mirror of https://github.com/easzlab/kubeasz.git
152 lines
6.8 KiB
Markdown
152 lines
6.8 KiB
Markdown
# Prometheus
|
||
随着`heapster`项目停止更新并慢慢被`metrics-server`取代，集群监控这项任务也将最终转移。`prometheus`的监控理念、数据结构设计其实相当精简，包括其非常灵活的查询语言；但是对于初学者来说，想要在k8s集群中实践搭建一套相对可用的部署却比较麻烦，由此还产生了不少专门的项目（如：[prometheus-operator](https://github.com/coreos/prometheus-operator)），本文介绍使用`helm chart`部署集群的prometheus监控。
|
||
- `helm`已成为`CNCF`独立托管项目，预计会更加流行起来
|
||
|
||
## 前提
|
||
|
||
- 安装 helm：以本项目[安全安装helm](helm.md)为例
|
||
- 安装 [kube-dns](kubedns.md)
|
||
|
||
## 准备
|
||
|
||
安装目录概览 `ll /etc/ansible/manifests/prometheus`
|
||
|
||
``` bash
|
||
drwx------ 3 root root 4096 Jun 3 22:42 grafana/
|
||
-rw-r----- 1 root root 67875 Jun 4 22:47 grafana-dashboards.yaml
|
||
-rw-r----- 1 root root 690 Jun 4 09:34 grafana-settings.yaml
|
||
-rw-r----- 1 root root 1105 May 30 16:54 prom-alertrules.yaml
|
||
-rw-r----- 1 root root 474 Jun 5 10:04 prom-alertsmanager.yaml
|
||
drwx------ 3 root root 4096 Jun 2 21:39 prometheus/
|
||
-rw-r----- 1 root root 294 May 30 18:09 prom-settings.yaml
|
||
```
|
||
- 目录`prometheus/`和`grafana/`即官方的helm charts，可以使用`helm fetch --untar stable/prometheus` 和 `helm fetch --untar stable/grafana`下载，本安装不会修改任何官方charts里面的内容，这样方便以后跟踪charts版本的更新
|
||
- `prom-settings.yaml`：个性化prometheus安装参数，比如禁用PV，禁用pushgateway，设置nodePort等
|
||
- `prom-alertrules.yaml`：配置告警规则
|
||
- `prom-alertsmanager.yaml`：配置告警邮箱设置等
|
||
- `grafana-settings.yaml`：个性化grafana安装参数，比如用户名密码，datasources，dashboardProviders等
|
||
- `grafana-dashboards.yaml`：预设置dashboard
|
||
|
||
## 安装
|
||
|
||
``` bash
|
||
$ source ~/.bashrc
|
||
$ cd /etc/ansible/manifests/prometheus
|
||
# 安装 prometheus chart，如果你的helm安装没有启用tls证书，请忽略--tls参数
|
||
$ helm install --tls \
|
||
--name monitor \
|
||
--namespace monitoring \
|
||
-f prom-settings.yaml \
|
||
-f prom-alertsmanager.yaml \
|
||
-f prom-alertrules.yaml \
|
||
prometheus
|
||
# 安装 grafana chart
|
||
$ helm install --tls \
|
||
--name grafana \
|
||
--namespace monitoring \
|
||
-f grafana-settings.yaml \
|
||
-f grafana-dashboards.yaml \
|
||
grafana
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 验证安装
|
||
|
||
``` bash
|
||
# 查看相关pod和svc
|
||
$ kubectl get pod,svc -n monitoring
|
||
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
|
||
grafana-54dc76d47d-2mk55 1/1 Running 0 1m
|
||
monitor-prometheus-alertmanager-6d9d9b5b96-w57bk 2/2 Running 0 2m
|
||
monitor-prometheus-kube-state-metrics-69f5d56f49-fh9z7 1/1 Running 0 2m
|
||
monitor-prometheus-node-exporter-55bwx 1/1 Running 0 2m
|
||
monitor-prometheus-node-exporter-k8sb2 1/1 Running 0 2m
|
||
monitor-prometheus-node-exporter-kxlr9 1/1 Running 0 2m
|
||
monitor-prometheus-node-exporter-r5dx8 1/1 Running 0 2m
|
||
monitor-prometheus-server-5ccfc77dff-8h9k6 2/2 Running 0 2m
|
||
|
||
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
|
||
grafana NodePort 10.68.74.242 <none> 80:39002/TCP 1m
|
||
monitor-prometheus-alertmanager NodePort 10.68.69.105 <none> 80:39001/TCP 2m
|
||
