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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
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<title>Kubernetes 中的网络解析 —— 以 flannel 为例 · Kubernetes Handbook - Kubernetes中文指南/云原生应用架构实践手册 by Jimmy Song(宋净超)</title>
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<div id="book-search-input" role="search">
<input type="text" placeholder="输入并搜索" />
</div>
<nav role="navigation">
<ul class="summary">
<li>
<a href="https://jimmysong.io" target="_blank" class="custom-link">回到主页</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://jimmysong.io/awesome-cloud-native" target="_blank" class="custom-link">Awesome Cloud Native</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://cloudnative.to" target="_blank" class="custom-link">云原生社区</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://cloudnativeindustryalliance.github.io/whitepaper2020/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">中国云原生发展白皮书2020</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://jimmysong.io/guide-to-cloud-native-app/" target="_blank" class="custom-link">云原生应用白皮书</a>
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="header">前言</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.1" data-path="../">
<a href="../">
<b>1.1.</b>
序言
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">云原生</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-definition.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-definition.html">
<b>2.1.</b>
云原生（Cloud Native）的定义
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.2" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-philosophy.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-philosophy.html">
<b>2.2.</b>
云原生的设计哲学
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3" data-path="../cloud-native/play-with-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/play-with-kubernetes.html">
<b>2.3.</b>
Play with Kubernetes
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.4" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-local-quick-start.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-local-quick-start.html">
<b>2.4.</b>
快速部署一个云原生本地实验环境
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.5" data-path="../cloud-native/setup-kubernetes-with-rancher-and-aliyun.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/setup-kubernetes-with-rancher-and-aliyun.html">
<b>2.5.</b>
使用 Rancher 在阿里云上部署 Kubenretes 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.6" data-path="../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-app-overview.html">
<b>2.6.</b>
Kubernetes 与云原生应用概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.7" data-path="../cloud-native/from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/from-kubernetes-to-cloud-native.html">
<b>2.7.</b>
云原生应用之路 —— 从 Kubernetes 到 Cloud Native
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.8" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-languages.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-languages.html">
<b>2.8.</b>
云原生编程语言
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.8.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-ballerina.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-ballerina.html">
<b>2.8.1.</b>
云原生编程语言 Ballerina
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.8.2" data-path="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-pulumi.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cloud-native-programming-language-pulumi.html">
<b>2.8.2.</b>
云原生编程语言 Pulumi
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.9" data-path="../cloud-native/the-future-of-cloud-native.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/the-future-of-cloud-native.html">
<b>2.9.</b>
云原生的未来
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.10" data-path="../cloud-native/define-cloud-native-app.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/define-cloud-native-app.html">
<b>2.10.</b>
定义云原生应用
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.10.1" data-path="../cloud-native/workload.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/workload.html">
<b>2.10.1.</b>
Workload
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.10.2" data-path="../cloud-native/component.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/component.html">
<b>2.10.2.</b>
Component
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.10.3" data-path="../cloud-native/trait.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/trait.html">
<b>2.10.3.</b>
Trait
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.10.4" data-path="../cloud-native/application-scope.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/application-scope.html">
<b>2.10.4.</b>
Application Scope
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.10.5" data-path="../cloud-native/application-configuration.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/application-configuration.html">
<b>2.10.5.</b>
Application Configuration
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">概念与原理</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="./">
<a href="./">
<b>3.1.</b>
Kubernetes 架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.1" data-path="concepts.html">
<a href="concepts.html">
<b>3.1.1.</b>
设计理念
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.2" data-path="etcd.html">
<a href="etcd.html">
<b>3.1.2.</b>
Etcd 解析
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.3" data-path="open-interfaces.html">
<a href="open-interfaces.html">
<b>3.1.3.</b>
开放接口
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.3.1" data-path="cri.html">
<a href="cri.html">
<b>3.1.3.1.</b>
CRI - Container Runtime Interface（容器运行时接口）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.3.2" data-path="cni.html">
<a href="cni.html">
<b>3.1.3.2.</b>
CNI - Container Network Interface（容器网络接口）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1.3.3" data-path="csi.html">
<a href="csi.html">
<b>3.1.3.3.</b>
CSI - Container Storage Interface（容器存储接口）
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2" data-path="networking.html">
<a href="networking.html">
<b>3.2.</b>
Kubernetes 中的网络
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter active" data-level="3.2.1" data-path="flannel.html">
<a href="flannel.html">
<b>3.2.1.</b>
Kubernetes 中的网络解析 —— 以 flannel 为例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2.2" data-path="calico.html">
<a href="calico.html">
<b>3.2.2.</b>
Kubernetes 中的网络解析 —— 以 calico 为例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2.3" data-path="cilium.html">
<a href="cilium.html">
<b>3.2.3.</b>
具备 API 感知的网络和安全性管理开源软件 Cilium
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2.3.1" data-path="cilium-concepts.html">
<a href="cilium-concepts.html">
<b>3.2.3.1.</b>
Cilium 架构设计与概念解析
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3" data-path="objects.html">
<a href="objects.html">
<b>3.3.</b>
资源对象与基本概念解析
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4" data-path="pod-state-and-lifecycle.html">
<a href="pod-state-and-lifecycle.html">
<b>3.4.</b>
Pod 状态与生命周期管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4.1" data-path="pod-overview.html">
<a href="pod-overview.html">
<b>3.4.1.</b>
Pod 概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4.2" data-path="pod.html">
<a href="pod.html">
<b>3.4.2.</b>
Pod 解析
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4.3" data-path="init-containers.html">
<a href="init-containers.html">
<b>3.4.3.</b>
Init 容器
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4.4" data-path="pause-container.html">
<a href="pause-container.html">
<b>3.4.4.</b>
Pause 容器
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4.5" data-path="pod-security-policy.html">
<a href="pod-security-policy.html">
<b>3.4.5.</b>
Pod 安全策略
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4.6" data-path="pod-lifecycle.html">
<a href="pod-lifecycle.html">
<b>3.4.6.</b>
Pod 的生命周期
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4.7" data-path="pod-hook.html">
<a href="pod-hook.html">
<b>3.4.7.</b>
Pod Hook
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4.8" data-path="pod-preset.html">
<a href="pod-preset.html">
<b>3.4.8.</b>
Pod Preset
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4.9" data-path="pod-disruption-budget.html">
<a href="pod-disruption-budget.html">
<b>3.4.9.</b>
Pod 中断与 PDB（Pod 中断预算）
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5" data-path="cluster.html">
<a href="cluster.html">
<b>3.5.</b>
集群资源管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.1" data-path="node.html">
<a href="node.html">
<b>3.5.1.</b>
Node
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.2" data-path="namespace.html">
<a href="namespace.html">
<b>3.5.2.</b>
Namespace
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.3" data-path="label.html">
<a href="label.html">
<b>3.5.3.</b>
Label
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.4" data-path="annotation.html">
<a href="annotation.html">
<b>3.5.4.</b>
Annotation
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.5" data-path="taint-and-toleration.html">
<a href="taint-and-toleration.html">
<b>3.5.5.</b>
Taint 和 Toleration（污点和容忍）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.6" data-path="garbage-collection.html">
<a href="garbage-collection.html">
<b>3.5.6.</b>
垃圾收集
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6" data-path="controllers.html">
<a href="controllers.html">
<b>3.6.</b>
控制器
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6.1" data-path="deployment.html">
<a href="deployment.html">
<b>3.6.1.</b>
Deployment
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6.2" data-path="statefulset.html">
<a href="statefulset.html">
<b>3.6.2.</b>
StatefulSet
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6.3" data-path="daemonset.html">
<a href="daemonset.html">
<b>3.6.3.</b>
DaemonSet
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6.4" data-path="replicaset.html">
<a href="replicaset.html">
<b>3.6.4.</b>
ReplicationController 和 ReplicaSet
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6.5" data-path="job.html">
<a href="job.html">
<b>3.6.5.</b>
Job
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6.6" data-path="cronjob.html">
<a href="cronjob.html">
<b>3.6.6.</b>
CronJob
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6.7" data-path="horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
<a href="horizontal-pod-autoscaling.html">
<b>3.6.7.</b>
Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6.7.1" data-path="custom-metrics-hpa.html">
<a href="custom-metrics-hpa.html">
<b>3.6.7.1.</b>
自定义指标 HPA
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6.8" data-path="admission-controller.html">
<a href="admission-controller.html">
<b>3.6.8.</b>
准入控制器（Admission Controller）
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.7" data-path="service-discovery.html">
<a href="service-discovery.html">
<b>3.7.</b>
服务发现
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.7.1" data-path="service.html">
<a href="service.html">
<b>3.7.1.</b>
Service
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.7.2" data-path="ingress.html">
<a href="ingress.html">
<b>3.7.2.</b>
Ingress
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.7.2.1" data-path="traefik-ingress-controller.html">
<a href="traefik-ingress-controller.html">
<b>3.7.2.1.</b>
Traefik Ingress Controller
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.8" data-path="authentication-and-permission.html">
