248 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
248 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
# 安装traefik ingress
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## Ingress简介
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如果你还不了解,ingress是什么,可以先看下我翻译的Kubernetes官网上ingress的介绍[Kubernetes Ingress解析](https://jimmysong.io/posts/kubernetes-ingress-resource/)。
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**理解Ingress**
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简单的说,ingress就是从kubernetes集群外访问集群的入口,将用户的URL请求转发到不同的service上。Ingress相当于nginx、apache等负载均衡方向代理服务器,其中还包括规则定义,即URL的路由信息,路由信息得的刷新由[Ingress controller](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/#ingress-controllers)来提供。
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**理解Ingress Controller**
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Ingress Controller 实质上可以理解为是个监视器,Ingress Controller 通过不断地跟 kubernetes API 打交道,实时的感知后端 service、pod 等变化,比如新增和减少 pod,service 增加与减少等;当得到这些变化信息后,Ingress Controller 再结合下文的 Ingress 生成配置,然后更新反向代理负载均衡器,并刷新其配置,达到服务发现的作用。
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## 部署Traefik
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**介绍traefik**
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[Traefik](https://traefik.io/)是一款开源的反向代理与负载均衡工具。它最大的优点是能够与常见的微服务系统直接整合,可以实现自动化动态配置。目前支持Docker, Swarm, Mesos/Marathon, Mesos, Kubernetes, Consul, Etcd, Zookeeper, BoltDB, Rest API等等后端模型。
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以下配置文件可以在[kubernetes-handbook](https://github.com/rootsongjc/kubernetes-handbook)GitHub仓库中的[../manifests/traefik-ingress/](https://github.com/rootsongjc/kubernetes-handbook/blob/master/manifests/traefik-ingress/)目录下找到。
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**创建ingress-rbac.yaml**
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将用于service account验证。
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```yaml
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: ServiceAccount
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metadata:
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name: ingress
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namespace: kube-system
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---
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kind: ClusterRoleBinding
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apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
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metadata:
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name: ingress
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subjects:
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- kind: ServiceAccount
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name: ingress
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namespace: kube-system
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roleRef:
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kind: ClusterRole
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name: cluster-admin
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apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
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```
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**创建名为`traefik-ingress`的ingress**,文件名ingress.yaml
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```yaml
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apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
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kind: Ingress
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metadata:
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name: traefik-ingress
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namespace: default
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spec:
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rules:
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- host: traefik.nginx.io
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http:
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paths:
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- path: /
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backend:
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serviceName: my-nginx
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servicePort: 80
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- host: traefik.frontend.io
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http:
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paths:
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- path: /
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backend:
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serviceName: frontend
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servicePort: 80
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```
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这其中的`backend`中要配置default namespace中启动的service名字,如果你没有配置namespace名字,默认使用default namespace,如果你在其他namespace中创建服务想要暴露到kubernetes集群外部,可以创建新的ingress.yaml文件,同时在文件中指定该`namespace`,其他配置与上面的文件格式相同。。`path`就是URL地址后的路径,如traefik.frontend.io/path,service将会接受path这个路径,host最好使用service-name.filed1.filed2.domain-name这种类似主机名称的命名方式,方便区分服务。
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根据你自己环境中部署的service的名字和端口自行修改,有新service增加时,修改该文件后可以使用`kubectl replace -f ingress.yaml`来更新。
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我们现在集群中已经有两个service了,一个是nginx,另一个是官方的`guestbook`例子。
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**创建DaemonSet**
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我们使用DaemonSet类型来部署Traefik,并使用`nodeSelector`来限定Traefik所部署的主机。
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```yaml
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apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
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kind: DaemonSet
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metadata:
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name: traefik-ingress-lb
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namespace: kube-system
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labels:
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k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
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spec:
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template:
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metadata:
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labels:
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k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
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name: traefik-ingress-lb
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spec:
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terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
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hostNetwork: true
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restartPolicy: Always
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serviceAccountName: ingress
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containers:
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- image: traefik
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name: traefik-ingress-lb
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resources:
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limits:
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cpu: 200m
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memory: 30Mi
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requests:
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cpu: 100m
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memory: 20Mi
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ports:
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- name: http
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containerPort: 80
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hostPort: 80
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- name: admin
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containerPort: 8580
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hostPort: 8580
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args:
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- --web
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- --web.address=:8580
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- --kubernetes
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nodeSelector:
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edgenode: "true"
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```
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**注意**:我们使用了`nodeSelector`选择边缘节点来调度traefik-ingress-lb运行在它上面,所有你需要使用:
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```ini
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kubectl label nodes 172.20.0.113 edgenode=true
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kubectl label nodes 172.20.0.114 edgenode=true
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kubectl label nodes 172.20.0.115 edgenode=true
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```
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给三个node打标签,这样traefik的pod才会调度到这几台主机上,否则会一直处于`pending`状态。
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关于使用Traefik作为边缘节点请参考[边缘节点配置](../practice/edge-node-configuration.md)。
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**Traefik UI**
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使用下面的yaml配置来创建Traefik的Web UI。
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```yaml
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: Service
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metadata:
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name: traefik-web-ui
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namespace: kube-system
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spec:
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selector:
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k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
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ports:
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- name: web
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port: 80
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targetPort: 8580
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---
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apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
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kind: Ingress
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metadata:
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name: traefik-web-ui
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namespace: kube-system
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spec:
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rules:
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- host: traefik-ui.local
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http:
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paths:
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- path: /
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backend:
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serviceName: traefik-web-ui
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servicePort: web
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```
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配置完成后就可以启动treafik ingress了。
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```
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kubectl create -f .
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```
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我查看到traefik的pod在`172.20.0.115`这台节点上启动了。
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访问该地址`http://172.20.0.115:8580/`将可以看到dashboard。
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![kubernetes-dashboard](../images/traefik-dashboard.jpg)
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左侧黄色部分部分列出的是所有的rule,右侧绿色部分是所有的backend。
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## 测试
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在集群的任意一个节点上执行。假如现在我要访问nginx的"/"路径。
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```bash
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$ curl -H Host:traefik.nginx.io http://172.20.0.115/
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
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<style>
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body {
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width: 35em;
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margin: 0 auto;
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font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
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}
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
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<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
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working. Further configuration is required.</p>
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<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
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<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
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Commercial support is available at
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<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
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<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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如果你需要在kubernetes集群以外访问就需要设置DNS,或者修改本机的hosts文件。
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在其中加入:
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```
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172.20.0.115 traefik.nginx.io
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172.20.0.115 traefik.frontend.io
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```
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所有访问这些地址的流量都会发送给172.20.0.115这台主机,就是我们启动traefik的主机。
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Traefik会解析http请求header里的Host参数将流量转发给Ingress配置里的相应service。
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修改hosts后就就可以在kubernetes集群外访问以上两个service,如下图:
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![traefik-nginx](../images/traefik-nginx.jpg)
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![traefik-guestbook](../images/traefik-guestbook.jpg)
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## 参考
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- [Traefik简介](http://www.tuicool.com/articles/ZnuEfay)
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