10 KiB
安装dashboard插件
注意:本文档中安装的是kubernetes dashboard v1.6.0,安装新版的dashboard请参考升级dashboard。
官方文件目录:https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons/dashboard
我们使用的文件如下:
$ ls *.yaml
dashboard-controller.yaml dashboard-service.yaml dashboard-rbac.yaml
已经修改好的 yaml 文件见:../manifests/dashboard
文件中的kubernetes-dashboard-amd64镜像为本地镜像地址需要修改为对应的镜像地址和版本:
kubernetes 1.7.11 可以使用此镜像地址: registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/haitao/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.7.0 替换 dashboard-controller.yaml 文件中的镜像地址
由于 kube-apiserver
启用了 RBAC
授权,而官方源码目录的 dashboard-controller.yaml
没有定义授权的 ServiceAccount,所以后续访问 API server 的 API 时会被拒绝,web中提示:
Forbidden (403)
User "system:serviceaccount:kube-system:default" cannot list jobs.batch in the namespace "default". (get jobs.batch)
增加了一个dashboard-rbac.yaml
文件,定义一个名为 dashboard 的 ServiceAccount,然后将它和 Cluster Role view 绑定,如下:
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: dashboard
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: dashboard
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: dashboard
namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
然后使用kubectl apply -f dashboard-rbac.yaml
创建。
配置dashboard-service
$ diff dashboard-service.yaml.orig dashboard-service.yaml
10a11
> type: NodePort
- 指定端口类型为 NodePort,这样外界可以通过地址 nodeIP:nodePort 访问 dashboard;
配置dashboard-controller
$ diff dashboard-controller.yaml.orig dashboard-controller.yaml
23c23
< image: gcr.io/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.6.0
---
> image: harbor-001.jimmysong.io/library/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.6.0
执行所有定义文件
$ pwd
/root/kubernetes/cluster/addons/dashboard
$ ls *.yaml
dashboard-controller.yaml dashboard-service.yaml
$ kubectl create -f .
service "kubernetes-dashboard" created
deployment "kubernetes-dashboard" created
检查执行结果
查看分配的 NodePort
$ kubectl get services kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system
NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes-dashboard 10.254.224.130 <nodes> 80:30312/TCP 25s
- NodePort 30312映射到 dashboard pod 80端口;
检查 controller
$ kubectl get deployment kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
kubernetes-dashboard 1 1 1 1 3m
$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system | grep dashboard
kubernetes-dashboard-1339745653-pmn6z 1/1 Running 0 4m
访问dashboard
有以下三种方式:
- kubernetes-dashboard 服务暴露了 NodePort,可以使用
http://NodeIP:nodePort
地址访问 dashboard - 通过 API server 访问 dashboard(https 6443端口和http 8080端口方式)
- 通过 kubectl proxy 访问 dashboard
通过 kubectl proxy 访问 dashboard
启动代理
$ kubectl proxy --address='172.20.0.113' --port=8086 --accept-hosts='^*$'
Starting to serve on 172.20.0.113:8086
- 需要指定
--accept-hosts
选项,否则浏览器访问 dashboard 页面时提示 “Unauthorized”;
浏览器访问 URL:http://172.20.0.113:8086/ui 自动跳转到:http://172.20.0.113:8086/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard/#/workload?namespace=default
通过 API server 访问dashboard
获取集群服务地址列表
$ kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes master is running at https://172.20.0.113:6443
KubeDNS is running at https://172.20.0.113:6443/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns
kubernetes-dashboard is running at https://172.20.0.113:6443/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard
浏览器访问 URL:https://172.20.0.113:6443/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard(浏览器会提示证书验证,因为通过加密通道,以改方式访问的话,需要提前导入证书到你的计算机中)。这是我当时在这遇到的坑:通过 kube-apiserver 访问dashboard,提示User "system:anonymous" cannot proxy services in the namespace "kube-system". #5,已经解决。
导入证书
将生成的admin.pem证书转换格式
openssl pkcs12 -export -in admin.pem -out admin.p12 -inkey admin-key.pem