<a href="authentication-and-permission.html">
<b>3.8.</b>
身份与权限控制
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.8.1" data-path="serviceaccount.html">
<a href="serviceaccount.html">
<b>3.8.1.</b>
ServiceAccount
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.8.2" data-path="rbac.html">
<a href="rbac.html">
<b>3.8.2.</b>
RBAC—— 基于角色的访问控制
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.8.3" data-path="network-policy.html">
<a href="network-policy.html">
<b>3.8.3.</b>
NetworkPolicy
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.9" data-path="storage.html">
<a href="storage.html">
<b>3.9.</b>
存储
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.9.1" data-path="secret.html">
<a href="secret.html">
<b>3.9.1.</b>
Secret
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.9.2" data-path="configmap.html">
<a href="configmap.html">
<b>3.9.2.</b>
ConfigMap
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.9.2.1" data-path="configmap-hot-update.html">
<a href="configmap-hot-update.html">
<b>3.9.2.1.</b>
ConfigMap 的热更新
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.9.3" data-path="volume.html">
<a href="volume.html">
<b>3.9.3.</b>
Volume
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.9.4" data-path="persistent-volume.html">
<a href="persistent-volume.html">
<b>3.9.4.</b>
Persistent Volume（持久化卷）
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.9.5" data-path="storageclass.html">
<a href="storageclass.html">
<b>3.9.5.</b>
Storage Class
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.9.6" data-path="local-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="local-persistent-storage.html">
<b>3.9.6.</b>
本地持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.10" data-path="extension.html">
<a href="extension.html">
<b>3.10.</b>
集群扩展
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.10.1" data-path="custom-resource.html">
<a href="custom-resource.html">
<b>3.10.1.</b>
使用自定义资源扩展 API
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.10.2" data-path="crd.html">
<a href="crd.html">
<b>3.10.2.</b>
使用 CRD 扩展 Kubernetes API
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.10.3" data-path="aggregated-api-server.html">
<a href="aggregated-api-server.html">
<b>3.10.3.</b>
Aggregated API Server
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.10.4" data-path="apiservice.html">
<a href="apiservice.html">
<b>3.10.4.</b>
APIService
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.10.5" data-path="service-catalog.html">
<a href="service-catalog.html">
<b>3.10.5.</b>
Service Catalog
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.11" data-path="scheduling.html">
<a href="scheduling.html">
<b>3.11.</b>
资源调度
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.11.1" data-path="qos.html">
<a href="qos.html">
<b>3.11.1.</b>
QoS（服务质量等级）
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">用户指南</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="../guide/">
<a href="../guide/">
<b>4.1.</b>
用户指南
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2" data-path="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
<a href="../guide/resource-configuration.html">
<b>4.2.</b>
资源对象配置
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.1" data-path="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
<a href="../guide/configure-liveness-readiness-probes.html">
<b>4.2.1.</b>
配置 Pod 的 liveness 和 readiness 探针
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.2" data-path="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
<a href="../guide/configure-pod-service-account.html">
<b>4.2.2.</b>
配置 Pod 的 Service Account
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.3" data-path="../guide/secret-configuration.html">
<a href="../guide/secret-configuration.html">
<b>4.2.3.</b>
Secret 配置
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2.4" data-path="../guide/resource-quota-management.html">
<a href="../guide/resource-quota-management.html">
<b>4.2.4.</b>
管理 namespace 中的资源配额
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3" data-path="../guide/command-usage.html">
<a href="../guide/command-usage.html">
<b>4.3.</b>
命令使用
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.1" data-path="../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
<a href="../guide/docker-cli-to-kubectl.html">
<b>4.3.1.</b>
Docker 用户过渡到 kubectl 命令行指南
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.2" data-path="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
<a href="../guide/using-kubectl.html">
<b>4.3.2.</b>
kubectl 命令概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.3" data-path="../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html">
<a href="../guide/kubectl-cheatsheet.html">
<b>4.3.3.</b>
kubectl 命令技巧大全
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3.4" data-path="../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html">
<a href="../guide/using-etcdctl-to-access-kubernetes-data.html">
<b>4.3.4.</b>
使用 etcdctl 访问 kubernetes 数据
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4" data-path="../guide/cluster-security-management.html">
<a href="../guide/cluster-security-management.html">
<b>4.4.</b>
集群安全性管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.1" data-path="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/managing-tls-in-a-cluster.html">
<b>4.4.1.</b>
管理集群中的 TLS
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.2" data-path="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
<a href="../guide/kubelet-authentication-authorization.html">
<b>4.4.2.</b>
kubelet 的认证授权
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.3" data-path="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
<a href="../guide/tls-bootstrapping.html">
<b>4.4.3.</b>
TLS bootstrap
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.4" data-path="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
<a href="../guide/kubectl-user-authentication-authorization.html">
<b>4.4.4.</b>
创建用户认证授权的 kubeconfig 文件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.5" data-path="../guide/ip-masq-agent.html">
<a href="../guide/ip-masq-agent.html">
<b>4.4.5.</b>
IP 伪装代理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.6" data-path="../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html">
<a href="../guide/auth-with-kubeconfig-or-token.html">
<b>4.4.6.</b>
使用 kubeconfig 或 token 进行用户身份认证
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.7" data-path="../guide/authentication.html">
<a href="../guide/authentication.html">
<b>4.4.7.</b>
Kubernetes 中的用户与身份认证授权
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4.8" data-path="../guide/kubernetes-security-best-practice.html">
<a href="../guide/kubernetes-security-best-practice.html">
<b>4.4.8.</b>
Kubernetes 集群安全性配置最佳实践
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5" data-path="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/access-kubernetes-cluster.html">
<b>4.5.</b>
访问 Kubernetes 集群
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1" data-path="../guide/access-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/access-cluster.html">
<b>4.5.1.</b>
访问集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.2" data-path="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
<a href="../guide/authenticate-across-clusters-kubeconfig.html">
<b>4.5.2.</b>
使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.3" data-path="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
<a href="../guide/connecting-to-applications-port-forward.html">
<b>4.5.3.</b>
通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.4" data-path="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/service-access-application-cluster.html">
<b>4.5.4.</b>
使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.5" data-path="../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html">
<a href="../guide/accessing-kubernetes-pods-from-outside-of-the-cluster.html">
<b>4.5.5.</b>
从外部访问 Kubernetes 中的 Pod
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.6" data-path="../guide/cabin-mobile-dashboard-for-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../guide/cabin-mobile-dashboard-for-kubernetes.html">
<b>4.5.6.</b>
Cabin - Kubernetes 手机客户端
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.7" data-path="../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html">
<a href="../guide/kubernetes-desktop-client.html">
<b>4.5.7.</b>
Kubernetic - Kubernetes 桌面客户端
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.8" data-path="../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html">
<a href="../guide/kubernator-kubernetes-ui.html">
<b>4.5.8.</b>
Kubernator - 更底层的 Kubernetes UI
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6" data-path="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
<a href="../guide/application-development-deployment-flow.html">
<b>4.6.</b>
在 Kubernetes 中开发部署应用
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.1" data-path="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../guide/deploy-applications-in-kubernetes.html">
<b>4.6.1.</b>
适用于 kubernetes 的应用开发部署流程
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.2" data-path="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../guide/migrating-hadoop-yarn-to-kubernetes.html">
<b>4.6.2.</b>
迁移传统应用到 Kubernetes 中 —— 以 Hadoop YARN 为例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.6.3" data-path="../guide/using-statefulset.html">
<a href="../guide/using-statefulset.html">
<b>4.6.3.</b>
使用 StatefulSet 部署用状态应用
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">最佳实践</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="../practice/">
<a href="../practice/">
<b>5.1.</b>
最佳实践概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2" data-path="../practice/install-kubernetes-on-centos.html">
<a href="../practice/install-kubernetes-on-centos.html">
<b>5.2.</b>
在 CentOS 上部署 Kubernetes 集群
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.1" data-path="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
<a href="../practice/create-tls-and-secret-key.html">
<b>5.2.1.</b>
创建 TLS 证书和秘钥
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.2" data-path="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
<a href="../practice/create-kubeconfig.html">
<b>5.2.2.</b>
创建 kubeconfig 文件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.3" data-path="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/etcd-cluster-installation.html">
<b>5.2.3.</b>
创建高可用 etcd 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.4" data-path="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/kubectl-installation.html">
<b>5.2.4.</b>
安装 kubectl 命令行工具
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.5" data-path="../practice/master-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/master-installation.html">
<b>5.2.5.</b>
部署 master 节点
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.6" data-path="../practice/flannel-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/flannel-installation.html">
<b>5.2.6.</b>
安装 flannel 网络插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.7" data-path="../practice/node-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/node-installation.html">
<b>5.2.7.</b>
部署 node 节点
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.8" data-path="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/kubedns-addon-installation.html">
<b>5.2.8.</b>
