199 lines
5.8 KiB
Markdown
199 lines
5.8 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Linux 网络测试命令
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date: 2018/02/28
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categories:
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- linux
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tags:
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- linux
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- command
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---
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# Linux 网络测试命令
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> 关键词：`host`, `nslookup`, `nc`/`netcat`, `dig`, `ping`, `traceroute`, `netstat`
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<!-- TOC depthFrom:2 depthTo:2 -->
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- [host](#host)
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- [nslookup](#nslookup)
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- [nc/netcat](#ncnetcat)
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- [dig](#dig)
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- [ping](#ping)
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- [traceroute](#traceroute)
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- [netstat](#netstat)
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<!-- /TOC -->
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## host
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> host 命令是常用的分析域名查询工具，可以用来测试域名系统工作是否正常。
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>
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> 参考：http://man.linuxde.net/host
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示例：
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```sh
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[root@localhost ~]# host www.jsdig.com
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www.jsdig.com is an alias for host.1.jsdig.com.
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host.1.jsdig.com has address 100.42.212.8
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[root@localhost ~]# host -a www.jsdig.com
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Trying "www.jsdig.com"
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;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 34671
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;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
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;; QUESTION SECTION:
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;www.jsdig.com. IN ANY
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;; ANSWER SECTION:
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www.jsdig.com. 463 IN CNAME host.1.jsdig.com.
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Received 54 bytes from 202.96.104.15#53 in 0 ms
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```
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## nslookup
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> nslookup 命令是常用域名查询工具，就是查 DNS 信息用的命令。
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>
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> 参考：http://man.linuxde.net/nslookup
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示例：
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```sh
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[root@localhost ~]# nslookup www.jsdig.com
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Server: 202.96.104.15
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Address: 202.96.104.15#53
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Non-authoritative answer:
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www.jsdig.com canonical name = host.1.jsdig.com.
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Name: host.1.jsdig.com
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Address: 100.42.212.8
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```
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## nc/netcat
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> nc 命令是 netcat 命令的简称，都是用来设置路由器。
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>
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> 参考：http://man.linuxde.net/nc_netcat
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示例：
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```sh
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# TCP 端口扫描
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[root@localhost ~]# nc -v -z -w2 192.168.0.3 1-100
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192.168.0.3: inverse host lookup failed: Unknown host
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(UNKNOWN) [192.168.0.3] 80 (http) open
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(UNKNOWN) [192.168.0.3] 23 (telnet) open
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(UNKNOWN) [192.168.0.3] 22 (ssh) open
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# UDP 端口扫描
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[root@localhost ~]# nc -u -z -w2 192.168.0.1 1-1000 # 扫描192.168.0.3 的端口 范围是 1-1000
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```
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## dig
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> dig 命令是常用的域名查询工具，可以用来测试域名系统工作是否正常。
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>
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> 参考：http://man.linuxde.net/dig
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示例：
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```sh
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[root@localhost ~]# dig www.jsdig.com
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; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1-RedHat-9.3.6-20.P1.el5_8.1 <<>> www.jsdig.com
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;; global options: printcmd
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;; Got answer:
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;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 2115
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;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 0
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;; QUESTION SECTION:
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;www.jsdig.com. IN A
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;; ANSWER SECTION:
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www.jsdig.com. 0 IN CNAME host.1.jsdig.com.
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host.1.jsdig.com. 0 IN A 100.42.212.8
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;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
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jsdig.com. 8 IN NS f1g1ns2.dnspod.net.
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jsdig.com. 8 IN NS f1g1ns1.dnspod.net.
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;; Query time: 0 msec
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;; SERVER: 202.96.104.15#53(202.96.104.15)
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;; WHEN: Thu Dec 26 11:14:37 2013
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;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 121
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```
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## ping
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> ping 命令用来测试主机之间网络的连通性。执行 ping 指令会使用 ICMP 传输协议，发出要求回应的信息，若远端主机的网络功能没有问题，就会回应该信息，因而得知该主机运作正常。
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>
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> 参考：http://man.linuxde.net/ping
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示例：
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```sh
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[root@AY1307311912260196fcZ ~]# ping www.jsdig.com
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PING host.1.jsdig.com (100.42.212.8) 56(84) bytes of data.
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64 bytes from 100-42-212-8.static.webnx.com (100.42.212.8): icmp_seq=1 ttl=50 time=177 ms
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64 bytes from 100-42-212-8.static.webnx.com (100.42.212.8): icmp_seq=2 ttl=50 time=178 ms
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64 bytes from 100-42-212-8.static.webnx.com (100.42.212.8): icmp_seq=3 ttl=50 time=174 ms
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64 bytes from 100-42-212-8.static.webnx.com (100.42.212.8): icmp_seq=4 ttl=50 time=177 ms
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...按Ctrl+C结束
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--- host.1.jsdig.com ping statistics ---
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4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2998ms
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rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 174.068/176.916/178.182/1.683 ms
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```
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## traceroute
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> traceroute 命令用于追踪数据包在网络上的传输时的全部路径，它默认发送的数据包大小是 40 字节。
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>
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> 参考：http://man.linuxde.net/traceroute
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示例：
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```sh
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traceroute www.58.com
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traceroute to www.58.com (211.151.111.30), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets
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1 unknown (192.168.2.1) 3.453 ms 3.801 ms 3.937 ms
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2 221.6.45.33 (221.6.45.33) 7.768 ms 7.816 ms 7.840 ms
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3 221.6.0.233 (221.6.0.233) 13.784 ms 13.827 ms 221.6.9.81 (221.6.9.81) 9.758 ms
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4 221.6.2.169 (221.6.2.169) 11.777 ms 122.96.66.13 (122.96.66.13) 34.952 ms 221.6.2.53 (221.6.2.53) 41.372 ms
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5 219.158.96.149 (219.158.96.149) 39.167 ms 39.210 ms 39.238 ms
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6 123.126.0.194 (123.126.0.194) 37.270 ms 123.126.0.66 (123.126.0.66) 37.163 ms 37.441 ms
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7 124.65.57.26 (124.65.57.26) 42.787 ms 42.799 ms 42.809 ms
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8 61.148.146.210 (61.148.146.210) 30.176 ms 61.148.154.98 (61.148.154.98) 32.613 ms 32.675 ms
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9 202.106.42.102 (202.106.42.102) 44.563 ms 44.600 ms 44.627 ms
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10 210.77.139.150 (210.77.139.150) 53.302 ms 53.233 ms 53.032 ms
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11 211.151.104.6 (211.151.104.6) 39.585 ms 39.502 ms 39.598 ms
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12 211.151.111.30 (211.151.111.30) 35.161 ms 35.938 ms 36.005 ms
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```
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## netstat
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> netstat 命令用来打印 Linux 中网络系统的状态信息，可让你得知整个 Linux 系统的网络情况。
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>
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> 参考：http://man.linuxde.net/netstat
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示例：
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```sh
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# 列出所有端口 (包括监听和未监听的)
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netstat -a #列出所有端口
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netstat -at #列出所有tcp端口
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netstat -au #列出所有udp端口
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# 列出所有处于监听状态的 Sockets
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netstat -l #只显示监听端口
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netstat -lt #只列出所有监听 tcp 端口
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netstat -lu #只列出所有监听 udp 端口
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netstat -lx #只列出所有监听 UNIX 端口
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# 显示每个协议的统计信息
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netstat -s 显示所有端口的统计信息
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netstat -st 显示TCP端口的统计信息
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netstat -su 显示UDP端口的统计信息
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```
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