mirror of https://github.com/easzlab/kubeasz.git
241 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
241 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
### 第一部分:EFK
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`EFK` 插件是`k8s`项目的一个日志解决方案,它包括三个组件:[Elasticsearch](), [Fluentd](), [Kibana]();Elasticsearch 是日志存储和日志搜索引擎,Fluentd 负责把`k8s`集群的日志发送给 Elasticsearch, Kibana 则是可视化界面查看和检索存储在 ES 中的数据。
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### 准备
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参考官方[部署文档](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons/fluentd-elasticsearch)的基础上使用本项目`manifests/efk/`部署,以下为几点主要的修改:
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+ 修改 fluentd-es-configmap.yaml 中的部分 journald 日志源(增加集群组件服务日志搜集)
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+ 修改官方docker镜像,方便国内下载加速
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+ 修改 es-statefulset.yaml 支持日志存储持久化等
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+ 增加自动清理日志,见后文`第四部分`
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### 安装
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``` bash
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$ kubectl apply -f /etc/ansible/manifests/efk/
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$ kubectl apply -f /etc/ansible/manifests/efk/es-without-pv/
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```
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### 验证
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``` bash
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kubectl get pods -n kube-system|grep -E 'elasticsearch|fluentd|kibana'
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elasticsearch-logging-0 1/1 Running 0 19h
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elasticsearch-logging-1 1/1 Running 0 19h
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fluentd-es-v2.0.2-6c95c 1/1 Running 0 17h
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fluentd-es-v2.0.2-f2xh8 1/1 Running 0 8h
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fluentd-es-v2.0.2-pv5q5 1/1 Running 0 8h
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kibana-logging-d5cffd7c6-9lz2p 1/1 Running 0 1m
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```
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kibana Pod 第一次启动时会用较长时间(10-20分钟)来优化和 Cache 状态页面,可以查看 Pod 的日志观察进度,如下等待 `Ready` 状态
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``` bash
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$ kubectl logs -n kube-system kibana-logging-d5cffd7c6-9lz2p -f
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...
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{"type":"log","@timestamp":"2018-03-13T07:33:00Z","tags":["listening","info"],"pid":1,"message":"Server running at http://0:5601"}
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{"type":"log","@timestamp":"2018-03-13T07:33:00Z","tags":["status","ui settings","info"],"pid":1,"state":"green","message":"Status changed from uninitialized to green - Ready","prevState":"uninitialized","prevMsg":"uninitialized"}
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```
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### 访问 Kibana
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推荐使用`kube-apiserver`方式访问(可以使用basic-auth、证书和rbac等方式进行认证授权),获取访问 URL
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- 开启 apiserver basic-auth(用户名/密码认证):`easzctl basic-auth -s -u admin -p test1234`
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``` bash
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$ kubectl cluster-info | grep Kibana
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Kibana is running at https://192.168.1.10:8443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kibana-logging/proxy
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```
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浏览器访问 URL:`https://192.168.1.10:8443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kibana-logging/proxy`,然后使用`basic-auth`或者`证书` 的方式认证后即可,关于认证可以参考[dashboard文档](dashboard.md)
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首次登录需要在`Management` - `Index Patterns` 创建 `index pattern`,可以使用默认的 logstash-* pattern,点击下一步;在 Time Filter field name 下拉框选择 @timestamp; 点击创建Index Pattern后,稍等几分钟就可以在 Discover 菜单看到 ElasticSearch logging 中汇聚的日志;
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### 第二部分:日志持久化之静态PV
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日志数据是存放于 `Elasticsearch POD`中,但是默认情况下它使用的是`emptyDir`存储类型,所以当 `POD`被删除或重新调度时,日志数据也就丢失了。以下讲解使用`NFS` 服务器手动(静态)创建`PV` 持久化保存日志数据的例子。
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#### 配置 NFS
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+ 准备一个nfs服务器,如果没有可以参考[nfs-server](nfs-server.md)创建。
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+ 配置nfs服务器的共享目录,即修改`/etc/exports`(根据实际网段替换`192.168.1.*`),修改后重启`systemctl restart nfs-server`。
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``` bash
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/share 192.168.1.*(rw,sync,insecure,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)
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/share/es0 192.168.1.*(rw,sync,insecure,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)
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/share/es1 192.168.1.*(rw,sync,insecure,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)
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/share/es2 192.168.1.*(rw,sync,insecure,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)
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```
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#### 使用静态 PV安装 EFK
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- 请按实际日志容量需求修改 `es-static-pv/es-statefulset.yaml` 文件中 volumeClaimTemplates 设置的 storage: 4Gi 大小
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- 请根据实际nfs服务器地址、共享目录、容量大小修改 `es-static-pv/es-pv*.yaml` 文件中对应的设置
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``` bash
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# 如果之前已经安装了默认的EFK,请用以下两个命令先删除它
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$ kubectl delete -f /etc/ansible/manifests/efk/
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$ kubectl delete -f /etc/ansible/manifests/efk/es-without-pv/
