359 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
359 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# 使用glusterfs做持久化存储
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我们复用kubernetes的三台主机做glusterfs存储。
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以下步骤参考自：https://www.xf80.com/2017/04/21/kubernetes-glusterfs/
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## 安装glusterfs
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我们直接在物理机上使用yum安装，如果你选择在kubernetes上安装，请参考：https://github.com/gluster/gluster-kubernetes/blob/master/docs/setup-guide.md
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```bash
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# 先安装 gluster 源
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$ yum install centos-release-gluster -y
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# 安装 glusterfs 组件
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$ yum install -y glusterfs glusterfs-server glusterfs-fuse glusterfs-rdma glusterfs-geo-replication glusterfs-devel
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## 创建 glusterfs 目录
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$ mkdir /opt/glusterd
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## 修改 glusterd 目录
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$ sed -i 's/var\/lib/opt/g' /etc/glusterfs/glusterd.vol
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# 启动 glusterfs
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$ systemctl start glusterd.service
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# 设置开机启动
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$ systemctl enable glusterd.service
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#查看状态
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$ systemctl status glusterd.service
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```
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## 配置 glusterfs
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```Bash
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# 配置 hosts
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$ vi /etc/hosts
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172.20.0.113 sz-pg-oam-docker-test-001.tendcloud.com
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172.20.0.114 sz-pg-oam-docker-test-002.tendcloud.com
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172.20.0.115 sz-pg-oam-docker-test-003.tendcloud.com
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```
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```bash
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# 开放端口
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$ iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 24007 -j ACCEPT
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# 创建存储目录
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$ mkdir /opt/gfs_data
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```
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```bash
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# 添加节点到 集群
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# 执行操作的本机不需要probe 本机
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[root@sz-pg-oam-docker-test-001 ~]#
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gluster peer probe sz-pg-oam-docker-test-002.tendcloud.com
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gluster peer probe sz-pg-oam-docker-test-003.tendcloud.com
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# 查看集群状态
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$ gluster peer status
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Number of Peers: 2
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Hostname: sz-pg-oam-docker-test-002.tendcloud.com
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Uuid: f25546cc-2011-457d-ba24-342554b51317
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State: Peer in Cluster (Connected)
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Hostname: sz-pg-oam-docker-test-003.tendcloud.com
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Uuid: 42b6cad1-aa01-46d0-bbba-f7ec6821d66d
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State: Peer in Cluster (Connected)
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```
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## 配置 volume
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GlusterFS中的volume的模式有很多中，包括以下几种：
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- **分布卷（默认模式）**：即DHT, 也叫 分布卷: 将文件已hash算法随机分布到 一台服务器节点中存储。
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- **复制模式**：即AFR, 创建volume 时带 replica x 数量: 将文件复制到 replica x 个节点中。
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- **条带模式**：即Striped, 创建volume 时带 stripe x 数量： 将文件切割成数据块，分别存储到 stripe x 个节点中 ( 类似raid 0 )。
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- **分布式条带模式**：最少需要4台服务器才能创建。 创建volume 时 stripe 2 server = 4 个节点： 是DHT 与 Striped 的组合型。
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- **分布式复制模式**：最少需要4台服务器才能创建。 创建volume 时 replica 2 server = 4 个节点：是DHT 与 AFR 的组合型。
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- **条带复制卷模式**：最少需要4台服务器才能创建。 创建volume 时 stripe 2 replica 2 server = 4 个节点： 是 Striped 与 AFR 的组合型。
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- **三种模式混合**： 至少需要8台 服务器才能创建。 stripe 2 replica 2 , 每4个节点 组成一个 组。
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这几种模式的示例图参考：[CentOS7安装GlusterFS](http://www.cnblogs.com/jicki/p/5801712.html)。
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因为我们只有三台主机，在此我们使用默认的**分布卷模式**。**请勿在生产环境上使用该模式，容易导致数据丢失。**
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```bash
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# 创建分布卷
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$ gluster volume create k8s-volume transport tcp sz-pg-oam-docker-test-001.tendcloud.com:/opt/gfs_data sz-pg-oam-docker-test-002.tendcloud.com:/opt/gfs_data sz-pg-oam-docker-test-003.tendcloud.com:/opt/gfs_data force
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# 查看volume状态
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$ gluster volume info
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Volume Name: k8s-volume
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Type: Distribute
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Volume ID: 9a3b0710-4565-4eb7-abae-1d5c8ed625ac
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Status: Created
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Snapshot Count: 0
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Number of Bricks: 3
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Transport-type: tcp
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Bricks:
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Brick1: sz-pg-oam-docker-test-001.tendcloud.com:/opt/gfs_data
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Brick2: sz-pg-oam-docker-test-002.tendcloud.com:/opt/gfs_data
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Brick3: sz-pg-oam-docker-test-003.tendcloud.com:/opt/gfs_data
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Options Reconfigured:
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transport.address-family: inet
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nfs.disable: on
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# 启动 分布卷
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$ gluster volume start k8s-volume