monitor-prometheus-kube-state-metrics ClusterIP None <none> 80/TCP 2m
|
||
monitor-prometheus-node-exporter ClusterIP None <none> 9100/TCP 2m
|
||
monitor-prometheus-server NodePort 10.68.248.94 <none> 80:39000/TCP 2m
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 访问prometheus的web界面：`http://$NodeIP:39000`
|
||
- 访问alertmanager的web界面：`http://$NodeIP:39001`
|
||
- 访问grafana的web界面：`http://$NodeIP:39002` (默认用户密码 admin:admin，可在web界面修改)
|
||
|
||
## 管理操作
|
||
|
||
- 升级（修改配置）：修改配置请在`prom-settings.yaml` `prom-alertsmanager.yaml` 等文件中进行，保存后执行：
|
||
``` bash
|
||
# 修改prometheus
|
||
$ helm upgrade --tls monitor -f prom-settings.yaml -f prom-alertsmanager.yaml -f prom-alertrules.yaml prometheus
|
||
# 修改grafana
|
||
$ helm upgrade --tls grafana -f grafana-settings.yaml -f grafana-dashboards.yaml grafana
|
||
```
|
||
- 回退：具体可以参考`helm help rollback`文档
|
||
``` bash
|
||
$ helm rollback --tls monitor [REVISION]
|
||
```
|
||
- 删除
|
||
``` bash
|
||
$ helm del --tls monitor --purge
|
||
$ helm del --tls grafana --purge
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 验证告警
|
||
|
||
- 修改`prom-alertsmanager.yaml`文件中邮件告警为有效的配置内容，并使用 helm upgrade更新安装
|
||
- 手动临时关闭 master 节点的 kubelet 服务，等待几分钟看是否有告警邮件发送
|
||
|
||
``` bash
|
||
# 在 master 节点运行
|
||
$ systemctl stop kubelet
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## [可选] 配置钉钉告警
|
||
|
||
- 创建钉钉群，获取群机器人 webhook 地址
|
||
|
||
使用钉钉创建群聊以后可以方便设置群机器人，【群设置】-【群机器人】-【添加】-【自定义】-【添加】，然后按提示操作即可，参考 https://open-doc.dingtalk.com/docs/doc.htm?spm=a219a.7629140.0.0.666d4a97eCG7XA&treeId=257&articleId=105735&docType=1
|
||
|
||
上述配置好群机器人，获得这个机器人对应的Webhook地址，记录下来，后续配置钉钉告警插件要用，格式如下
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=xxxxxxxx
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 创建钉钉告警插件，参考 http://theo.im/blog/2017/10/16/release-prometheus-alertmanager-webhook-for-dingtalk/
|
||
|
||
``` bash
|
||
# 编辑修改文件中 access_token=xxxxxx 为上一步你获得的机器人认证 token
|
||
$ vi /etc/ansible/manifests/prometheus/dingtalk-webhook.yaml
|
||
# 运行插件
|
||
$ kubectl apply -f /etc/ansible/manifests/prometheus/dingtalk-webhook.yaml
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- 修改 alertsmanager 告警配置后，更新 helm prometheus 部署，成功后如上节测试告警发送
|
||
|
||
``` bash
|
||
# 修改 alertsmanager 告警配置
|
||
$ cd /etc/ansible/manifests/prometheus
|
||
$ vi prom-alertsmanager.yaml
|
||
# 增加 receiver dingtalk，然后在 route 配置使用 receiver: dingtalk
|
||
receivers:
|
||
- name: dingtalk
|
||
webhook_configs:
|
||
- send_resolved: false
|
||
url: http://webhook-dingtalk.monitoring.svc.cluster.local:8060/dingtalk/webhook1/send
|
||
# ...
|
||
# 更新 helm prometheus 部署
|
||
$ helm upgrade --tls monitor -f prom-settings.yaml -f prom-alertsmanager.yaml -f prom-alertrules.yaml prometheus
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 下一步
|
||
|
||
- 继续了解prometheus查询语言和配置文件
|
||
- 继续了解prometheus告警规则，编写适合业务应用的告警规则
|
||
- 继续了解grafana的dashboard编写，本项目参考了部分[feisky的模板](https://grafana.com/orgs/feisky/dashboards)
|
||
如果对以上部分有心得总结，欢迎分享贡献在项目中。
|