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2017-10-27 19:09:01 +08:00
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序言
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1. Kubernetes与云原生应用概览
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源对象配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.1.3 Secret配置
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3.2.3 管理namespace中的资源配额
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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3.2.2 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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3.3 集群安全性管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.3.6 IP伪装代理
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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3.5.3 使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
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4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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4.1.5 部署master节点
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4.1.6 部署node节点
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4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
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4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
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4.1.9 安装heapster插件
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4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
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4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
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4.2.2 分布式负载测试
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4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
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4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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4.2.5 安装Nginx ingress
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4.3 运维管理
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4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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4.3.2 应用日志收集
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4.3.3 配置最佳实践
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4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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4.3.6 数据持久化问题
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4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
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4.3.8 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
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4.3.9 使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
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4.3.10 手动集群升级
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4.4 存储管理
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4.4.1 GlusterFS
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4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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< a href = ".." > 4.2.5 安装Nginx ingress< / a >
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< h1 id = "安装nginx-ingress" > 安 装 Nginx ingress< / h1 >
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< p > < a href = "https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx" target = "_blank" > Nginx ingress< / a > 使 用 ConfigMap来 管 理 Nginx配 置 ， nginx是 大 家 熟 知 的 代 理 和 负 载 均 衡 软 件 ， 比 起 < a href = "https://traefik.io" target = "_blank" > Traefik< / a > 来 说 功 能 更 加 强 大 .< / p >
< p > 我 们 使 用 < a href = "http://helm.sh" target = "_blank" > helm< / a > 来 部 署 ， < a href = "https://github.com/kubernetes/charts" target = "_blank" > chart< / a > 保 存 在 私 有 的 仓 库 中 ， 请 确 保 您 已 经 安 装 和 配 置 好 helm， helm安 装 使 用 见 < a href = "helm.html" > 使 用 Helm管 理 kubernetes应 用 < / a > 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "镜像准备" > 镜 像 准 备 < / h2 >
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< p > 安 装 时 需 要 用 到 的 镜 像 有 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > sophos/nginx-vts-exporter:v0.6< / li >
< li > gcr.io/google_containers/nginx-ingress-controller:0.9.0-beta.15< / li >
< li > gcr.io/google_containers/defaultbackend:1.3< / li >
< / ul >
< p > gcr.io中 的 那 个 两 个 镜 像 我 复 制 了 一 份 到 时 速 云 ， 可 供 大 家 下 载 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > index.tenxcloud.com/jimmy/defaultbackend:1.3< / li >
< li > index.tenxcloud.com/jimmy/nginx-ingress-controller:0.9.0-beta.15< / li >
< / ul >
< p > Docker hub上 的 那 个 镜 像 可 以 直 接 下 载 ， 所 有 的 安 装 时 需 要 的 配 置 保 存 在 < a href = "https://github.com/rootsongjc/kubernetes-handbook/blob/master/manifests/nginx-ingress" target = "_blank" > ../manifests/nginx-ingress< / a > 目 录 下 。 < / p >
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< h2 id = "步骤详解" > 步 骤 详 解 < / h2 >
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< p > < strong > 安 装 nginx-ingress chart到 本 地 repo中 < / strong > < / p >
< p > 修 改 < code > values.yaml< / code > 配 置 ， 启 用 RBAC支 持 ， 相 关 配 置 见 < a href = "https://github.com/kubernetes/charts/tree/master/stable/nginx-ingress#configuration" target = "_blank" > nginx-ingress chart< / a > 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > helm package .
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < strong > 查 看 niginx-ingress< / strong > < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ helm search nginx-ingress
NAME VERSION DESCRIPTION
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > local< / span > /nginx-ingress 0.8.9 An nginx Ingress controller that uses ConfigMap...
stable/nginx-ingress 0.8.9 An nginx Ingress controller that uses ConfigMap...
stable/nginx-lego 0.3.0 Chart < span class = "hljs-keyword" > for< / span > nginx-ingress-controller and kube-lego
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < strong > 使 用 helm部 署 nginx-ingress< / strong > < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ helm install --name nginx-ingress < span class = "hljs-built_in" > local< / span > /nginx-ingress
NAME: nginx-ingress
LAST DEPLOYED: Fri Oct 27 18:26:58 2017
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: DEPLOYED
RESOURCES:
==> rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1/Role
NAME KIND
nginx-ingress-nginx-ingress Role.v1beta1.rbac.authorization.k8s.io
==> rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1/RoleBinding
nginx-ingress-nginx-ingress RoleBinding.v1beta1.rbac.authorization.k8s.io
==> v1/Service
NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
nginx-ingress-nginx-ingress-controller 10.254.100.108 < nodes> 80:30484/TCP,443:31053/TCP 1s
nginx-ingress-nginx-ingress-default-backend 10.254.58.156 < none> 80/TCP 1s
==> extensions/v1beta1/Deployment
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
nginx-ingress-nginx-ingress-default-backend 1 1 1 0 1s
nginx-ingress-nginx-ingress-controller 1 1 1 0 1s
==> v1/ConfigMap
NAME DATA AGE
nginx-ingress-nginx-ingress-controller 1 1s
==> v1/ServiceAccount
NAME SECRETS AGE
nginx-ingress-nginx-ingress 1 1s
==> rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1/ClusterRole
NAME KIND
nginx-ingress-nginx-ingress ClusterRole.v1beta1.rbac.authorization.k8s.io
==> rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1/ClusterRoleBinding
nginx-ingress-nginx-ingress ClusterRoleBinding.v1beta1.rbac.authorization.k8s.io
NOTES:
The nginx-ingress controller has been installed.
