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[WIP]使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
2017-09-25 21:41:08 +08:00
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<title>4.3.8 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群 · Kubernetes Handbook</title>
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1. 前言
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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3.2.2 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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3.3 集群安全性管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.3.6 IP伪装代理
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.1" data-path="../guide/access-cluster.html">
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3.4.1 访问集群
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.2" data-path="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.3" data-path="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.4.4" data-path="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5" data-path="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
<a href="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.1" data-path="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3.5.2" data-path="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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4. 最佳实践
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1" data-path="install-kbernetes1.6-on-centos.html">
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.1" data-path="create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
<a href="create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.2" data-path="create-kubeconfig.html">
<a href="create-kubeconfig.html">
4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.3" data-path="etcd-cluster-installation.html">
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.4" data-path="kubectl-installation.html">
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.5" data-path="master-installation.html">
<a href="master-installation.html">
4.1.5 部署master节点
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.6" data-path="node-installation.html">
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.7" data-path="kubedns-addon-installation.html">
<a href="kubedns-addon-installation.html">
4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.8" data-path="dashboard-addon-installation.html">
<a href="dashboard-addon-installation.html">
4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.9" data-path="heapster-addon-installation.html">
<a href="heapster-addon-installation.html">
4.1.9 安装heapster插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1.10" data-path="efk-addon-installation.html">
<a href="efk-addon-installation.html">
4.1.10 安装EFK插件
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2" data-path="service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
<a href="service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.1" data-path="traefik-ingress-installation.html">
<a href="traefik-ingress-installation.html">
4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.2" data-path="distributed-load-test.html">
<a href="distributed-load-test.html">
4.2.2 分布式负载测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.3" data-path="network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
<a href="network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2.4" data-path="edge-node-configuration.html">
<a href="edge-node-configuration.html">
4.2.4 边缘节点配置
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3" data-path="operation.html">
<a href="operation.html">
4.3 运维管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.1" data-path="service-rolling-update.html">
<a href="service-rolling-update.html">
4.3.1 服务滚动升级
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.2" data-path="app-log-collection.html">
<a href="app-log-collection.html">
4.3.2 应用日志收集
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.3" data-path="configuration-best-practice.html">
<a href="configuration-best-practice.html">
4.3.3 配置最佳实践
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.4" data-path="monitor.html">
<a href="monitor.html">
4.3.4 集群及应用监控
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.5" data-path="jenkins-ci-cd.html">
<a href="jenkins-ci-cd.html">
4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.6" data-path="data-persistence-problem.html">
<a href="data-persistence-problem.html">
4.3.6 数据持久化问题
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3.7" data-path="manage-compute-resources-container.html">
<a href="manage-compute-resources-container.html">
4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter active" data-level="1.4.3.8" data-path="using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
<a href="using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
4.3.8 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4" data-path="storage.html">
<a href="storage.html">
4.4 存储管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1" data-path="glusterfs.html">
<a href="glusterfs.html">
4.4.1 GlusterFS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1.1" data-path="using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.1.2" data-path="storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
<a href="storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.2" data-path="cephfs.html">
<a href="cephfs.html">
4.4.2 CephFS
</a>
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<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4.2.1" data-path="using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="../usecases/">
<a href="../usecases/">
5. 领域应用
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1" data-path="../usecases/microservices.html">
<a href="../usecases/microservices.html">
