash_completion.d/docker-compose
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```
### 二进制包
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官方定义编译好二进制包,供大家使用。这些发布的二进制包可以在 [https://github.com/docker/compose/releases](https://github.com/docker/compose/releases) 页面找到。
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这些二进制文件,下载后直接放到执行路径下,并添加执行权限即可。
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例如,在 Linux 平台上。
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```
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$ sudo curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.8.0/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
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$ sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
```
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可以使用 `docker-compose version` 命令来查看版本信息,以测试是否安装成功。
```sh
$ docker-compose version
docker-compose version 1.8.0, build 94f7016
docker-py version: 1.9.0
CPython version: 2.7.6
OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.1f 6 Jan 2014
```
### 容器中执行
Compose 既然是一个 Python 应用,自然也可以直接用容器来执行它。
```sh
$ curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.8.0/run.sh > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
$ chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
```
实际上,查看下载的 `run.sh` 脚本内容,如下
```sh
set -e
VERSION="1.8.0"
IMAGE="docker/compose:$VERSION"
# Setup options for connecting to docker host
if [ -z "$DOCKER_HOST" ]; then
DOCKER_HOST="/var/run/docker.sock"
fi
if [ -S "$DOCKER_HOST" ]; then
DOCKER_ADDR="-v $DOCKER_HOST:$DOCKER_HOST -e DOCKER_HOST"
else
DOCKER_ADDR="-e DOCKER_HOST -e DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY -e DOCKER_CERT_PATH"
fi
# Setup volume mounts for compose config and context
if [ "$(pwd)" != '/' ]; then
VOLUMES="-v $(pwd):$(pwd)"
fi
if [ -n "$COMPOSE_FILE" ]; then
compose_dir=$(dirname $COMPOSE_FILE)
fi
# TODO: also check --file argument
if [ -n "$compose_dir" ]; then
VOLUMES="$VOLUMES -v $compose_dir:$compose_dir"
fi
if [ -n "$HOME" ]; then
VOLUMES="$VOLUMES -v $HOME:$HOME -v $HOME:/root" # mount $HOME in /root to share docker.config
fi
# Only allocate tty if we detect one
if [ -t 1 ]; then
DOCKER_RUN_OPTIONS="-t"
fi
if [ -t 0 ]; then
DOCKER_RUN_OPTIONS="$DOCKER_RUN_OPTIONS -i"
fi
exec docker run --rm $DOCKER_RUN_OPTIONS $DOCKER_ADDR $COMPOSE_OPTIONS $VOLUMES -w "$(pwd)" $IMAGE "$@"
```
可以看到,它其实是下载了 `docker/compose` 镜像并运行。
### 卸载
如果是二进制包方式安装的,删除二进制文件即可。
```sh
$ sudo rm /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
```
如果是通过 python pip 工具安装的,则可以执行如下命令删除。
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```sh
$ sudo pip uninstall docker-compose
```