安装 kubedns 插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.9" data-path="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/dashboard-addon-installation.html">
<b>5.2.9.</b>
安装 dashboard 插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.10" data-path="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/heapster-addon-installation.html">
<b>5.2.10.</b>
安装 heapster 插件
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2.11" data-path="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/efk-addon-installation.html">
<b>5.2.11.</b>
安装 EFK 插件
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3" data-path="../practice/install-kubernetes-with-kubeadm.html">
<a href="../practice/install-kubernetes-with-kubeadm.html">
<b>5.3.</b>
生产级的 Kubernetes 简化管理工具 kubeadm
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.3.1" data-path="../practice/install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu-server-16.04-with-kubeadm.html">
<a href="../practice/install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu-server-16.04-with-kubeadm.html">
<b>5.3.1.</b>
使用 kubeadm 在 Ubuntu Server 16.04 上快速构建测试集群
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4" data-path="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
<a href="../practice/service-discovery-and-loadbalancing.html">
<b>5.4.</b>
服务发现与负载均衡
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.1" data-path="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/traefik-ingress-installation.html">
<b>5.4.1.</b>
安装 Traefik ingress
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.2" data-path="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
<a href="../practice/distributed-load-test.html">
<b>5.4.2.</b>
分布式负载测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.3" data-path="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
<a href="../practice/network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html">
<b>5.4.3.</b>
网络和集群性能测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.4" data-path="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
<a href="../practice/edge-node-configuration.html">
<b>5.4.4.</b>
边缘节点配置
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.5" data-path="../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/nginx-ingress-installation.html">
<b>5.4.5.</b>
安装 Nginx ingress
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.6" data-path="../practice/dns-installation.html">
<a href="../practice/dns-installation.html">
<b>5.4.6.</b>
安装配置 DNS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.6.1" data-path="../practice/configuring-dns.html">
<a href="../practice/configuring-dns.html">
<b>5.4.6.1.</b>
安装配置 Kube-dns
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.4.6.2" data-path="../practice/coredns.html">
<a href="../practice/coredns.html">
<b>5.4.6.2.</b>
安装配置 CoreDNS
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5" data-path="../practice/operation.html">
<a href="../practice/operation.html">
<b>5.5.</b>
运维管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.1" data-path="../practice/master-ha.html">
<a href="../practice/master-ha.html">
<b>5.5.1.</b>
Master 节点高可用
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.2" data-path="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
<a href="../practice/service-rolling-update.html">
<b>5.5.2.</b>
服务滚动升级
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.3" data-path="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
<a href="../practice/app-log-collection.html">
<b>5.5.3.</b>
应用日志收集
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.4" data-path="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
<a href="../practice/configuration-best-practice.html">
<b>5.5.4.</b>
配置最佳实践
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.5" data-path="../practice/monitor.html">
<a href="../practice/monitor.html">
<b>5.5.5.</b>
集群及应用监控
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.6" data-path="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
<a href="../practice/data-persistence-problem.html">
<b>5.5.6.</b>
数据持久化问题
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.7" data-path="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
<a href="../practice/manage-compute-resources-container.html">
<b>5.5.7.</b>
管理容器的计算资源
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.5.8" data-path="../practice/federation.html">
<a href="../practice/federation.html">
<b>5.5.8.</b>
集群联邦
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6" data-path="../practice/storage.html">
<a href="../practice/storage.html">
<b>5.6.</b>
存储管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.1" data-path="../practice/glusterfs.html">
<a href="../practice/glusterfs.html">
<b>5.6.1.</b>
GlusterFS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>5.6.1.1.</b>
使用 GlusterFS 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.1.2" data-path="../practice/using-heketi-gluster-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-heketi-gluster-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>5.6.1.2.</b>
使用 Heketi 作为 Kubernetes 的持久存储 GlusterFS 的 external provisioner
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.1.3" data-path="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
<a href="../practice/storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html">
<b>5.6.1.3.</b>
在 OpenShift 中使用 GlusterFS 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.2" data-path="../practice/glusterd-2.0.html">
<a href="../practice/glusterd-2.0.html">
<b>5.6.2.</b>
GlusterD-2.0
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.3" data-path="../practice/ceph.html">
<a href="../practice/ceph.html">
<b>5.6.3.</b>
Ceph
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.3.1" data-path="../practice/ceph-helm-install-guide-zh.html">
<a href="../practice/ceph-helm-install-guide-zh.html">
<b>5.6.3.1.</b>
用 Helm 托管安装 Ceph 集群并提供后端存储
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.3.2" data-path="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>5.6.3.2.</b>
使用 Ceph 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.3.3" data-path="../practice/rbd-provisioner.html">
<a href="../practice/rbd-provisioner.html">
<b>5.6.3.3.</b>
使用 rbd-provisioner 提供 rbd 持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.4" data-path="../practice/openebs.html">
<a href="../practice/openebs.html">
<b>5.6.4.</b>
OpenEBS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.4.1" data-path="../practice/using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-openebs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>5.6.4.1.</b>
使用 OpenEBS 做持久化存储
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.5" data-path="../practice/rook.html">
<a href="../practice/rook.html">
<b>5.6.5.</b>
Rook
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.6" data-path="../practice/nfs.html">
<a href="../practice/nfs.html">
<b>5.6.6.</b>
NFS
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.6.6.1" data-path="../practice/using-nfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<a href="../practice/using-nfs-for-persistent-storage.html">
<b>5.6.6.1.</b>
利用 NFS 动态提供 Kubernetes 后端存储卷
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.7" data-path="../practice/monitoring.html">
<a href="../practice/monitoring.html">
<b>5.7.</b>
集群与应用监控
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.7.1" data-path="../practice/heapster.html">
<a href="../practice/heapster.html">
<b>5.7.1.</b>
Heapster
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.7.1.1" data-path="../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
<a href="../practice/using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html">
<b>5.7.1.1.</b>
使用 Heapster 获取集群和对象的 metric 数据
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.7.2" data-path="../practice/prometheus.html">
<a href="../practice/prometheus.html">
<b>5.7.2.</b>
Prometheus
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.7.2.1" data-path="../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
<a href="../practice/using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html">
<b>5.7.2.1.</b>
使用 Prometheus 监控 kubernetes 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.7.2.2" data-path="../practice/promql.html">
<a href="../practice/promql.html">
<b>5.7.2.2.</b>
Prometheus 查询语言 PromQL 使用说明
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.7.3" data-path="../practice/vistio-visualize-your-istio-mesh.html">
<a href="../practice/vistio-visualize-your-istio-mesh.html">
<b>5.7.3.</b>
使用 Vistio 监控 Istio 服务网格中的流量
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.8" data-path="../practice/distributed-tracing.html">
<a href="../practice/distributed-tracing.html">
<b>5.8.</b>
分布式跟踪
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.8.1" data-path="../practice/opentracing.html">
<a href="../practice/opentracing.html">
<b>5.8.1.</b>
OpenTracing
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.9" data-path="../practice/services-management-tool.html">
<a href="../practice/services-management-tool.html">
<b>5.9.</b>
服务编排管理
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.9.1" data-path="../practice/helm.html">
<a href="../practice/helm.html">
<b>5.9.1.</b>
使用 Helm 管理 Kubernetes 应用
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.9.2" data-path="../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html">
<a href="../practice/create-private-charts-repo.html">
<b>5.9.2.</b>
构建私有 Chart 仓库
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.10" data-path="../practice/ci-cd.html">
<a href="../practice/ci-cd.html">
<b>5.10.</b>
持续集成与发布
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.10.1" data-path="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
<a href="../practice/jenkins-ci-cd.html">
<b>5.10.1.</b>
使用 Jenkins 进行持续集成与发布
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.10.2" data-path="../practice/drone-ci-cd.html">
<a href="../practice/drone-ci-cd.html">
<b>5.10.2.</b>
使用 Drone 进行持续集成与发布
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.11" data-path="../practice/update-and-upgrade.html">
<a href="../practice/update-and-upgrade.html">
<b>5.11.</b>
更新与升级
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.11.1" data-path="../practice/manually-upgrade.html">
<a href="../practice/manually-upgrade.html">
<b>5.11.1.</b>
手动升级 Kubernetes 集群
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.11.2" data-path="../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html">
<a href="../practice/dashboard-upgrade.html">
<b>5.11.2.</b>
升级 dashboard
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.12" data-path="../practice/controller-extended.html">
<a href="../practice/controller-extended.html">
<b>5.12.</b>
扩展控制器
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.12.1" data-path="../practice/openkruise.html">
<a href="../practice/openkruise.html">
<b>5.12.1.</b>
OpenKruise
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">领域应用</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.1" data-path="../usecases/">
<a href="../usecases/">
<b>6.1.</b>
领域应用概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2" data-path="../usecases/microservices.html">
<a href="../usecases/microservices.html">
<b>6.2.</b>
微服务架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.1" data-path="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html">
<b>6.2.1.</b>
微服务中的服务发现
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.2" data-path="../usecases/microservices-for-java-developers.html">
