147 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
147 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
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## 树莓派卡片电脑安装 Docker CE
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### 系统要求
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Docker CE 不仅支持 `x86_64` 架构的计算机，同时也支持 `ARM` 架构的计算机，本小节内容以树莓派单片电脑为例讲解 `ARM` 架构安装 Docker CE。
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Docker CE 支持以下版本的 [Raspbian](https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/) 操作系统：
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* Raspbian Stretch
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* Raspbian Jessie
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*注：* `Raspbian` 是树莓派基金会为树莓派卡片电脑设计的 Linux 发行版，其基于 Debian。
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### 使用 APT 镜像源 安装
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由于官方源使用 HTTPS 以确保软件下载过程中不被篡改。因此，我们首先需要添加使用 HTTPS 传输的软件包以及 CA 证书。
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```bash
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$ sudo apt-get update
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$ sudo apt-get install \
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apt-transport-https \
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ca-certificates \
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curl \
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gnupg2 \
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lsb-release \
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software-properties-common
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```
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鉴于国内网络问题，强烈建议使用国内源，下面先介绍国内源的使用。
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#### 国内源
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为了确认所下载软件包的合法性，需要添加软件源的 GPG 密钥。
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```bash
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$ curl -fsSL https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/raspbian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
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```
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然后，我们需要向 `source.list` 中添加 Docker CE 软件源：
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```bash
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$ sudo add-apt-repository \
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"deb [arch=armhf] https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/raspbian \
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$(lsb_release -cs) \
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stable"
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```
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>以上命令会添加稳定版本的 Docker CE APT 镜像源，如果需要最新版本的 Docker CE 请将 stable 改为 edge 或者 test。从 Docker 17.06 开始，edge test 版本的 APT 镜像源也会包含稳定版本的 Docker CE。
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#### 官方源
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```bash
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$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/raspbian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
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$ sudo add-apt-repository \
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"deb [arch=armhf] https://download.docker.com/linux/raspbian \
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$(lsb_release -cs) \
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stable"
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```
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#### 安装 Docker CE
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更新 apt 软件包缓存，并安装 `docker-ce`。
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```bash
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$ sudo apt-get update
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$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce
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```
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### 使用脚本自动安装
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在测试或开发环境中 Docker 官方为了简化安装流程，提供了一套便捷的安装脚本，Raspbian 系统上可以使用这套脚本安装：
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```bash
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$ curl -fsSL get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
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$ sudo sh get-docker.sh --mirror Aliyun
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```
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执行这个命令后，脚本就会自动的将一切准备工作做好，并且把 Docker CE 的 edge 版本安装在系统中。
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### 启动 Docker CE
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```bash
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$ sudo systemctl enable docker
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$ sudo systemctl start docker
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```
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### 建立 docker 用户组
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默认情况下，`docker` 命令会使用 [Unix socket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_domain_socket) 与 Docker 引擎通讯。而只有 `root` 用户和 `docker` 组的用户才可以访问 Docker 引擎的 Unix socket。出于安全考虑，一般 Linux 系统上不会直接使用 `root` 用户。因此，更好地做法是将需要使用 `docker` 的用户加入 `docker` 用户组。
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建立 `docker` 组：
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```bash
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$ sudo groupadd docker
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```
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将当前用户加入 `docker` 组：
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```bash
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$ sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
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```
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### 测试 Docker 是否安装正确
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```bash
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$ docker run arm32v7/hello-world
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Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
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latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
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ca4f61b1923c: Pull complete
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Digest: sha256:be0cd392e45be79ffeffa6b05338b98ebb16c87b255f48e297ec7f98e123905c
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Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
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Hello from Docker!
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This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
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To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
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1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
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2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
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(amd64)
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3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
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executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
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4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
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to your terminal.
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To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
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$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
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Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
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https://cloud.docker.com/
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For more examples and ideas, visit:
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https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/
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```
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若能正常输出以上信息，则说明安装成功。
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*注意：* ARM 平台不能使用 `x86` 镜像，查看 Raspbian 可使用镜像请访问 [arm32v7](https://hub.docker.com/u/arm32v7/)。
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### 镜像加速
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鉴于国内网络问题，后续拉取 Docker 镜像十分缓慢，强烈建议安装 Docker 之后配置 [国内镜像加速](mirror.md)。
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