kubeasz/docs/05-安装calico网络组件.md

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## 05-安装calico网络组件.md
推荐阅读[feiskyer-kubernetes指南](https://github.com/feiskyer/kubernetes-handbook) 网络相关内容
首先回顾下K8S网络设计原则在配置集群网络插件或者实践K8S 应用/服务部署请时刻想到这些原则:
- 1.每个Pod都拥有一个独立IP地址Pod内所有容器共享一个网络命名空间
- 2.集群内所有Pod都在一个直接连通的扁平网络中可通过IP直接访问
- 所有容器之间无需NAT就可以直接互相访问
- 所有Node和所有容器之间无需NAT就可以直接互相访问
- 容器自己看到的IP跟其他容器看到的一样
- 3.Service cluster IP尽可在集群内部访问外部请求需要通过NodePort、LoadBalance或者Ingress来访问
**Container Network Interface (CNI)**是目前CNCF主推的网络模型它由两部分组成
- CNI Plugin负责给容器配置网络它包括两个基本的接口
- 配置网络: AddNetwork(net *NetworkConfig, rt *RuntimeConf) (types.Result, error)
- 清理网络: DelNetwork(net *NetworkConfig, rt *RuntimeConf) error
- IPAM Plugin负责给容器分配IP地址
Kubernetes Pod的网络是这样创建的
- 0.每个Pod除了创建时指定的容器外都有一个kubelet启动时指定的`基础容器`,比如:[mirrorgooglecontainers/pause-amd64]() [registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure]()
- 1.首先 kubelet创建`基础容器`生成network namespace
- 2.然后 kubelet调用网络CNI driver由它根据配置调用具体的CNI 插件
- 3.然后 CNI 插件给`基础容器`配置网络
- 4.最后 Pod 中其他的容器共享使用`基础容器`的网络
本文档基于CNI driver 调用calico 插件来配置kubernetes的网络常用CNI插件有 `flannel` `calico` `weave`等等这些插件各有优势也在互相借鉴学习优点比如在所有node节点都在一个二层网络时候flannel提供hostgw实现避免vxlan实现的udp封装开销估计是目前最高效的calico也针对L3 Fabric推出了IPinIP的选项利用了GRE隧道封装因此这些插件都能适合很多实际应用场景这里选择calico主要考虑它支持 `kubernetes network policy`
推荐阅读[calico kubernetes Integration Guide](https://docs.projectcalico.org/v2.6/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/integration)
calico-node需要在所有master节点和node节点安装
``` bash
roles/calico/
├── files
│   ├── ca.pem
│   ├── etcd-key.pem
│   └── etcd.pem
├── tasks
│   └── main.yml
└── templates
├── calicoctl.cfg.j2
├── calico-node.service.j2
└── cni-calico.conf.j2
```
请在另外窗口打开[roles/calico/tasks/main.yml](../roles/calico/tasks/main.yml) 文件,对照看以下讲解内容。
### 准备与etcd集群交互的证书
这里为了方便直接复制使用了etcd1节点的证书
### 创建 calico-node 的服务文件 [calico-node.service.j2](../roles/calico/templates/calico-node.service.j2)
``` bash
[Unit]
Description=calico node
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service
[Service]
User=root
PermissionsStartOnly=true
ExecStart={{ bin_dir }}/docker run --net=host --privileged --name=calico-node \
-e ETCD_ENDPOINTS={{ ETCD_ENDPOINTS }} \
-e ETCD_CA_CERT_FILE=/etc/calico/ssl/ca.pem \
-e ETCD_CERT_FILE=/etc/calico/ssl//etcd.pem \
-e ETCD_KEY_FILE=/etc/calico/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
-e CALICO_LIBNETWORK_ENABLED=true \
-e CALICO_NETWORKING_BACKEND=bird \
-e CALICO_DISABLE_FILE_LOGGING=true \
-e CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR={{ CLUSTER_CIDR }} \
-e CALICO_IPV4POOL_IPIP=off \
-e FELIX_DEFAULTENDPOINTTOHOSTACTION=ACCEPT \
-e FELIX_IPV6SUPPORT=false \
-e FELIX_LOGSEVERITYSCREEN=info \
-e FELIX_IPINIPMTU=1440 \