<a href="../usecases/microservices-for-java-developers.html">
<b>6.2.2.</b>
使用 Java 构建微服务并发布到 Kubernetes 平台
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.2.1" data-path="../usecases/spring-boot-quick-start-guide.html">
<a href="../usecases/spring-boot-quick-start-guide.html">
<b>6.2.2.1.</b>
Spring Boot 快速开始指南
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh.html">
<b>6.3.</b>
Service Mesh 服务网格
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.1" data-path="../usecases/the-enterprise-path-to-service-mesh-architectures.html">
<a href="../usecases/the-enterprise-path-to-service-mesh-architectures.html">
<b>6.3.1.</b>
企业级服务网格架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.1.1" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-fundamental.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-fundamental.html">
<b>6.3.1.1.</b>
Service Mesh 基础
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.1.2" data-path="../usecases/comparing-service-mesh-technologies.html">
<a href="../usecases/comparing-service-mesh-technologies.html">
<b>6.3.1.2.</b>
Service Mesh 技术对比
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.1.3" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-adoption-and-evolution.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-adoption-and-evolution.html">
<b>6.3.1.3.</b>
采纳和演进
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.1.4" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-customization-and-integration.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-customization-and-integration.html">
<b>6.3.1.4.</b>
定制和集成
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.1.5" data-path="../usecases/service-mesh-conclusion.html">
<a href="../usecases/service-mesh-conclusion.html">
<b>6.3.1.5.</b>
总结
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.2" data-path="../usecases/istio.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio.html">
<b>6.3.2.</b>
Istio
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.2.1" data-path="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-installation.html">
<b>6.3.2.1.</b>
安装并试用 Istio service mesh
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.2.2" data-path="../usecases/sidecar-spec-in-istio.html">
<a href="../usecases/sidecar-spec-in-istio.html">
<b>6.3.2.2.</b>
Istio 中 sidecar 的注入规范及示例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.2.3" data-path="../usecases/istio-community-tips.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-community-tips.html">
<b>6.3.2.3.</b>
如何参与 Istio 社区及注意事项
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.2.4" data-path="../usecases/istio-tutorials-collection.html">
<a href="../usecases/istio-tutorials-collection.html">
<b>6.3.2.4.</b>
Istio 免费学习资源汇总
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.2.5" data-path="../usecases/understand-sidecar-injection-and-traffic-hijack-in-istio-service-mesh.html">
<a href="../usecases/understand-sidecar-injection-and-traffic-hijack-in-istio-service-mesh.html">
<b>6.3.2.5.</b>
Sidecar 的注入与流量劫持
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.2.6" data-path="../usecases/envoy-sidecar-routing-of-istio-service-mesh-deep-dive.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-sidecar-routing-of-istio-service-mesh-deep-dive.html">
<b>6.3.2.6.</b>
Envoy Sidecar 代理的路由转发
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.3" data-path="../usecases/linkerd.html">
<a href="../usecases/linkerd.html">
<b>6.3.3.</b>
Linkerd
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.3.1" data-path="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
<a href="../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html">
<b>6.3.3.1.</b>
Linkerd 使用指南
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.4" data-path="../usecases/conduit.html">
<a href="../usecases/conduit.html">
<b>6.3.4.</b>
Conduit
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.4.1" data-path="../usecases/conduit-overview.html">
<a href="../usecases/conduit-overview.html">
<b>6.3.4.1.</b>
Condiut 概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.4.2" data-path="../usecases/conduit-installation.html">
<a href="../usecases/conduit-installation.html">
<b>6.3.4.2.</b>
安装 Conduit
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.5" data-path="../usecases/envoy.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy.html">
<b>6.3.5.</b>
Envoy
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.5.1" data-path="../usecases/envoy-terminology.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-terminology.html">
<b>6.3.5.1.</b>
Envoy 的架构与基本术语
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.5.2" data-path="../usecases/envoy-front-proxy.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-front-proxy.html">
<b>6.3.5.2.</b>
Envoy 作为前端代理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.5.3" data-path="../usecases/envoy-mesh-in-kubernetes-tutorial.html">
<a href="../usecases/envoy-mesh-in-kubernetes-tutorial.html">
<b>6.3.5.3.</b>
Envoy mesh 教程
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.3.6" data-path="../usecases/mosn.html">
<a href="../usecases/mosn.html">
<b>6.3.6.</b>
MOSN
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4" data-path="../usecases/big-data.html">
<a href="../usecases/big-data.html">
<b>6.4.</b>
大数据
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.1" data-path="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
<a href="../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html">
<b>6.4.1.</b>
Spark standalone on Kubernetes
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.4.2" data-path="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
<a href="../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html">
<b>6.4.2.</b>
运行支持 Kubernetes 原生调度的 Spark 程序
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5" data-path="../usecases/serverless.html">
<a href="../usecases/serverless.html">
<b>6.5.</b>
Serverless 架构
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.1" data-path="../usecases/understanding-serverless.html">
<a href="../usecases/understanding-serverless.html">
<b>6.5.1.</b>
理解 Serverless
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.2" data-path="../usecases/faas.html">
<a href="../usecases/faas.html">
<b>6.5.2.</b>
FaaS（函数即服务）
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.2.1" data-path="../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html">
<a href="../usecases/openfaas-quick-start.html">
<b>6.5.2.1.</b>
OpenFaaS 快速入门指南
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.5.3" data-path="../usecases/knative.html">
<a href="../usecases/knative.html">
<b>6.5.3.</b>
Knative
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6" data-path="../usecases/cloud-native-app-standard.html">
<a href="../usecases/cloud-native-app-standard.html">
<b>6.6.</b>
云原生应用标准
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.6.1" data-path="../usecases/oam.html">
<a href="../usecases/oam.html">
<b>6.6.1.</b>
OAM（开放应用模型）
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.7" data-path="../usecases/edge-computing.html">
<a href="../usecases/edge-computing.html">
<b>6.7.</b>
边缘计算
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.8" data-path="../usecases/ai.html">
<a href="../usecases/ai.html">
<b>6.8.</b>
人工智能
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">开发指南</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.1" data-path="../develop/">
<a href="../develop/">
<b>7.1.</b>
开发指南概览
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.2" data-path="../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html">
<a href="../develop/sigs-and-working-group.html">
<b>7.2.</b>
SIG 和工作组
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3" data-path="../develop/developing-environment.html">
<a href="../develop/developing-environment.html">
<b>7.3.</b>
开发环境搭建
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.3.1" data-path="../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html">
<a href="../develop/using-vagrant-and-virtualbox-for-development.html">
<b>7.3.1.</b>
本地分布式开发环境搭建（使用 Vagrant 和 Virtualbox）
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.4" data-path="../develop/testing.html">
<a href="../develop/testing.html">
<b>7.4.</b>
单元测试和集成测试
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.5" data-path="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
<a href="../develop/client-go-sample.html">
<b>7.5.</b>
client-go 示例
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.6" data-path="../develop/operator.html">
<a href="../develop/operator.html">
<b>7.6.</b>
Operator
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.6.1" data-path="../develop/operator-sdk.html">
<a href="../develop/operator-sdk.html">
<b>7.6.1.</b>
operator-sdk
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.7" data-path="../develop/kubebuilder.html">
<a href="../develop/kubebuilder.html">
<b>7.7.</b>
kubebuilder
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.7.1" data-path="../develop/kubebuilder-example.html">
<a href="../develop/kubebuilder-example.html">
<b>7.7.1.</b>
使用 kubebuilder 创建 operator 示例
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.8" data-path="../develop/advance-developer.html">
<a href="../develop/advance-developer.html">
<b>7.8.</b>
高级开发指南
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.9" data-path="../develop/contribute.html">
<a href="../develop/contribute.html">
<b>7.9.</b>
社区贡献
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="7.10" data-path="../develop/minikube.html">
<a href="../develop/minikube.html">
<b>7.10.</b>
Minikube
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">CNCF（云原生计算基金会）</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.1" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf.html">
<b>8.1.</b>
CNCF - 云原生计算基金会简介
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.2" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-charter.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-charter.html">
<b>8.2.</b>
CNCF 章程
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.3" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-sig.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-sig.html">
<b>8.3.</b>
CNCF 特别兴趣小组（SIG）说明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.4" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-sandbox-criteria.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-sandbox-criteria.html">
<b>8.4.</b>
开源项目加入 CNCF Sandbox 的要求
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.5" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-project-governing.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-project-governing.html">
<b>8.5.</b>
CNCF 中的项目治理
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="8.6" data-path="../cloud-native/cncf-ambassador.html">
<a href="../cloud-native/cncf-ambassador.html">
<b>8.6.</b>
CNCF Ambassador
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">附录</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.1" data-path="../appendix/">
<a href="../appendix/">
<b>9.1.</b>
附录说明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.2" data-path="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
<a href="../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html">
<b>9.2.</b>
Kubernetes 中的应用故障排查
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.3" data-path="../appendix/material-share.html">
<a href="../appendix/material-share.html">
<b>9.3.</b>
Kubernetes 相关资讯和情报链接