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```
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## Glusterfs调优
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```bash
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# 开启 指定 volume 的配额
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$ gluster volume quota k8s-volume enable
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# 限制 指定 volume 的配额
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$ gluster volume quota k8s-volume limit-usage / 1TB
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# 设置 cache 大小, 默认32MB
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$ gluster volume set k8s-volume performance.cache-size 4GB
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# 设置 io 线程, 太大会导致进程崩溃
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$ gluster volume set k8s-volume performance.io-thread-count 16
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# 设置 网络检测时间, 默认42s
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$ gluster volume set k8s-volume network.ping-timeout 10
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# 设置 写缓冲区的大小, 默认1M
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$ gluster volume set k8s-volume performance.write-behind-window-size 1024MB
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```
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## Kubernetes中配置glusterfs
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官方的文档见：https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/examples/volumes/glusterfs
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以下用到的所有yaml和json配置文件可以在[glusterfs](manifests/glusterfs)中找到。注意替换其中私有镜像地址为你自己的镜像地址。
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## kubernetes安装客户端
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```bash
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# 在所有 k8s node 中安装 glusterfs 客户端
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$ yum install -y glusterfs glusterfs-fuse
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# 配置 hosts
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$ vi /etc/hosts
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172.20.0.113 sz-pg-oam-docker-test-001.tendcloud.com
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172.20.0.114 sz-pg-oam-docker-test-002.tendcloud.com
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172.20.0.115 sz-pg-oam-docker-test-003.tendcloud.com
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```
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因为我们glusterfs跟kubernetes集群复用主机，因为此这一步可以省去。
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## 配置 endpoints
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```bash
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$ curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/master/examples/volumes/glusterfs/glusterfs-endpoints.json
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# 修改 endpoints.json ，配置 glusters 集群节点ip
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# 每一个 addresses 为一个 ip 组
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{
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"addresses": [
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{
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"ip": "172.22.0.113"
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}
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],
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"ports": [
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{
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"port": 1990
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}
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]
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},
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# 导入 glusterfs-endpoints.json
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$ kubectl apply -f glusterfs-endpoints.json
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# 查看 endpoints 信息
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$ kubectl get ep
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```
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## 配置 service
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```bash
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$ curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/master/examples/volumes/glusterfs/glusterfs-service.json
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# service.json 里面查找的是 enpointes 的名称与端口，端口默认配置为 1，我改成了1990
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# 导入 glusterfs-service.json
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$ kubectl apply -f glusterfs-service.json
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# 查看 service 信息
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$ kubectl get svc
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```
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## 创建测试 pod
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```bash
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$ curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/master/examples/volumes/glusterfs/glusterfs-pod.json
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# 编辑 glusterfs-pod.json
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# 修改 volumes 下的 path 为上面创建的 volume 名称
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"path": "k8s-volume"
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# 导入 glusterfs-pod.json
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$ kubectl apply -f glusterfs-pod.json
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# 查看 pods 状态
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$ kubectl get pods
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NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
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glusterfs 1/1 Running 0 1m
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# 查看 pods 所在 node
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$ kubectl describe pods/glusterfs
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# 登陆 node 物理机，使用 df 可查看挂载目录
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$ df -h
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172.20.0.113:k8s-volume 1073741824 0 1073741824 0% 172.20.0.113:k8s-volume 1.0T 0 1.0T 0% /var/lib/kubelet/pods/3de9fc69-30b7-11e7-bfbd-8af1e3a7c5bd/volumes/kubernetes.io~glusterfs/glusterfsvol
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```
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## 配置PersistentVolume
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PersistentVolume（PV）和 PersistentVolumeClaim（PVC）是kubernetes提供的两种API资源，用于抽象存储细节。管理员关注于如何通过pv提供存储功能而无需关注用户如何使用，同样的用户只需要挂载PVC到容器中而不需要关注存储卷采用何种技术实现。
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PVC和PV的关系跟pod和node关系类似，前者消耗后者的资源。PVC可以向PV申请指定大小的存储资源并设置访问模式。
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**PV属性 **
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- storage容量
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- 读写属性：分别为ReadWriteOnce：单个节点读写； ReadOnlyMany：多节点只读 ； ReadWriteMany：多节点读写
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```bash
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$ cat glusterfs-pv.yaml
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: PersistentVolume