-e FELIX_HEALTHENABLED=true \
-e IP= \
-v /etc/calico/ssl:/etc/calico/ssl \
-v /var/run/calico:/var/run/calico \
-v /lib/modules:/lib/modules \
-v /run/docker/plugins:/run/docker/plugins \
-v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
-v /var/log/calico:/var/log/calico \
calico/node:v2.6.2
ExecStop={{ bin_dir }}/docker rm -f calico-node
Restart=always
RestartSec=10
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
```
+ 详细配置参数请参考[calico官方文档](https://docs.projectcalico.org/v2.6/reference/node/configuration)
+ 配置ETCD_ENDPOINTS 、CA、证书等所有{{ }}变量与ansible hosts文件中设置对应
+ 配置集群POD网络 CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR={{ CLUSTER_CIDR }}
+ 本K8S集群运行在自有kvm虚机上虚机间没有网络ACL限制因此可以设置CALICO_IPV4POOL_IPIP=off如果运行在公有云虚机上可能需要打开这个选项
+ 配置FELIX_DEFAULTENDPOINTTOHOSTACTION=ACCEPT 默认允许Pod到Node的网络流量更多[felix配置选项](https://docs.projectcalico.org/v2.6/reference/felix/configuration)
+ calico-node是以docker容器运行在host上的因此需要把之前的证书目录 /etc/calico/ssl挂载到容器中
### 启动calico-node
### 准备cni-calico配置文件 [cni-calico.conf.j2](../roles/calico/templates/cni-calico.conf.j2)
``` bash
{
"name": "calico-k8s-network",
"cniVersion": "0.1.0",
"type": "calico",
"etcd_endpoints": "{{ ETCD_ENDPOINTS }}",
"etcd_key_file": "/etc/calico/ssl/etcd-key.pem",
"etcd_cert_file": "/etc/calico/ssl//etcd.pem",
"etcd_ca_cert_file": "/etc/calico/ssl/ca.pem",
"log_level": "info",
"mtu": 1500,
"ipam": {
"type": "calico-ipam"
},
"policy": {
"type": "k8s"
},
"kubernetes": {
"kubeconfig": "/root/.kube/config"
}
}
```
+ 主要配置etcd相关、ipam、policy等配置选项[参考](https://docs.projectcalico.org/v2.6/reference/cni-plugin/configuration)
### [可选]配置calicoctl工具 [calicoctl.cfg.j2](roles/calico/templates/calicoctl.cfg.j2)
``` bash
apiVersion: v1
kind: calicoApiConfig
metadata:
spec:
datastoreType: "etcdv2"
etcdEndpoints: {{ ETCD_ENDPOINTS }}
etcdKeyFile: /etc/calico/ssl/etcd-key.pem
etcdCertFile: /etc/calico/ssl/etcd.pem
etcdCACertFile: /etc/calico/ssl/ca.pem
```
### 验证calico网络
执行calico安装 `ansible-playbook 05.calico.yml` 成功后
``` bash
# 查看所有calico节点状态
calicoctl node status
Calico process is running.
IPv4 BGP status
+--------------+-------------------+-------+------------+-------------+
| PEER ADDRESS | PEER TYPE | STATE | SINCE | INFO |
+--------------+-------------------+-------+------------+-------------+
| 192.168.1.2 | node-to-node mesh | up | 2017-11-30 | Established |
| 192.168.1.3 | node-to-node mesh | up | 2017-11-30 | Established |
| 192.168.1.4 | node-to-node mesh | up | 2017-11-30 | Established |
+--------------+-------------------+-------+------------+-------------+
IPv6 BGP status
No IPv6 peers found.
# 查看集群ipPool情况
calicoctl get ipPool -o yaml
- apiVersion: v1
kind: ipPool
metadata:
cidr: 172.20.0.0/16
spec:
nat-outgoing: true
```