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.4" data-path="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
<a href="../appendix/docker-best-practice.html">
<b>9.4.</b>
Docker 最佳实践
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.5" data-path="../appendix/tricks.html">
<a href="../appendix/tricks.html">
<b>9.5.</b>
使用技巧
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.6" data-path="../appendix/issues.html">
<a href="../appendix/issues.html">
<b>9.6.</b>
问题记录
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-changelog.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-changelog.html">
<b>9.7.</b>
Kubernetes 版本更新日志
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7.1" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-1.7-changelog.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-1.7-changelog.html">
<b>9.7.1.</b>
Kubernetes1.7 更新日志
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7.2" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-1.8-changelog.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-1.8-changelog.html">
<b>9.7.2.</b>
Kubernetes1.8 更新日志
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7.3" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-1.9-changelog.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-1.9-changelog.html">
<b>9.7.3.</b>
Kubernetes1.9 更新日志
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7.4" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-1.10-changelog.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-1.10-changelog.html">
<b>9.7.4.</b>
Kubernetes1.10 更新日志
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7.5" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-1.11-changelog.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-1.11-changelog.html">
<b>9.7.5.</b>
Kubernetes1.11 更新日志
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7.6" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-1.12-changelog.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-1.12-changelog.html">
<b>9.7.6.</b>
Kubernetes1.12 更新日志
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7.7" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-1.13-changelog.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-1.13-changelog.html">
<b>9.7.7.</b>
Kubernetes1.13 更新日志
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7.8" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-1.14-changelog.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-1.14-changelog.html">
<b>9.7.8.</b>
Kubernetes1.14 更新日志
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.7.9" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-1.15-changelog.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-1.15-changelog.html">
<b>9.7.9.</b>
Kubernetes1.15 更新日志
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.8" data-path="../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html">
<a href="../appendix/summary-and-outlook.html">
<b>9.8.</b>
Kubernetes 及云原生年度总结及展望
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.8.1" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2017-and-outlook-for-2018.html">
<b>9.8.1.</b>
Kubernetes 与云原生 2017 年年终总结及 2018 年展望
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.8.2" data-path="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2018-and-outlook-for-2019.html">
<a href="../appendix/kubernetes-and-cloud-native-summary-in-2018-and-outlook-for-2019.html">
<b>9.8.2.</b>
Kubernetes 与云原生 2018 年年终总结及 2019 年展望
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.9" data-path="../appendix/cncf-annual-report.html">
<a href="../appendix/cncf-annual-report.html">
<b>9.9.</b>
CNCF 年度报告解读
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.9.1" data-path="../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2018.html">
<a href="../appendix/cncf-annual-report-2018.html">
<b>9.9.1.</b>
CNCF 2018 年年度报告解读
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.10" data-path="../appendix/about-kcsp.html">
<a href="../appendix/about-kcsp.html">
<b>9.10.</b>
Kubernetes 认证服务提供商（KCSP）说明
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="9.11" data-path="../appendix/about-cka-candidate.html">
<a href="../appendix/about-cka-candidate.html">
<b>9.11.</b>
认证 Kubernetes 管理员（CKA）说明
</a>
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li>
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<a href=".." >Kubernetes 中的网络解析 —— 以 flannel 为例</a>
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<h1 id="kubernetes&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x2014;&#x2014;&#x4EE5;flannel&#x4E3A;&#x4F8B;">Kubernetes&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x2014;&#x2014;&#x4EE5;flannel&#x4E3A;&#x4F8B;</h1>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5F53;&#x521D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<a href="https://github.com/rootsongjc/kubernetes-vagrant-centos-cluster" target="_blank">kubernetes-vagrant-centos-cluster</a>&#x5B89;&#x88C5;&#x4E86;&#x62E5;&#x6709;&#x4E09;&#x4E2A;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7684;kubernetes&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#xFF0C;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7684;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x6240;&#x8FF0;&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@node1 ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># kubectl get nodes -o wide</span>
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME
node1 Ready <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>none<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> 2d v1.9.1 <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>none<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> CentOS Linux <span class="token number">7</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Core<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token number">3.10</span>.0-693.11.6.el7.x86_64 docker://1.12.6
node2 Ready <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>none<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> 2d v1.9.1 <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>none<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> CentOS Linux <span class="token number">7</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Core<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token number">3.10</span>.0-693.11.6.el7.x86_64 docker://1.12.6
node3 Ready <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>none<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> 2d v1.9.1 <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>none<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> CentOS Linux <span class="token number">7</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Core<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token number">3.10</span>.0-693.11.6.el7.x86_64 docker://1.12.6
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x524D;Kubernetes&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x4E2D;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;Pod&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@node1 ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide</span>
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
kube-system coredns-5984fb8cbb-sjqv9 <span class="token number">1</span>/1 Running <span class="token number">0</span> 1h <span class="token number">172.33</span>.68.2 node1
kube-system coredns-5984fb8cbb-tkfrc <span class="token number">1</span>/1 Running <span class="token number">1</span> 1h <span class="token number">172.33</span>.96.3 node3
kube-system heapster-v1.5.0-684c7f9488-z6sdz <span class="token number">4</span>/4 Running <span class="token number">0</span> 1h <span class="token number">172.33</span>.31.3 node2
kube-system kubernetes-dashboard-6b66b8b96c-mnm2c <span class="token number">1</span>/1 Running <span class="token number">0</span> 1h <span class="token number">172.33</span>.31.2 node2
kube-system monitoring-influxdb-grafana-v4-54b7854697-tw9cd <span class="token number">2</span>/2 Running <span class="token number">2</span> 1h <span class="token number">172.33</span>.96.2 node3
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x524D;etcd&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x6CE8;&#x518C;&#x7684;&#x5BBF;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x7684;pod&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x7F51;&#x6BB5;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@node1 ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># etcdctl ls /kube-centos/network/subnets</span>
/kube-centos/network/subnets/172.33.68.0-24
/kube-centos/network/subnets/172.33.31.0-24
/kube-centos/network/subnets/172.33.96.0-24
</code></pre>
<p>&#x800C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;node&#x4E0A;&#x7684;Pod&#x5B50;&#x7F51;&#x662F;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5728;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;flannel&#x65F6;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6765;&#x5212;&#x5206;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;etcd&#x4E2D;&#x67E5;&#x770B;&#x8BE5;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@node1 ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># etcdctl get /kube-centos/network/config</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;Network&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span><span class="token string">&quot;172.33.0.0/16&quot;</span>,<span class="token string">&quot;SubnetLen&quot;</span>:24,<span class="token string">&quot;Backend&quot;</span>:<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;Type&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span><span class="token string">&quot;host-gw&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x77E5;&#x9053;Kubernetes&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x4E09;&#x7C7B;IP&#xFF0C;&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x662F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>Node IP&#xFF1A;&#x5BBF;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x7684;IP&#x5730;&#x5740;</li>
<li>Pod IP&#xFF1A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x63D2;&#x4EF6;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7684;IP&#xFF08;&#x5982;flannel&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x8DE8;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x7684;Pod&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4E92;&#x901A;</li>
<li>Cluster IP&#xFF1A;&#x865A;&#x62DF;IP&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;iptables&#x89C4;&#x5219;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x670D;&#x52A1;</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x5728;&#x5B89;&#x88C5;node&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF0C;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x662F;&#x6309;&#x7167;flannel -&gt; docker -&gt; kubelet -&gt; kube-proxy&#x7684;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x4E5F;&#x4F1A;&#x6309;&#x7167;&#x8BE5;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x6765;&#x8BB2;&#x89E3;&#xFF0C;flannel&#x7684;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x5212;&#x5206;&#x548C;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x4E0E;docker&#x4EA4;&#x4E92;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;iptables&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;service&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="flannel">Flannel</h3>