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metadata:
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name: gluster-dev-volume
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spec:
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capacity:
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storage: 8Gi
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accessModes:
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- ReadWriteMany
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glusterfs:
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endpoints: "glusterfs-cluster"
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path: "k8s-volume"
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readOnly: false
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# 导入PV
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$ kubectl apply -f glusterfs-pv.yaml
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# 查看 pv
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$ kubectl get pv
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NAME CAPACITY ACCESSMODES RECLAIMPOLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE
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gluster-dev-volume 8Gi RWX Retain Available 3s
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```
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PVC属性
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- 访问属性与PV相同
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- 容量：向PV申请的容量 <= PV总容量
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## 配置PVC
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```Bash
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$ cat glusterfs-pvc.yaml
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kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
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apiVersion: v1
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metadata:
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name: glusterfs-nginx
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spec:
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accessModes:
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- ReadWriteMany
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resources:
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requests:
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storage: 8Gi
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# 导入 pvc
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$ kubectl apply -f glusterfs-pvc.yaml
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# 查看 pvc
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$ kubectl get pv
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NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESSMODES STORAGECLASS AGE
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glusterfs-nginx Bound gluster-dev-volume 8Gi RWX 4s
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```
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## 创建 nginx deployment 挂载 volume
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```Bash
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$ vi nginx-deployment.yaml
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apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
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kind: Deployment
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metadata:
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name: nginx-dm
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spec:
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replicas: 2
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template:
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metadata:
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labels:
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name: nginx
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spec:
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containers:
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- name: nginx
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image: nginx:alpine
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imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
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ports:
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- containerPort: 80
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volumeMounts:
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- name: gluster-dev-volume
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mountPath: "/usr/share/nginx/html"
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volumes:
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- name: gluster-dev-volume
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persistentVolumeClaim:
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claimName: glusterfs-nginx
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# 导入 deployment
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$ kubectl apply -f nginx-deployment.yaml
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# 查看 deployment
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$ kubectl get pods |grep nginx-dm
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nginx-dm-3698525684-g0mvt 1/1 Running 0 6s
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nginx-dm-3698525684-hbzq1 1/1 Running 0 6s
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# 查看 挂载
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$ kubectl exec -it nginx-dm-3698525684-g0mvt -- df -h|grep k8s-volume
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172.20.0.113:k8s-volume 1.0T 0 1.0T 0% /usr/share/nginx/html
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# 创建文件 测试
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$ kubectl exec -it nginx-dm-3698525684-g0mvt -- touch /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
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$ kubectl exec -it nginx-dm-3698525684-g0mvt -- ls -lt /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 May 4 11:36 /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
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# 验证 glusterfs
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# 因为我们使用分布卷，所以可以看到某个节点中有文件
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[root@sz-pg-oam-docker-test-001 ~] ls /opt/gfs_data/
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[root@sz-pg-oam-docker-test-002 ~] ls /opt/gfs_data/
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index.html
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[root@sz-pg-oam-docker-test-003 ~] ls /opt/gfs_data/
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```
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## 参考
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[在kubernetes中安装glusterfs](https://www.xf80.com/2017/04/21/kubernetes-glusterfs/?utm_source=tuicool&utm_medium=referral#kubernetes-glusterfs)
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[CentOS 7 安装 GlusterFS](http://www.cnblogs.com/jicki/p/5801712.html)
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[GlusterFS with kubernetes](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/examples/volumes/glusterfs)
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