5.1 微服务架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1.1" data-path="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
5.1.1 微服务中的服务发现
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
5.2 Service Mesh 服务网格
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1" data-path="../usecases/istio.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio.html">
5.1.1 Istio
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1.1" data-path="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
5.1.1.1 安装istio
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.1.2" data-path="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
<a href="../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html">
5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.2" data-path="../usecases/linkerd.html">
<a href="../usecases/linkerd.html">
5.1.2 Linkerd
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2.2.1" data-path="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
<a href="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3" data-path="../usecases/big-data.html">
<a href="../usecases/big-data.html">
5.2 大数据
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.1" data-path="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.3.2" data-path="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
<a href="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.4" data-path="../usecases/serverless.html">
<a href="../usecases/serverless.html">
5.3 Serverless架构
</a>
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</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="../develop/">
<a href="../develop/">
6. 开发指南
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<a href=".." >4.3.8 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群</a>
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<h1 id="&#x4F7F;&#x7528;prometheus&#x76D1;&#x63A7;kubernetes&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;">&#x4F7F;&#x7528;Prometheus&#x76D1;&#x63A7;kubernetes&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;</h1>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; Giantswarm &#x5F00;&#x6E90;&#x7684; <a href="https://github.com/giantswarm/kubernetes-prometheus" target="_blank">kubernetes-promethues</a> &#x6765;&#x76D1;&#x63A7; kubernetes &#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684; YAML &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728; <a href="../manifests/prometheus">manifests/prometheus</a> &#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E0B;&#x627E;&#x5230;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7528;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x6709;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/prometheus-alertmanager:v0.7.1</li>
<li>sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/grafana:4.2.0</li>
<li>sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/giantswarm-tiny-tools:latest</li>
<li>sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/prom-prometheus:v1.7.0</li>
<li>sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/kube-state-metrics:v1.0.1</li>
<li>sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/dockermuenster-caddy:0.9.3</li>
<li>sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/prom-node-exporter:v0.14.0</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x5907;&#x4EFD;&#x5230;&#x65F6;&#x901F;&#x4E91;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>index.tenxcloud.com/jimmy/prometheus-alertmanager:v0.7.1</li>
<li>index.tenxcloud.com/jimmy/grafana:4.2.0</li>
<li>index.tenxcloud.com/jimmy/giantswarm-tiny-tools:latest</li>
<li>index.tenxcloud.com/jimmy/prom-prometheus:v1.7.0</li>
<li>index.tenxcloud.com/jimmy/kube-state-metrics:v1.0.1</li>
<li>index.tenxcloud.com/jimmy/dockermuenster-caddy:0.9.3</li>
<li>index.tenxcloud.com/jimmy/prom-node-exporter:v0.14.0</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>&#x6CE8;</strong>&#xFF1A;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x4ECE;&#x5B98;&#x65B9;&#x955C;&#x50CF;&#x4ED3;&#x5E93;&#x4E0B;&#x8F7D;&#x4E0B;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="&#x90E8;&#x7F72;">&#x90E8;&#x7F72;</h2>
<pre><code class="lang-yaml"><span class="hljs-comment">## &#x521B;&#x5EFA; monitoring namespaece</span>
kubectl create -f prometheus-monitoring-ns.yaml
<span class="hljs-comment">## &#x521B;&#x5EFA; RBAC</span>
kubectl create -f prometheus-monitoring-rbac.yaml
<span class="hljs-comment">## &#x90E8;&#x7F72; Premetheus</span>
kubectl create -f prometheus-monitoring.yaml
</code></pre>
<p>&#x521B;&#x5EFA; RBAC &#x7684;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x8003;&#x8651;&#x66FF;&#x6362;&#x6210;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">kubectl create clusterrolebinding prometheus-monitoring --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=monitoring:default
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4FEE;&#x6539; YAML &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x7684; serviceaccount &#x548C; clusterrolebinding &#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x8FD8;&#x672A;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x95EE;&#x9898;">&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x95EE;&#x9898;</h2>
<p>&#x8BE5;&#x9879;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x4E2D;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x51E0;&#x4E2A;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="1-rbac-&#x89D2;&#x8272;&#x6388;&#x6743;&#x95EE;&#x9898;">1. RBAC &#x89D2;&#x8272;&#x6388;&#x6743;&#x95EE;&#x9898;</h3>
<p>&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7528;&#x5230;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A; clusterrolebinding&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li><code>kube-state-metrics</code>&#xFF0C;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;<code>serviceaccount</code>&#x662F;<code>kube-state-metrics</code></li>