<p>Flannel&#x662F;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4E8C;&#x8FDB;&#x5236;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x90E8;&#x7F72;&#x5728;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;node&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>&#x4E3A;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;node&#x5206;&#x914D;subnet&#xFF0C;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5C06;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x4ECE;&#x8BE5;&#x5B50;&#x7F51;&#x4E2D;&#x83B7;&#x53D6;IP&#x5730;&#x5740;</li>
<li>&#x5F53;&#x6709;node&#x52A0;&#x5165;&#x5230;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x4E2D;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x4E3A;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;node&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x662F;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>host-gw</code> backend&#x7684;flannel&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#x56FE;&#xFF1A;</p>
<figure id="fig3.2.1.1"><a href="../images/flannel-networking.png" data-lightbox="3f416b12-af11-4f22-965f-d1e6c2ee96b6" data-title="flannel&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#xFF08;&#x56FE;&#x7247;&#x6765;&#x81EA;openshift&#xFF09;"><img src="../images/flannel-networking.png" alt="flannel&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#xFF08;&#x56FE;&#x7247;&#x6765;&#x81EA;openshift&#xFF09;"></a><figcaption>&#x56FE; 3.2.1.1&#xFF1A;flannel&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x67B6;&#x6784;&#xFF08;&#x56FE;&#x7247;&#x6765;&#x81EA;openshift&#xFF09;</figcaption></figure>
<p><strong>&#x6CE8;&#x610F;</strong>&#xFF1A;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;IP&#x975E;&#x672C;&#x793A;&#x4F8B;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;IP&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x8BFB;&#x8005;&#x7406;&#x89E3;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Node1&#x4E0A;&#x7684;flannel&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;:</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@node1 ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Unit<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">Description</span><span class="token operator">=</span>Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
<span class="token assign-left variable">After</span><span class="token operator">=</span>network.target
<span class="token assign-left variable">After</span><span class="token operator">=</span>network-online.target
<span class="token assign-left variable">Wants</span><span class="token operator">=</span>network-online.target
<span class="token assign-left variable">After</span><span class="token operator">=</span>etcd.service
<span class="token assign-left variable">Before</span><span class="token operator">=</span>docker.service
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Service<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">Type</span><span class="token operator">=</span>notify
<span class="token assign-left variable">EnvironmentFile</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/etc/sysconfig/flanneld
<span class="token assign-left variable">EnvironmentFile</span><span class="token operator">=</span>-/etc/sysconfig/docker-network
<span class="token assign-left variable">ExecStart</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/usr/bin/flanneld-start <span class="token variable">$FLANNEL_OPTIONS</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">ExecStartPost</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/usr/libexec/flannel/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/docker
<span class="token assign-left variable">Restart</span><span class="token operator">=</span>on-failure
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Install<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">WantedBy</span><span class="token operator">=</span>multi-user.target
<span class="token assign-left variable">RequiredBy</span><span class="token operator">=</span>docker.service
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x6709;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@node1 ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># cat /etc/sysconfig/flanneld</span>
<span class="token comment"># Flanneld configuration options</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;http://172.17.8.101:2379&quot;</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;/kube-centos/network&quot;</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">FLANNEL_OPTIONS</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;-iface=eth2&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4EC5;&#x4F9B;flanneld&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@node1 ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># cat /etc/sysconfig/docker-network</span>
<span class="token comment"># /etc/sysconfig/docker-network</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS</span><span class="token operator">=</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD8;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/flannel/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/docker</code>&#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;<code>/usr/libexec/flannel/mk-docker-opts.sh</code>&#x811A;&#x672C;&#x662F;&#x5728;flanneld&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x540E;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#xFF0C;&#x5C06;&#x4F1A;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF1A;</p>
<ul>
<li>/run/flannel/docker</li>
<li>/run/flannel/subnet.env</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x518D;&#x6765;&#x770B;&#x4E0B;<code>/run/flannel/docker</code>&#x7684;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@node1 ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># cat /run/flannel/docker</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">DOCKER_OPT_BIP</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;--bip=172.33.68.1/24&quot;</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">DOCKER_OPT_IPMASQ</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;--ip-masq=true&quot;</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">DOCKER_OPT_MTU</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot;--mtu=1500&quot;</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">&quot; --bip=172.33.68.1/24 --ip-masq=true --mtu=1500&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F60;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>systemctl</code>&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x5148;&#x542F;&#x52A8;flannel&#x540E;&#x542F;&#x52A8;docker&#x7684;&#x8BDD;&#xFF0C;docker&#x5C06;&#x4F1A;&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x518D;&#x6765;&#x770B;&#x4E0B;<code>/run/flannel/subnet.env</code>&#x7684;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@node1 ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># cat /run/flannel/subnet.env</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">FLANNEL_NETWORK</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">172.33</span>.0.0/16
<span class="token assign-left variable">FLANNEL_SUBNET</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">172.33</span>.68.1/24
<span class="token assign-left variable">FLANNEL_MTU</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1500</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">FLANNEL_IPMASQ</span><span class="token operator">=</span>false
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x662F;flannel&#x5411;etcd&#x4E2D;&#x6CE8;&#x518C;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<h3 id="docker">Docker</h3>
<p>Node1&#x7684;docker&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@node1 ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Unit<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">Description</span><span class="token operator">=</span>Docker Application Container Engine
<span class="token assign-left variable">Documentation</span><span class="token operator">=</span>http://docs.docker.com
<span class="token assign-left variable">After</span><span class="token operator">=</span>network.target rhel-push-plugin.socket registries.service
<span class="token assign-left variable">Wants</span><span class="token operator">=</span>docker-storage-setup.service
<span class="token assign-left variable">Requires</span><span class="token operator">=</span>docker-cleanup.timer
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Service<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">Type</span><span class="token operator">=</span>notify
<span class="token assign-left variable">NotifyAccess</span><span class="token operator">=</span>all
<span class="token assign-left variable">EnvironmentFile</span><span class="token operator">=</span>-/run/containers/registries.conf
<span class="token assign-left variable">EnvironmentFile</span><span class="token operator">=</span>-/etc/sysconfig/docker
<span class="token assign-left variable">EnvironmentFile</span><span class="token operator">=</span>-/etc/sysconfig/docker-storage
<span class="token assign-left variable">EnvironmentFile</span><span class="token operator">=</span>-/etc/sysconfig/docker-network
<span class="token assign-left variable">Environment</span><span class="token operator">=</span>GOTRACEBACK<span class="token operator">=</span>crash
<span class="token assign-left variable">Environment</span><span class="token operator">=</span>DOCKER_HTTP_HOST_COMPAT<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">Environment</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/usr/libexec/docker:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
<span class="token assign-left variable">ExecStart</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/usr/bin/dockerd-current <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
--add-runtime docker-runc<span class="token operator">=</span>/usr/libexec/docker/docker-runc-current <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
--default-runtime<span class="token operator">=</span>docker-runc <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
--exec-opt native.cgroupdriver<span class="token operator">=</span>systemd <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
--userland-proxy-path<span class="token operator">=</span>/usr/libexec/docker/docker-proxy-current <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
<span class="token variable">$OPTIONS</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
<span class="token variable">$DOCKER_STORAGE_OPTIONS</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
<span class="token variable">$DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
<span class="token variable">$ADD_REGISTRY</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
<span class="token variable">$BLOCK_REGISTRY</span> <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
<span class="token variable">$INSECURE_REGISTRY</span><span class="token punctuation">\</span>
<span class="token variable">$REGISTRIES</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">ExecReload</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/bin/kill -s HUP <span class="token variable">$MAINPID</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">LimitNOFILE</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1048576</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">LimitNPROC</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1048576</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">LimitCORE</span><span class="token operator">=</span>infinity
