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序言
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1. Kubernetes与云原生应用概览
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源对象配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.1.3 Secret配置
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3.2.3 管理namespace中的资源配额
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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3.2.2 kubectl命令概览
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3.2.3 kubectl命令技巧大全
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3.3 集群安全性管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 创建用户认证授权的kubeconfig文件
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.3.6 IP伪装代理
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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3.5.3 使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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< a href = "create-tls-and-secret-key.html" >
4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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< a href = "etcd-cluster-installation.html" >
4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.1.4" data-path = "kubectl-installation.html" >
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< a href = "kubectl-installation.html" >
4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.1.5" data-path = "master-installation.html" >
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< a href = "master-installation.html" >
4.1.5 部署master节点
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< a href = "node-installation.html" >
4.1.6 部署node节点
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< a href = "kubedns-addon-installation.html" >
4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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< a href = "dashboard-addon-installation.html" >
4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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< a href = "heapster-addon-installation.html" >
4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.1.10" data-path = "efk-addon-installation.html" >
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< a href = "efk-addon-installation.html" >
4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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< a href = "service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html" >
4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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< a href = "traefik-ingress-installation.html" >
4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.2.2" data-path = "distributed-load-test.html" >
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.2.3" data-path = "network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html" >
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< a href = "network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html" >
4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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< a href = "edge-node-configuration.html" >
4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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< a href = "nginx-ingress-installation.html" >
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4.2.5 安装Nginx ingress
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.3.2" data-path = "app-log-collection.html" >
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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< a href = "data-persistence-problem.html" >
4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.3.6" data-path = "manage-compute-resources-container.html" >
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< a href = "manage-compute-resources-container.html" >
4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.3.7" data-path = "using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
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< a href = "using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
4.3.8 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
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< a href = "using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html" >
4.3.9 使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
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4.4 存储管理
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< a href = "glusterfs.html" >
4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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< a href = "storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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< a href = "cephfs.html" >
4.4.2 CephFS
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< a href = "using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html" >
4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
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< a href = "services-management-tool.html" >
4.5 服务编排管理
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< a href = "helm.html" >
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4.5.1 使用Helm管理kubernetes应用
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< a href = "create-private-charts-repo.html" >
4.5.2 构建私有Chart仓库
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< a href = "ci-cd.html" >
4.6 持续集成与发布
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< a href = "jenkins-ci-cd.html" >
4.6.1 使用Jenkins进行持续集成与发布
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.6.2" data-path = "drone-ci-cd.html" >
< a href = "drone-ci-cd.html" >
4.6.2 使用Drone进行持续集成与发布
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< a href = "update-and-upgrade.html" >
4.7 更新与升级
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< a href = "manually-upgrade.html" >