Get the application URL by running these commands:
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > export< / span > HTTP_NODE_PORT=$(kubectl --namespace default get services -o jsonpath=< span class = "hljs-string" > " {.spec.ports[0].nodePort}" < / span > nginx-ingress-nginx-ingress-controller)
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > export< / span > HTTPS_NODE_PORT=$(kubectl --namespace default get services -o jsonpath=< span class = "hljs-string" > " {.spec.ports[1].nodePort}" < / span > nginx-ingress-nginx-ingress-controller)
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > export< / span > NODE_IP=$(kubectl --namespace default get nodes -o jsonpath=< span class = "hljs-string" > " {.items[0].status.addresses[1].address}" < / span > )
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > echo< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " Visit http://< span class = "hljs-variable" > $NODE_IP< / span > :< span class = "hljs-variable" > $HTTP_NODE_PORT< / span > to access your application via HTTP." < / span >
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > echo< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " Visit https://< span class = "hljs-variable" > $NODE_IP< / span > :< span class = "hljs-variable" > $HTTPS_NODE_PORT< / span > to access your application via HTTPS." < / span >
An example Ingress that makes use of the controller:
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
name: example
namespace: foo
spec:
rules:
- host: www.example.com
http:
paths:
- backend:
serviceName: exampleService
servicePort: 80
path: /
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # This section is only required if TLS is to be enabled for the Ingress< / span >
tls:
- hosts:
- www.example.com
secretName: example-tls
If TLS is enabled < span class = "hljs-keyword" > for< / span > the Ingress, a Secret containing the certificate and key must also be provided:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: example-tls
namespace: foo
data:
tls.crt: < base64 encoded cert>
tls.key: < base64 encoded key>
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > type< / span > : kubernetes.io/tls
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < strong > 访 问 Nginx< / strong > < / p >
< p > 首 先 获 取 Nginx的 地 址 ， 从 我 们 使 用 helm安 装 nginx-ingress命 令 的 输 出 中 那 个 可 以 看 到 提 示 ， 根 据 提 示 执 行 可 以 看 到 nginx的 http和 https地 址 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > < span class = "hljs-built_in" > export< / span > HTTP_NODE_PORT=$(kubectl --namespace default get services -o jsonpath=< span class = "hljs-string" > " {.spec.ports[0].nodePort}" < / span > nginx-ingress-nginx-ingress-controller)
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > export< / span > HTTPS_NODE_PORT=$(kubectl --namespace default get services -o jsonpath=< span class = "hljs-string" > " {.spec.ports[1].nodePort}" < / span > nginx-ingress-nginx-ingress-controller)
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > export< / span > NODE_IP=$(kubectl --namespace default get nodes -o jsonpath=< span class = "hljs-string" > " {.items[0].status.addresses[1].address}" < / span > )
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > echo< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " Visit http://< span class = "hljs-variable" > $NODE_IP< / span > :< span class = "hljs-variable" > $HTTP_NODE_PORT< / span > to access your application via HTTP." < / span >
< span class = "hljs-built_in" > echo< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " Visit https://< span class = "hljs-variable" > $NODE_IP< / span > :< span class = "hljs-variable" > $HTTPS_NODE_PORT< / span > to access your application via HTTPS." < / span >
Visit http://172.20.0.113:30484 to access your application via HTTP.
Visit https://172.20.0.113:31053 to access your application via HTTPS.
< / code > < / pre >
< ul >
< li > http地 址 ： < a href = "http://172.20.0.113:30484" target = "_blank" > http://172.20.0.113:30484< / a > < / li >
< li > https地 址 ： < a href = "https://172.20.0.113:31053" target = "_blank" > https://172.20.0.113:31053< / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 我 们 分 别 在 http和 https地 址 上 测 试 一 下 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > < code > /healthz< / code > 返 回 200< / li >
< li > < code > /< / code > 返 回 404错 误 < / li >
< / ul >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > curl -v http://172.20.0.113:30484/healthz
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 返 回 200< / span >
curl -v http://172.20.0.113:30484/
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 返 回 404< / span >
curl -v --insecure http://172.20.0.113:30484/healthz
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 返 回 200< / span >
curl -v --insecure http://172.20.0.113:30484/
< span class = "hljs-comment" > # 返 回 404< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < strong > 删 除 nginx-ingress< / strong > < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > helm delete --purge nginx-ingress
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 使 用 < code > --purge< / code > 参 数 可 以 彻 底 删 除 release不 留 下 记 录 ， 否 则 下 一 次 部 署 的 时 候 不 能 使 用 重 名 的 release。 < / p >
< h2 id = "参考" > 参 考 < / h2 >
< p > < a href = "https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx" target = "_blank" > Ingress-nginx github< / a > < / p >
< p > < a href = "https://github.com/kubernetes/charts/tree/master/stable/nginx-ingress" target = "_blank" > Nginx chart configuration< / a > < / p >
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< p > < a href = "helm.html" > 使 用 Helm管 理 kubernetes应 用 < / a > < / p >
2017-10-27 19:09:01 +08:00
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