<span class="token assign-left variable">TimeoutStartSec</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">Restart</span><span class="token operator">=</span>on-abnormal
<span class="token assign-left variable">MountFlags</span><span class="token operator">=</span>slave
<span class="token assign-left variable">KillMode</span><span class="token operator">=</span>process
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Install<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">WantedBy</span><span class="token operator">=</span>multi-user.target
</code></pre>
<p>&#x67E5;&#x770B;Node1&#x4E0A;&#x7684;docker&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@node1 ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># systemctl status -l docker</span>
&#x25CF; docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded <span class="token punctuation">(</span>/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service<span class="token punctuation">;</span> enabled<span class="token punctuation">;</span> vendor preset: disabled<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.d
&#x2514;&#x2500;flannel.conf
Active: active <span class="token punctuation">(</span>running<span class="token punctuation">)</span> since Fri <span class="token number">2018</span>-02-02 <span class="token number">22</span>:52:43 CST<span class="token punctuation">;</span> 2h 28min ago
Docs: http://docs.docker.com
Main PID: <span class="token number">4334</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>dockerd-current<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
&#x2023; <span class="token number">4334</span> /usr/bin/dockerd-current --add-runtime docker-runc<span class="token operator">=</span>/usr/libexec/docker/docker-runc-current --default-runtime<span class="token operator">=</span>docker-runc --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver<span class="token operator">=</span>systemd --userland-proxy-path<span class="token operator">=</span>/usr/libexec/docker/docker-proxy-current --selinux-enabled --log-driver<span class="token operator">=</span>journald --signature-verification<span class="token operator">=</span>false --bip<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">172.33</span>.68.1/24 --ip-masq<span class="token operator">=</span>true --mtu<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1500</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x5728;docker&#x5728;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x65F6;&#x6709;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF1A;<code>--bip=172.33.68.1/24 --ip-masq=true --mtu=1500</code>&#x3002;&#x4E0A;&#x8FF0;&#x53C2;&#x6570;flannel&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x65F6;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x811A;&#x672C;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x8FC7;&#x6765;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x67E5;&#x770B;&#x4E0B;node1&#x5BBF;&#x4E3B;&#x673A;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@node1 ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ip addr</span>
<span class="token number">1</span>: lo: <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> mtu <span class="token number">65536</span> qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen <span class="token number">1</span>
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet <span class="token number">127.0</span>.0.1/8 scope <span class="token function">host</span> lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope <span class="token function">host</span>
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
<span class="token number">2</span>: eth0: <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> mtu <span class="token number">1500</span> qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen <span class="token number">1000</span>
link/ether <span class="token number">52</span>:54:00:00:57:32 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet <span class="token number">10.0</span>.2.15/24 brd <span class="token number">10.0</span>.2.255 scope global dynamic eth0
valid_lft 85095sec preferred_lft 85095sec
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe00:5732/64 scope <span class="token function">link</span>
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
<span class="token number">3</span>: eth1: <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> mtu <span class="token number">1500</span> qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen <span class="token number">1000</span>
link/ether 08:00:27:7b:0f:b1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet <span class="token number">172.17</span>.8.101/24 brd <span class="token number">172.17</span>.8.255 scope global eth1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
<span class="token number">4</span>: eth2: <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> mtu <span class="token number">1500</span> qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen <span class="token number">1000</span>
link/ether 08:00:27:ef:25:06 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet <span class="token number">172.30</span>.113.231/21 brd <span class="token number">172.30</span>.119.255 scope global dynamic eth2
valid_lft 85096sec preferred_lft 85096sec
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:feef:2506/64 scope <span class="token function">link</span>
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
<span class="token number">5</span>: docker0: <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> mtu <span class="token number">1500</span> qdisc noqueue state UP
link/ether 02:42:d0:ae:80:ea brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet <span class="token number">172.33</span>.68.1/24 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:d0ff:feae:80ea/64 scope <span class="token function">link</span>
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
<span class="token number">7</span>: veth295bef2@if6: <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> mtu <span class="token number">1500</span> qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP
link/ether 6a:72:d7:9f:29:19 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid <span class="token number">0</span>
inet6 fe80::6872:d7ff:fe9f:2919/64 scope <span class="token function">link</span>
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5206;&#x7C7B;&#x6765;&#x89E3;&#x91CA;&#x4E0B;&#x8BE5;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x673A;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x3002;</p>
<ul>
<li>lo&#xFF1A;&#x56DE;&#x73AF;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#xFF0C;127.0.0.1</li>
<li>eth0&#xFF1A;NAT&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#xFF0C;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x673A;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x65F6;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x5206;&#x914D;&#xFF0C;&#x4EC5;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x51E0;&#x53F0;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x673A;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;</li>
<li>eth1&#xFF1A;bridge&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;vagrant&#x5206;&#x914D;&#x7ED9;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x673A;&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#xFF0C;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x673A;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x548C;&#x672C;&#x5730;&#x7535;&#x8111;&#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;</li>
<li>eth2&#xFF1A;bridge&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;DHCP&#x5206;&#x914D;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x4E92;&#x8054;&#x7F51;&#x7684;&#x7F51;&#x5361;</li>
<li>docker0&#xFF1A;bridge&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#xFF0C;docker&#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x7F51;&#x5361;&#xFF0C;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x8BE5;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x4E0A;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x4EA4;&#x6362;&#x673A;</li>
<li>veth295bef2@if6&#xFF1A;veth pair&#xFF0C;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;docker0&#x548C;Pod&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x3002;veth pair&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7406;&#x89E3;&#x4E3A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7F51;&#x7EBF;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#xFF0C;&#x628A;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#x653E;&#x5230;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;namespace&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x8FD9;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;namespace&#x5C31;&#x80FD;&#x6253;&#x901A;&#x3002;&#x53C2;&#x8003;<a href="http://cizixs.com/2017/02/10/network-virtualization-network-namespace" target="_blank">linux &#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x5316;&#xFF1A; network namespace &#x7B80;&#x4ECB;</a>&#x3002;</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x518D;&#x770B;&#x4E0B;&#x8BE5;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x7684;docker&#x4E0A;&#x6709;&#x54EA;&#x4E9B;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@node1 ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># docker network ls</span>
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
940bb75e653b bridge bridge <span class="token builtin class-name">local</span>
d94c046e105d <span class="token function">host</span> <span class="token function">host</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">local</span>
2db7597fd546 none null <span class="token builtin class-name">local</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x518D;&#x68C0;&#x67E5;&#x4E0B;bridge&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;<code>940bb75e653b</code>&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@node1 ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># docker network inspect 940bb75e653b</span>
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;Name&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bridge&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;Id&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;940bb75e653bfa10dab4cce8813c2b3ce17501e4e4935f7dc13805a61b732d2c&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;Scope&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;local&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;Driver&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;bridge&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;EnableIPv6&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> false,
<span class="token string">&quot;IPAM&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;Driver&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;default&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;Options&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> null,
<span class="token string">&quot;Config&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;Subnet&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;172.33.68.1/24&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;Gateway&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;172.33.68.1&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;Internal&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> false,