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# 安装静态PV 的 EFK
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$ kubectl apply -f /etc/ansible/manifests/efk/
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$ kubectl apply -f /etc/ansible/manifests/efk/es-static-pv/
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```
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+ 目录`es-static-pv` 下首先是利用 NFS服务预定义了三个 PV资源,然后在 `es-statefulset.yaml`定义中使用 `volumeClaimTemplates` 去匹配使用预定义的 PV资源;注意 PV参数:`accessModes` `storageClassName` `storage`容量大小必须两边匹配。
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#### 验证安装
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+ 1.集群中查看 `pod` `pv` `pvc` 等资源
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``` bash
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$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system|grep -E 'elasticsearch|fluentd|kibana'
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elasticsearch-logging-0 1/1 Running 0 10m
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elasticsearch-logging-1 1/1 Running 0 10m
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fluentd-es-v2.0.2-6c95c 1/1 Running 0 10m
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fluentd-es-v2.0.2-f2xh8 1/1 Running 0 10m
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fluentd-es-v2.0.2-pv5q5 1/1 Running 0 10m
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kibana-logging-d5cffd7c6-9lz2p 1/1 Running 0 10m
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$ kubectl get pv
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NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE
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pv-es-0 4Gi RWX Recycle Bound kube-system/elasticsearch-logging-elasticsearch-logging-0 es-storage-class 1m
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pv-es-1 4Gi RWX Recycle Bound kube-system/elasticsearch-logging-elasticsearch-logging-1 es-storage-class 1m
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pv-es-2 4Gi RWX Recycle Available es-storage-class 1m
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$ kubectl get pvc --all-namespaces
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NAMESPACE NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE
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kube-system elasticsearch-logging-elasticsearch-logging-0 Bound pv-es-0 4Gi RWX es-storage-class 2m
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kube-system elasticsearch-logging-elasticsearch-logging-1 Bound pv-es-1 4Gi RWX es-storage-class 1m
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```
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+ 2.网页访问 `kibana`查看具体的日志,如上须等待(约15分钟) `kibana Pod`优化和 Cache 状态页面,达到 `Ready` 状态。
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+ 3.登录 NFS Server 查看对应目录和内部数据
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``` bash
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$ ls /share
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es0 es1 es2
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```
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### 第三部分:日志持久化之动态PV
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`PV` 作为集群的存储资源,`StatefulSet` 依靠它实现 POD的状态数据持久化,但是当 `StatefulSet`动态伸缩时,它的 `PVC`请求也会变化,如果每次都需要管理员手动去创建对应的 `PV`资源,那就很不方便;因此 K8S还提供了 `provisioner`来动态创建 `PV`,不仅节省了管理员的时间,还可以根据不同的 `StorageClasses`封装不同类型的存储供 PVC 选用。
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+ 此功能需要 `API-SERVER` 参数 `--admission-control`字符串设置中包含 `DefaultStorageClass`,本项目中已经开启。
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+ `provisioner`指定 Volume 插件的类型,包括内置插件(如 kubernetes.io/glusterfs)和外部插件(如 external-storage 提供的 ceph.com/cephfs,nfs-client等),以下讲解使用 `nfs-client-provisioner`来动态创建 `PV`来持久化保存 `EFK`的日志数据。
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#### 配置 NFS(同上)
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确保 `/etc/exports` 配置如下共享目录,并确保 `/share`目录可读可写权限,否则可能因为权限问题无法动态生成 PV的对应目录。(根据实际情况替换IP段`192.168.1.*`)
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``` bash
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/share 192.168.1.*(rw,sync,insecure,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)
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```
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#### 使用动态 PV安装 EFK
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- 首先根据[集群存储](../setup/08-cluster-storage.md)创建nfs-client-provisioner
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- 然后按实际需求修改 `es-dynamic-pv/es-statefulset.yaml` 文件中 volumeClaimTemplates 设置的 storage: 4Gi 大小
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``` bash
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# 如果之前已经安装了默认的EFK或者静态PV EFK,请用以下命令先删除它
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$ kubectl delete -f /etc/ansible/manifests/efk/
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$ kubectl delete -f /etc/ansible/manifests/efk/es-without-pv/
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$ kubectl delete -f /etc/ansible/manifests/efk/es-static-pv/
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# 安装动态PV 的 EFK
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$ kubectl apply -f /etc/ansible/manifests/efk/
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$ kubectl apply -f /etc/ansible/manifests/efk/es-dynamic-pv/
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```
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+ 首先 `nfs-client-provisioner.yaml` 创建一个工作 POD,它监听集群的 PVC请求,并当 PVC请求来到时调用 `nfs-client` 去请求 `nfs-server`的存储资源,成功后即动态生成对应的 PV资源。
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+ `nfs-dynamic-storageclass.yaml` 定义 NFS存储类型的类型名 `nfs-dynamic-class`,然后在 `es-statefulset.yaml`中必须使用这个类型名才能动态请求到资源。
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#### 验证安装
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+ 1.集群中查看 `pod` `pv` `pvc` 等资源
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``` bash
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$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system|grep -E 'elasticsearch|fluentd|kibana'
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elasticsearch-logging-0 1/1 Running 0 10m
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elasticsearch-logging-1 1/1 Running 0 10m