将生成的admin.p12
证书导入的你的电脑,导出的时候记住你设置的密码,导入的时候还要用到。
如果你不想使用https的话,可以直接访问insecure port 8080端口:http://172.20.0.113:8080/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard
由于缺少 Heapster 插件,当前 dashboard 不能展示 Pod、Nodes 的 CPU、内存等 metric 图形。
更新
Kubernetes 1.6 版本的 dashboard 的镜像已经到了 v1.6.3 版本,我们可以使用下面的方式更新。
修改 dashboard-controller.yaml
文件中的镜像的版本将 v1.6.0
更改为 v1.6.3
。
image: harbor-001.jimmysong.io/library/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.6.3
然后执行下面的命令:
kubectl apply -f dashboard-controller.yaml
即可在线更新 dashboard 的版本。
监听 dashboard Pod 的状态可以看到:
kubernetes-dashboard-215087767-2jsgd 0/1 Pending 0 0s
kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 1/1 Terminating 0 1d
kubernetes-dashboard-215087767-2jsgd 0/1 Pending 0 0s
kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 1/1 Terminating 0 1d
kubernetes-dashboard-215087767-2jsgd 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s
kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 0/1 Terminating 0 1d
kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 0/1 Terminating 0 1d
kubernetes-dashboard-215087767-2jsgd 1/1 Running 0 6s
kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 0/1 Terminating 0 1d
kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 0/1 Terminating 0 1d
kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 0/1 Terminating 0 1d
新的 Pod 的启动了,旧的 Pod 被终结了。
Dashboard 的访问地址不变,重新访问 http://172.20.0.113:8080/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard,可以看到新版的界面:
新版本中最大的变化是增加了进入容器内部的入口,可以在页面上进入到容器内部操作,同时又增加了一个搜索框。
关于如何将dashboard从1.6版本升级到1.7版本请参考升级dashboard。
问题
-
按照教程安装后,发现dashboard pod 无法启动
场景一:
kubectl -n kube-system describe pod dashboard-xxxxxxx
可以尝试删除所有相关“资源”再重试一次,如:secret、serviceaccount、service、pod、deployment
场景二:
kubectl describe pod -n kube-system kubernetes-dashboard-7b7bf9bcbd-xxxxx Events: Type Reason Age From Message ---- ------ ---- ---- ------- Normal Scheduled 49s default-scheduler Successfully assigned kubernetes-dashboard-7b7bf9bcbd-625cb to 192.168.1.101 Normal SuccessfulMountVolume 49s kubelet, 192.168.1.101 MountVolume.SetUp succeeded for volume "tmp-volume" Warning FailedMount 17s (x7 over 49s) kubelet, 192.168.1.101 MountVolume.SetUp failed for volume "kubernetes-dashboard-certs" : secrets "kubernetes-dashboard-certs" is forbidden: User "system:node:192.168.1.233" cannot get secrets in the namespace "kube-system": no path found to object Warning FailedMount 17s (x7 over 49s) kubelet, 192.168.1.101 MountVolume.SetUp failed for volume "kubernetes-dashboard-token-27kdp" : secrets "kubernetes-dashboard-token-27kdp" is forbidden: User "system:node:192.168.1.233" cannot get secrets in the namespace "kube-system": no path found to object
通过官方文档:RBAC。可以了解到,对于k8s1.8+版本,system:node不会进行默认绑定。因此对于分配到其他node的pod,会出现forbidden。 需要手动bind各个node:
kubectl create clusterrolebinding node233 --clusterrole=system:node --user=system:node:192.168.1.233 kubectl describe pod -n kube-system kubernetes-dashboard-7b7bf9bcbd-xxxxx Events: Type Reason Age From Message ---- ------ ---- ---- ------- Normal Scheduled 15s default-scheduler Successfully assigned kubernetes-dashboard-7b7bf9bcbd-pq6pk to 192.168.1.101 Normal SuccessfulMountVolume 15s kubelet, 192.168.1.101 MountVolume.SetUp succeeded for volume "tmp-volume" Normal SuccessfulMountVolume 15s kubelet, 192.168.1.101 MountVolume.SetUp succeeded for volume "kubernetes-dashboard-certs" Normal SuccessfulMountVolume 15s kubelet, 192.168.1.101 MountVolume.SetUp succeeded for volume "kubernetes-dashboard-token-8rj79" Normal Pulling 15s kubelet, 192.168.1.101 pulling image "registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.8.3"