<span class="token string">&quot;Containers&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;944d4aa660e30e1be9a18d30c9dcfa3b0504d1e5dbd00f3004b76582f1c9a85b&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;Name&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;k8s_POD_coredns-5984fb8cbb-sjqv9_kube-system_c5a2e959-082a-11e8-b4cd-525400005732_0&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;EndpointID&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;7397d7282e464fc4ec5756d6b328df889cdf46134dbbe3753517e175d3844a85&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;MacAddress&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;02:42:ac:21:44:02&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;IPv4Address&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;172.33.68.2/24&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;IPv6Address&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;Options&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;com.docker.network.bridge.default_bridge&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;true&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;com.docker.network.bridge.enable_icc&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;true&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;com.docker.network.bridge.enable_ip_masquerade&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;true&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;com.docker.network.bridge.host_binding_ipv4&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;0.0.0.0&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;com.docker.network.bridge.name&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;docker0&quot;</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;com.docker.network.driver.mtu&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;1500&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>,
<span class="token string">&quot;Labels&quot;</span><span class="token builtin class-name">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x8BE5;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;<code>Config</code>&#x4E0E;docker&#x7684;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x76F8;&#x7B26;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Node1&#x4E0A;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@node1 ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># docker ps</span>
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a37407a234dd docker.io/coredns/coredns@sha256:adf2e5b4504ef9ffa43f16010bd064273338759e92f6f616dd159115748799bc <span class="token string">&quot;/coredns -conf /etc/&quot;</span> About an hour ago Up About an hour k8s_coredns_coredns-5984fb8cbb-sjqv9_kube-system_c5a2e959-082a-11e8-b4cd-525400005732_0
944d4aa660e3 docker.io/openshift/origin-pod <span class="token string">&quot;/usr/bin/pod&quot;</span> About an hour ago Up About an hour k8s_POD_coredns-5984fb8cbb-sjqv9_kube-system_c5a2e959-082a-11e8-b4cd-525400005732_0
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x6709;2&#x4E2A;&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#x5728;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x3002;</p>
<p>Node1&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@node1 ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># route -n</span>
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
<span class="token number">0.0</span>.0.0 <span class="token number">10.0</span>.2.2 <span class="token number">0.0</span>.0.0 UG <span class="token number">100</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> eth0
<span class="token number">0.0</span>.0.0 <span class="token number">172.30</span>.116.1 <span class="token number">0.0</span>.0.0 UG <span class="token number">101</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> eth2
<span class="token number">10.0</span>.2.0 <span class="token number">0.0</span>.0.0 <span class="token number">255.255</span>.255.0 U <span class="token number">100</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> eth0
<span class="token number">172.17</span>.8.0 <span class="token number">0.0</span>.0.0 <span class="token number">255.255</span>.255.0 U <span class="token number">100</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> eth1
<span class="token number">172.30</span>.112.0 <span class="token number">0.0</span>.0.0 <span class="token number">255.255</span>.248.0 U <span class="token number">100</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> eth2
<span class="token number">172.33</span>.68.0 <span class="token number">0.0</span>.0.0 <span class="token number">255.255</span>.255.0 U <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> docker0
<span class="token number">172.33</span>.96.0 <span class="token number">172.30</span>.118.65 <span class="token number">255.255</span>.255.0 UG <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> eth2
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x662F;&#x7531;flannel&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x6709;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x52A0;&#x5165;&#x5230;Kubernetes&#x96C6;&#x7FA4;&#x4E2D;&#x540E;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x8868;&#x90FD;&#x5C06;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5728;node&#x4E0A;&#x6765;<code>traceroute</code>&#x4E0B;node3&#x4E0A;&#x7684;<code>coredns-5984fb8cbb-tkfrc</code>&#x5BB9;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x5176;IP&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x662F;<code>172.33.96.3</code>&#xFF0C;&#x770B;&#x770B;&#x5176;&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@node1 ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># traceroute 172.33.96.3</span>
<span class="token function">traceroute</span> to <span class="token number">172.33</span>.96.3 <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">172.33</span>.96.3<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, <span class="token number">30</span> hops max, <span class="token number">60</span> byte packets
<span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token number">172.30</span>.118.65 <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">172.30</span>.118.65<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token number">0.518</span> ms <span class="token number">0.367</span> ms <span class="token number">0.398</span> ms
<span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token number">172.33</span>.96.3 <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">172.33</span>.96.3<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token number">0.451</span> ms <span class="token number">0.352</span> ms <span class="token number">0.223</span> ms
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x7ECF;&#x8FC7;node3&#x7684;&#x516C;&#x7F51;IP&#x540E;&#x5C31;&#x5230;&#x8FBE;&#x4E86;node3&#x8282;&#x70B9;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;Pod&#x3002;</p>
<p>Node1&#x7684;iptables&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-bash"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@node1 ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># iptables -L</span>
Chain INPUT <span class="token punctuation">(</span>policy ACCEPT<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
target prot opt <span class="token builtin class-name">source</span> destination
KUBE-FIREWALL all -- anywhere anywhere
KUBE-SERVICES all -- anywhere anywhere /* kubernetes <span class="token function">service</span> portals */
Chain FORWARD <span class="token punctuation">(</span>policy ACCEPT<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
target prot opt <span class="token builtin class-name">source</span> destination
KUBE-FORWARD all -- anywhere anywhere /* kubernetes forward rules */
DOCKER-ISOLATION all -- anywhere anywhere
DOCKER all -- anywhere anywhere
ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere
ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere
Chain OUTPUT <span class="token punctuation">(</span>policy ACCEPT<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
target prot opt <span class="token builtin class-name">source</span> destination
KUBE-FIREWALL all -- anywhere anywhere
KUBE-SERVICES all -- anywhere anywhere /* kubernetes <span class="token function">service</span> portals */
Chain DOCKER <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span> references<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
target prot opt <span class="token builtin class-name">source</span> destination
Chain DOCKER-ISOLATION <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span> references<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
target prot opt <span class="token builtin class-name">source</span> destination
RETURN all -- anywhere anywhere
Chain KUBE-FIREWALL <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span> references<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
target prot opt <span class="token builtin class-name">source</span> destination
DROP all -- anywhere anywhere /* kubernetes firewall <span class="token keyword">for</span> dropping marked packets */ mark match 0x8000/0x8000
Chain KUBE-FORWARD <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span> references<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
target prot opt <span class="token builtin class-name">source</span> destination
ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere /* kubernetes forwarding rules */ mark match 0x4000/0x4000
ACCEPT all -- <span class="token number">10.254</span>.0.0/16 anywhere /* kubernetes forwarding conntrack pod <span class="token builtin class-name">source</span> rule */ ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
ACCEPT all -- anywhere <span class="token number">10.254</span>.0.0/16 /* kubernetes forwarding conntrack pod destination rule */ ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
Chain KUBE-SERVICES <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span> references<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
target prot opt <span class="token builtin class-name">source</span> destination
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4ECE;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;iptables&#x4E2D;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x6CE8;&#x5165;&#x4E86;&#x5F88;&#x591A;Kuberentes service&#x7684;&#x89C4;&#x5219;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="&#x53C2;&#x8003;">&#x53C2;&#x8003;</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/coreos/flannel" target="_blank">coreos/flannel - github.com</a></li>
<li><a href="http://cizixs.com/2017/02/10/network-virtualization-network-namespace" target="_blank">linux &#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x5316;&#xFF1A; network namespace &#x7B80;&#x4ECB;</a></li>
<li><a href="https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000009251098" target="_blank">Linux&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x4E4B;veth</a></li>
<li><a href="http://hustcat.github.io/flannel-host-gw-network/" target="_blank">flannel host-gw network</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.openshift.com/container-platform/3.4/architecture/additional_concepts/flannel.html" target="_blank">flannel - openshift.com</a></li>
</ul>
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