4.7.1 手动升级kubernetes集群
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.7.2" data-path = "dashboard-upgrade.html" >
< a href = "dashboard-upgrade.html" >
4.7.2 升级dashboard
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< a href = "../usecases/" >
5. 领域应用
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< a href = "../usecases/microservices.html" >
5.1 微服务架构
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< a href = "../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html" >
5.1.1 微服务中的服务发现
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< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh.html" >
5.2 Service Mesh 服务网格
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< a href = "../usecases/istio.html" >
5.1.1 Istio
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< a href = "../usecases/istio-installation.html" >
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5.1.1.1 安装并试用Istio service mesh
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< a href = "../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html" >
5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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< a href = "../usecases/install-and-expand-istio-mesh.html" >
5.1.1.3 安装和拓展Istio service mesh
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< a href = "../usecases/integrating-vms.html" >
5.1.1.4 集成虚拟机
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< a href = "../usecases/linkerd.html" >
5.1.2 Linkerd
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.2.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html" >
5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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< a href = "../usecases/big-data.html" >
5.2 大数据
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< a href = "../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
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5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.3.2" data-path = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
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5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
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< a href = "../usecases/serverless.html" >
5.3 Serverless架构
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< a href = "../usecases/edge-computing.html" >
5.4 边缘计算
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< a href = "../develop/" >
6. 开发指南
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< a href = "../develop/developing-environment.html" >
6.1 开发环境搭建
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< a href = "../develop/testing.html" >
6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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< a href = "../develop/client-go-sample.html" >
6.3 client-go示例
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< a href = "../develop/contribute.html" >
6.4 社区贡献
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< a href = "../develop/minikube.html" >
6.5 Minikube
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7. 附录
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7.1 Docker最佳实践
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< a href = "../appendix/issues.html" >
7.2 问题记录
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7.3 使用技巧
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.8.4" data-path = "../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html" >
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7.4 kubernetes中的应用故障排查
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7.5 Kubernetes相关资讯和情报链接
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< a href = ".." > 4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件< / a >
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< h1 id = "创建-kubeconfig-文件" > 创 建 kubeconfig 文 件 < / h1 >
< p > 注 意 : 请 先 参 考 < a href = "kubectl-installation.html" > 安 装 kubectl命 令 行 工 具 < / a > , 先 在 master 节 点 上 安 装 kubectl 然 后 再 进 行 下 面 的 操 作 。 < / p >
< p > < code > kubelet< / code > 、 < code > kube-proxy< / code > 等 Node 机 器 上 的 进 程 与 Master 机 器 的 < code > kube-apiserver< / code > 进 程 通 信 时 需 要 认 证 和 授 权 ; < / p >
< p > kubernetes 1.4 开 始 支 持 由 < code > kube-apiserver< / code > 为 客 户 端 生 成 TLS 证 书 的 < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/admin/kubelet-tls-bootstrapping/" target = "_blank" > TLS Bootstrapping< / a > 功 能 , 这 样 就 不 需 要 为 每 个 客 户 端 生 成 证 书 了 ; 该 功 能 < strong > 当 前 仅 支 持 为 < code > kubelet< / code > < / strong > 生 成 证 书 ; < / p >
< p > 因 为 我 的 master节 点 和 node节 点 复 用 , 所 有 在 这 一 步 其 实 已 经 安 装 了 kubectl。 参 考 < a href = "kubectl-installation.html" > 安 装 kubectl命 令 行 工 具 < / a > 。 < / p >
< p > 以 下 操 作 只 需 要 在 master节 点 上 执 行 , 生 成 的 < code > *.kubeconfig< / code > 文 件 可 以 直 接 拷 贝 到 node节 点 的 < code > /etc/kubernetes< / code > 目 录 下 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "创建-tls-bootstrapping-token" > 创 建 TLS Bootstrapping Token< / h2 >
< p > < strong > Token auth file< / strong > < / p >
< p > Token可 以 是 任 意 的 包 涵 128 bit的 字 符 串 , 可 以 使 用 安 全 的 随 机 数 发 生 器 生 成 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > < span class = "hljs-built_in" > export< / span > BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr < span class = "hljs-_" > -d< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > ' ' < / span > )
cat > token.csv < < EOF
< span class = "hljs-variable" > ${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN}< / span > ,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,< span class = "hljs-string" > " system:kubelet-bootstrap" < / span >
EOF
< / code > < / pre >
< blockquote >
< p > 后 三 行 是 一 句 , 直 接 复 制 上 面 的 脚 本 运 行 即 可 。 < / p >
< / blockquote >