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fluentd-es-v2.0.2-6c95c 1/1 Running 0 10m
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fluentd-es-v2.0.2-f2xh8 1/1 Running 0 10m
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fluentd-es-v2.0.2-pv5q5 1/1 Running 0 10m
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kibana-logging-d5cffd7c6-9lz2p 1/1 Running 0 10m
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$ kubectl get pv
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NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE
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pvc-50644f36-358b-11e8-9edd-525400cecc16 4Gi RWX Delete Bound kube-system/elasticsearch-logging-elasticsearch-logging-0 nfs-dynamic-class 10m
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pvc-5b105ee6-358b-11e8-9edd-525400cecc16 4Gi RWX Delete Bound kube-system/elasticsearch-logging-elasticsearch-logging-1 nfs-dynamic-class 10m
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$ kubectl get pvc --all-namespaces
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NAMESPACE NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE
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kube-system elasticsearch-logging-elasticsearch-logging-0 Bound pvc-50644f36-358b-11e8-9edd-525400cecc16 4Gi RWX nfs-dynamic-class 10m
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kube-system elasticsearch-logging-elasticsearch-logging-1 Bound pvc-5b105ee6-358b-11e8-9edd-525400cecc16 4Gi RWX nfs-dynamic-class 10m
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```
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+ 2.网页访问 `kibana`查看具体的日志,如上须等待(约15分钟) `kibana Pod`优化和 Cache 状态页面,达到 `Ready` 状态。
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+ 3.登录 NFS Server 查看对应目录和内部数据
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``` bash
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$ ls /share # 可以看到类似如下的目录生成
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kube-system-elasticsearch-logging-elasticsearch-logging-0-pvc-50644f36-358b-11e8-9edd-525400cecc16
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kube-system-elasticsearch-logging-elasticsearch-logging-1-pvc-5b105ee6-358b-11e8-9edd-525400cecc16
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```
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### 第四部分:日志自动清理
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我们知道日志都存储在elastic集群中,且日志每天被分割成一个index,例如:
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```
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/ # curl elasticsearch-logging:9200/_cat/indices?v
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health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
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green open logstash-2019.04.29 ejMBlRcJQvqK76xIerenYg 5 1 69864 0 65.9mb 32.9mb
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green open logstash-2019.04.28 hacNCuQVTQCUL62Sl8avOA 5 1 17558 0 21.3mb 10.6mb
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green open .kibana_1 MVjF8lQeRDeKfoZcDhA93A 1 1 2 0 30.1kb 15kb
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green open logstash-2019.05.05 m2aD8X9RQ3u48DvVq18x_Q 5 1 31218 0 34.4mb 17.2mb
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green open logstash-2019.05.01 66OjwM5wT--DZaVfzUdXYQ 5 1 50610 0 54.6mb 27.1mb
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green open logstash-2019.04.30 L3AH165jT6izjHHa5L5g0w 5 1 56401 0 55.5mb 27.8mb
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...
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```
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因此 EFK 中的日志自动清理,只要定时去删除 es 中的 index 即可,如下命令
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```
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$ curl -X DELETE elasticsearch-logging:9200/logstash-xxxx.xx.xx
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```
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基于 alpine:3.8 创建镜像`es-index-rotator` [查看Dockerfile](../../dockerfiles/es-index-rotator/Dockerfile),然后创建一个cronjob去完成清理任务
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```
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$ kubectl apply -f /etc/ansible/manifests/efk/es-index-rotator/
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```
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#### 验证日志清理
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- 查看 cronjob
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```
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$ kubectl get cronjob -n kube-system
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NAME SCHEDULE SUSPEND ACTIVE LAST SCHEDULE AGE
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es-index-rotator 3 1 */1 * * False 0 19h 20h
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```
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- 查看日志清理情况
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```
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$ kubectl get pod -n kube-system |grep es-index-rotator
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es-index-rotator-1557507780-7xb89 0/1 Completed 0 19h
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# 查看日志,可以了解日志清理情况
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$ kubectl logs -n kube-system es-index-rotator-1557507780-7xb89 es-index-rotator
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```
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HAVE FUN!
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### 参考
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1. [EFK 配置](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons/fluentd-elasticsearch)
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1. [nfs-client-provisioner](https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/external-storage/tree/master/nfs-client)
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1. [persistent-volume](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/#persistentvolumeclaims)
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1. [storage-classes](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/storage-classes/)
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