kubernetes-handbook/practice/dashboard-addon-installatio...

222 lines
7.7 KiB
Markdown
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters!

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters that may be confused with others in your current locale. If your use case is intentional and legitimate, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to highlight these characters.

# 安装dashboard插件
> 注意本文档中安装的是kubernetes dashboard v1.6.0安装新版的dashboard请参考[升级dashboard](dashboard-upgrade.md)。
官方文件目录https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons/dashboard
我们使用的文件如下:
``` bash
$ ls *.yaml
dashboard-controller.yaml dashboard-service.yaml dashboard-rbac.yaml
```
已经修改好的 yaml 文件见:[../manifests/dashboard](https://github.com/rootsongjc/kubernetes-handbook/blob/master/manifests/dashboard)
文件中的kubernetes-dashboard-amd64镜像为本地镜像地址需要修改为对应的镜像地址和版本
kubernetes 1.7.11 可以使用此镜像地址: registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/haitao/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.7.0 替换 dashboard-controller.yaml 文件中的镜像地址
由于 `kube-apiserver` 启用了 `RBAC` 授权,而官方源码目录的 `dashboard-controller.yaml` 没有定义授权的 ServiceAccount所以后续访问 API server 的 API 时会被拒绝web中提示
```
Forbidden (403)
User "system:serviceaccount:kube-system:default" cannot list jobs.batch in the namespace "default". (get jobs.batch)
```
增加了一个`dashboard-rbac.yaml`文件,定义一个名为 dashboard 的 ServiceAccount然后将它和 Cluster Role view 绑定,如下:
```yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: dashboard
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: dashboard
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: dashboard
namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
```
然后使用`kubectl apply -f dashboard-rbac.yaml`创建。
## 配置dashboard-service
``` bash
$ diff dashboard-service.yaml.orig dashboard-service.yaml
10a11
> type: NodePort
```
+ 指定端口类型为 NodePort这样外界可以通过地址 nodeIP:nodePort 访问 dashboard
## 配置dashboard-controller
``` bash
$ diff dashboard-controller.yaml.orig dashboard-controller.yaml
23c23
< image: gcr.io/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.6.0
---
> image: harbor-001.jimmysong.io/library/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.6.0
```
## 执行所有定义文件
``` bash
$ pwd
/root/kubernetes/cluster/addons/dashboard
$ ls *.yaml
dashboard-controller.yaml dashboard-service.yaml
$ kubectl create -f .
service "kubernetes-dashboard" created
deployment "kubernetes-dashboard" created
```
## 检查执行结果
查看分配的 NodePort
``` bash
$ kubectl get services kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system
NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes-dashboard 10.254.224.130 <nodes> 80:30312/TCP 25s
```
+ NodePort 30312映射到 dashboard pod 80端口
检查 controller
``` bash
$ kubectl get deployment kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
kubernetes-dashboard 1 1 1 1 3m
$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system | grep dashboard
kubernetes-dashboard-1339745653-pmn6z 1/1 Running 0 4m
```
## 访问dashboard
有以下三种方式:
- kubernetes-dashboard 服务暴露了 NodePort可以使用 `http://NodeIP:nodePort` 地址访问 dashboard
- 通过 API server 访问 dashboardhttps 6443端口和http 8080端口方式
- 通过 kubectl proxy 访问 dashboard
### 通过 kubectl proxy 访问 dashboard
启动代理
``` bash
$ kubectl proxy --address='172.20.0.113' --port=8086 --accept-hosts='^*$'
Starting to serve on 172.20.0.113:8086
```
+ 需要指定 `--accept-hosts` 选项,否则浏览器访问 dashboard 页面时提示 “Unauthorized”
浏览器访问 URLhttp://172.20.0.113:8086/ui
自动跳转到http://172.20.0.113:8086/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard/#/workload?namespace=default
### 通过 API server 访问dashboard
获取集群服务地址列表
``` bash
$ kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes master is running at https://172.20.0.113:6443
KubeDNS is running at https://172.20.0.113:6443/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns
kubernetes-dashboard is running at https://172.20.0.113:6443/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard
```
浏览器访问 URL<https://172.20.0.113:6443/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard>(浏览器会提示证书验证,因为通过加密通道,以改方式访问的话,需要提前导入证书到你的计算机中)。这是我当时在这遇到的坑:[通过 kube-apiserver 访问dashboard提示User "system:anonymous" cannot proxy services in the namespace "kube-system". #5](https://github.com/opsnull/follow-me-install-kubernetes-cluster/issues/5),已经解决。
**导入证书**
将生成的admin.pem证书转换格式
```bash
openssl pkcs12 -export -in admin.pem -out admin.p12 -inkey admin-key.pem
```
将生成的`admin.p12`证书导入的你的电脑,导出的时候记住你设置的密码,导入的时候还要用到。
如果你不想使用**https**的话可以直接访问insecure port 8080端口<http://172.20.0.113:8080/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard>
![kubernetes dashboard](../images/kubernetes-dashboard-raw.jpg)
由于缺少 Heapster 插件,当前 dashboard 不能展示 Pod、Nodes 的 CPU、内存等 metric 图形。
### 更新
Kubernetes 1.6 版本的 dashboard 的镜像已经到了 v1.6.3 版本,我们可以使用下面的方式更新。
修改 `dashboard-controller.yaml` 文件中的镜像的版本将 `v1.6.0` 更改为 `v1.6.3`
```yaml
image: harbor-001.jimmysong.io/library/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.6.3
```
然后执行下面的命令:
```bash
kubectl apply -f dashboard-controller.yaml
```
即可在线更新 dashboard 的版本。
监听 dashboard Pod 的状态可以看到:
```bash
kubernetes-dashboard-215087767-2jsgd 0/1 Pending 0 0s
kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 1/1 Terminating 0 1d
kubernetes-dashboard-215087767-2jsgd 0/1 Pending 0 0s
kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 1/1 Terminating 0 1d
kubernetes-dashboard-215087767-2jsgd 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s
kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 0/1 Terminating 0 1d
kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 0/1 Terminating 0 1d
kubernetes-dashboard-215087767-2jsgd 1/1 Running 0 6s
kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 0/1 Terminating 0 1d
kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 0/1 Terminating 0 1d
kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 0/1 Terminating 0 1d
```
新的 Pod 的启动了,旧的 Pod 被终结了。
Dashboard 的访问地址不变,重新访问 <http://172.20.0.113:8080/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard>,可以看到新版的界面:
![V1.6.3版本的dashboard界面](../images/dashboard-v163.jpg)
新版本中最大的变化是增加了进入容器内部的入口,可以在页面上进入到容器内部操作,同时又增加了一个搜索框。
关于如何将dashboard从1.6版本升级到1.7版本请参考[升级dashboard](dashboard-upgrade.md)。
## 问题
1. 按照教程安装后发现dashboard pod 无法启动
```
kubectl -n kube-system describe pod dashboard-xxxxxxx
```
![pod无法正常启动](../images/dashboard-addon-installation001.png)
可以尝试删除所有相关“资源”再重试一次secret、serviceaccount、service、pod、deployment
## 参考
- [WebUI(Dashboard) 文档](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard/)