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< p > < strong > 注 意 : 在 进 行 后 续 操 作 前 请 检 查 < code > token.csv< / code > 文 件 , 确 认 其 中 的 < code > ${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN}< / code > 环 境 变 量 已 经 被 真 实 的 值 替 换 。 < / strong > < / p >
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< p > < strong > BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN< / strong > 将 被 写 入 到 kube-apiserver 使 用 的 token.csv 文 件 和 kubelet 使 用 的 < code > bootstrap.kubeconfig< / code > 文 件 , 如 果 后 续 重 新 生 成 了 BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN, 则 需 要 : < / p >
< ol >
< li > 更 新 token.csv 文 件 , 分 发 到 所 有 机 器 (master 和 node) 的 /etc/kubernetes/ 目 录 下 , 分 发 到 node节 点 上 非 必 需 ; < / li >
< li > 重 新 生 成 bootstrap.kubeconfig 文 件 , 分 发 到 所 有 node 机 器 的 /etc/kubernetes/ 目 录 下 ; < / li >
< li > 重 启 kube-apiserver 和 kubelet 进 程 ; < / li >
< li > 重 新 approve kubelet 的 csr 请 求 ; < / li >
< / ol >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > cp token.csv /etc/kubernetes/
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< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "创建-kubelet-bootstrapping-kubeconfig-文件" > 创 建 kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig 文 件 < / h2 >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > < span class = "hljs-built_in" > cd< / span > /etc/kubernetes
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > export< / span > KUBE_APISERVER=< span class = "hljs-string" > " https://172.20.0.113:6443" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 设 置 集 群 参 数 < / span >
kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -cluster kubernetes \
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--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=< span class = "hljs-literal" > true< / span > \
--server=< span class = "hljs-variable" > ${KUBE_APISERVER}< / span > \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 设 置 客 户 端 认 证 参 数 < / span >
kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
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--token=< span class = "hljs-variable" > ${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN}< / span > \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 设 置 上 下 文 参 数 < / span >
kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -context default \
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--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 设 置 默 认 上 下 文 < / span >
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
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< / code > < / pre >
< ul >
< li > < code > --embed-certs< / code > 为 < code > true< / code > 时 表 示 将 < code > certificate-authority< / code > 证 书 写 入 到 生 成 的 < code > bootstrap.kubeconfig< / code > 文 件 中 ; < / li >
< li > 设 置 客 户 端 认 证 参 数 时 < strong > 没 有 < / strong > 指 定 秘 钥 和 证 书 , 后 续 由 < code > kube-apiserver< / code > 自 动 生 成 ; < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "创建-kube-proxy-kubeconfig-文件" > 创 建 kube-proxy kubeconfig 文 件 < / h2 >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > < span class = "hljs-built_in" > export< / span > KUBE_APISERVER=< span class = "hljs-string" > " https://172.20.0.113:6443" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 设 置 集 群 参 数 < / span >
kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -cluster kubernetes \
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--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=< span class = "hljs-literal" > true< / span > \
--server=< span class = "hljs-variable" > ${KUBE_APISERVER}< / span > \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 设 置 客 户 端 认 证 参 数 < / span >
kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -credentials kube-proxy \
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--client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=< span class = "hljs-literal" > true< / span > \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 设 置 上 下 文 参 数 < / span >
kubectl config < span class = "hljs-built_in" > set< / span > -context default \
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--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 设 置 默 认 上 下 文 < / span >
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
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< / code > < / pre >
< ul >
< li > 设 置 集 群 参 数 和 客 户 端 认 证 参 数 时 < code > --embed-certs< / code > 都 为 < code > true< / code > , 这 会 将 < code > certificate-authority< / code > 、 < code > client-certificate< / code > 和 < code > client-key< / code > 指 向 的 证 书 文 件 内 容 写 入 到 生 成 的 < code > kube-proxy.kubeconfig< / code > 文 件 中 ; < / li >
< li > < code > kube-proxy.pem< / code > 证 书 中 CN 为 < code > system:kube-proxy< / code > , < code > kube-apiserver< / code > 预 定 义 的 RoleBinding < code > cluster-admin< / code > 将 User < code > system:kube-proxy< / code > 与 Role < code > system:node-proxier< / code > 绑 定 , 该 Role 授 予 了 调 用 < code > kube-apiserver< / code > Proxy 相 关 API 的 权 限 ; < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "分发-kubeconfig-文件" > 分 发 kubeconfig 文 件 < / h2 >
< p > 将 两 个 kubeconfig 文 件 分 发 到 所 有 Node 机 器 的 < code > /etc/kubernetes/< / code > 目 录 < / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > cp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
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< / code > < / pre >
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< h2 id = "参考" > 参 考 < / h2 >
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< p > 关 于 kubeconfig 文 件 的 更 多 信 息 请 参 考 < a href = "../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html" > 使 用 kubeconfig 文 件 配 置 跨 集 群 认 证 < / a > 。 < / p >
< footer class = "page-footer" > < span class = "copyright" > Copyright © jimmysong.io 2017 all right reserved, powered by Gitbook< / span > < span class = "footer-modification" > Updated:
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