<li><code>prometheus</code>&#xFF0C;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684; <code>serviceaccount</code>&#x662F; <code>prometheus-k8s</code></li>
</ul>
<p>&#x5728;&#x90E8;&#x7F72; Prometheus &#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x5148;&#x521B;&#x5EFA; serviceaccount&#x3001;clusterrole&#x3001;clusterrolebinding &#x7B49;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#xFF0C;&#x5426;&#x5219;&#x5728;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x6743;&#x9650;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x800C;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x5404;&#x79CD;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x5199;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5355;&#x72EC;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x8DDF;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x5199;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x8D77;&#xFF0C;&#x5373;&#x4F7F;&#x8981;&#x5199;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x5199;&#x5728;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x6700;&#x524D;&#x9762;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>kubectl</code> &#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF0C;kubectl &#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x5224;&#x65AD; YAML &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x5173;&#x7CFB;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x4ECE;&#x5934;&#x90E8;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x5199;&#x5728;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x524D;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x4F1A;&#x5148;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7ED5;&#x8FC7;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7684; RBAC &#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#xFF0C;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x4E3A; serviceaccount &#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x6210; admin &#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">kubectl create clusterrolebinding prometheus-monitoring --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=monitoring:default
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x539F;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x4E2D;&#x7684; serviceaccount&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x53BB;&#x6389;&#x539F;&#x6765;&#x7684; clusterrolebinding&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x53C2;&#x8003; <a href="../guide/rbac.html">RBAC&#x2014;&#x2014;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x89D2;&#x8272;&#x7684;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x63A7;&#x5236;</a></p>
<h3 id="2-api-&#x517C;&#x5BB9;&#x95EE;&#x9898;">2. API &#x517C;&#x5BB9;&#x95EE;&#x9898;</h3>
<p>&#x4ECE; <code>kube-state-metrics</code> &#x65E5;&#x5FD7;&#x4E2D;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x51FA;&#x7528;&#x6237; kube-state-metrics &#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x6743;&#x9650;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>*v1.Job</li>
<li>*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim</li>
<li>*v1beta1.StatefulSet</li>
<li>*v2alpha1.CronJob</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x800C;&#x5728;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684; kubernetes 1.6.0 &#x7248;&#x672C;&#x7684;&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x4E2D; API &#x8DEF;&#x5F84;&#x8DDF; <code>kube-state-metrics</code> &#x4E2D;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#xFF0C;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5; list &#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;&#x4E09;&#x79CD;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684;&#x8D44;&#x6E90;&#x3002;&#x8BE6;&#x60C5;&#x89C1;&#xFF1A;<a href="https://github.com/giantswarm/kubernetes-prometheus/issues/77" target="_blank">https://github.com/giantswarm/kubernetes-prometheus/issues/77</a></p>
<h3 id="3-job-&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x6743;&#x9650;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x95EE;&#x9898;">3. Job &#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x6743;&#x9650;&#x8BA4;&#x8BC1;&#x95EE;&#x9898;</h3>
<p>&#x5728; <code>grafana-import-dashboards</code> &#x8FD9;&#x4E2A; job &#x4E2D;&#x6709;&#x4E2A; <code>init-containers</code> &#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x7684; command &#x6267;&#x884C;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#xFF0C;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">curl <span class="hljs-_">-s</span>X GET -H <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Authorization:bearer `cat /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token`&quot;</span> -k https://kubernetes.default/api/v1/namespaces/monitoring/endpoints/grafana
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6307;&#x5B9A; csr &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x9700;&#x8981; token &#x5373;&#x53EF;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x53C2;&#x8003; <a href="https://github.com/giantswarm/kubernetes-prometheus/issues/56" target="_blank">wait-for-endpoints init-containers fails to load with k8s 1.6.0 #56</a></p>
<h2 id="&#x53C2;&#x8003;">&#x53C2;&#x8003;</h2>
<p><a href="https://github.com/giantswarm/kubernetes-prometheus" target="_blank">Kubernetes Setup for Prometheus and Grafana</a></p>
<p><a href="../guide/rbac.html">RBAC&#x2014;&#x2014;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x89D2;&#x8272;&#x7684;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x63A7;&#x5236;</a></p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/giantswarm/kubernetes-prometheus/issues/56" target="_blank">wait-for-endpoints init-containers fails to load with k8s 1.6.0 #56</a></p>
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