222 lines
7.7 KiB
Markdown
222 lines
7.7 KiB
Markdown
# 安装dashboard插件
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> 注意:本文档中安装的是kubernetes dashboard v1.6.0,安装新版的dashboard请参考[升级dashboard](dashboard-upgrade.md)。
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官方文件目录:https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/cluster/addons/dashboard
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我们使用的文件如下:
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``` bash
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$ ls *.yaml
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dashboard-controller.yaml dashboard-service.yaml dashboard-rbac.yaml
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```
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已经修改好的 yaml 文件见:[../manifests/dashboard](https://github.com/rootsongjc/kubernetes-handbook/blob/master/manifests/dashboard)
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文件中的kubernetes-dashboard-amd64镜像为本地镜像地址需要修改为对应的镜像地址和版本:
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kubernetes 1.7.11 可以使用此镜像地址: registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/haitao/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.7.0 替换 dashboard-controller.yaml 文件中的镜像地址
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由于 `kube-apiserver` 启用了 `RBAC` 授权,而官方源码目录的 `dashboard-controller.yaml` 没有定义授权的 ServiceAccount,所以后续访问 API server 的 API 时会被拒绝,web中提示:
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```
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Forbidden (403)
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User "system:serviceaccount:kube-system:default" cannot list jobs.batch in the namespace "default". (get jobs.batch)
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```
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增加了一个`dashboard-rbac.yaml`文件,定义一个名为 dashboard 的 ServiceAccount,然后将它和 Cluster Role view 绑定,如下:
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```yaml
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: ServiceAccount
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metadata:
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name: dashboard
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namespace: kube-system
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---
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kind: ClusterRoleBinding
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apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
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metadata:
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name: dashboard
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subjects:
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- kind: ServiceAccount
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name: dashboard
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namespace: kube-system
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roleRef:
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kind: ClusterRole
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name: cluster-admin
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apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
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```
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然后使用`kubectl apply -f dashboard-rbac.yaml`创建。
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## 配置dashboard-service
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``` bash
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$ diff dashboard-service.yaml.orig dashboard-service.yaml
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10a11
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> type: NodePort
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```
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+ 指定端口类型为 NodePort,这样外界可以通过地址 nodeIP:nodePort 访问 dashboard;
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## 配置dashboard-controller
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``` bash
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$ diff dashboard-controller.yaml.orig dashboard-controller.yaml
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23c23
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< image: gcr.io/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.6.0
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---
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> image: harbor-001.jimmysong.io/library/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.6.0
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```
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## 执行所有定义文件
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``` bash
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$ pwd
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/root/kubernetes/cluster/addons/dashboard
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$ ls *.yaml
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dashboard-controller.yaml dashboard-service.yaml
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$ kubectl create -f .
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service "kubernetes-dashboard" created
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deployment "kubernetes-dashboard" created
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```
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## 检查执行结果
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查看分配的 NodePort
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``` bash
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$ kubectl get services kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system
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NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
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kubernetes-dashboard 10.254.224.130 <nodes> 80:30312/TCP 25s
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```
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+ NodePort 30312映射到 dashboard pod 80端口;
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检查 controller
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``` bash
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$ kubectl get deployment kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system
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NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
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kubernetes-dashboard 1 1 1 1 3m
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$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system | grep dashboard
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kubernetes-dashboard-1339745653-pmn6z 1/1 Running 0 4m
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```
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## 访问dashboard
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有以下三种方式:
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- kubernetes-dashboard 服务暴露了 NodePort,可以使用 `http://NodeIP:nodePort` 地址访问 dashboard
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- 通过 API server 访问 dashboard(https 6443端口和http 8080端口方式)
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- 通过 kubectl proxy 访问 dashboard
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### 通过 kubectl proxy 访问 dashboard
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启动代理
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``` bash
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$ kubectl proxy --address='172.20.0.113' --port=8086 --accept-hosts='^*$'
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Starting to serve on 172.20.0.113:8086
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```
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+ 需要指定 `--accept-hosts` 选项,否则浏览器访问 dashboard 页面时提示 “Unauthorized”;
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浏览器访问 URL:http://172.20.0.113:8086/ui
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自动跳转到:http://172.20.0.113:8086/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard/#/workload?namespace=default
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### 通过 API server 访问dashboard
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获取集群服务地址列表
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``` bash
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$ kubectl cluster-info
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Kubernetes master is running at https://172.20.0.113:6443
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KubeDNS is running at https://172.20.0.113:6443/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns
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kubernetes-dashboard is running at https://172.20.0.113:6443/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard
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```
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浏览器访问 URL:<https://172.20.0.113:6443/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard>(浏览器会提示证书验证,因为通过加密通道,以改方式访问的话,需要提前导入证书到你的计算机中)。这是我当时在这遇到的坑:[通过 kube-apiserver 访问dashboard,提示User "system:anonymous" cannot proxy services in the namespace "kube-system". #5](https://github.com/opsnull/follow-me-install-kubernetes-cluster/issues/5),已经解决。
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**导入证书**
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将生成的admin.pem证书转换格式
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```bash
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openssl pkcs12 -export -in admin.pem -out admin.p12 -inkey admin-key.pem
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```
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将生成的`admin.p12`证书导入的你的电脑,导出的时候记住你设置的密码,导入的时候还要用到。
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如果你不想使用**https**的话,可以直接访问insecure port 8080端口:<http://172.20.0.113:8080/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard>
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![kubernetes dashboard](../images/kubernetes-dashboard-raw.jpg)
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由于缺少 Heapster 插件,当前 dashboard 不能展示 Pod、Nodes 的 CPU、内存等 metric 图形。
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### 更新
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Kubernetes 1.6 版本的 dashboard 的镜像已经到了 v1.6.3 版本,我们可以使用下面的方式更新。
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修改 `dashboard-controller.yaml` 文件中的镜像的版本将 `v1.6.0` 更改为 `v1.6.3`。
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```yaml
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image: harbor-001.jimmysong.io/library/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.6.3
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```
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然后执行下面的命令:
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```bash
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kubectl apply -f dashboard-controller.yaml
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```
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即可在线更新 dashboard 的版本。
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监听 dashboard Pod 的状态可以看到:
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```bash
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kubernetes-dashboard-215087767-2jsgd 0/1 Pending 0 0s
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kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 1/1 Terminating 0 1d
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kubernetes-dashboard-215087767-2jsgd 0/1 Pending 0 0s
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kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 1/1 Terminating 0 1d
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kubernetes-dashboard-215087767-2jsgd 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s
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kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 0/1 Terminating 0 1d
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kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 0/1 Terminating 0 1d
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kubernetes-dashboard-215087767-2jsgd 1/1 Running 0 6s
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kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 0/1 Terminating 0 1d
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kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 0/1 Terminating 0 1d
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kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 0/1 Terminating 0 1d
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```
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新的 Pod 的启动了,旧的 Pod 被终结了。
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Dashboard 的访问地址不变,重新访问 <http://172.20.0.113:8080/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard>,可以看到新版的界面:
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![V1.6.3版本的dashboard界面](../images/dashboard-v163.jpg)
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新版本中最大的变化是增加了进入容器内部的入口,可以在页面上进入到容器内部操作,同时又增加了一个搜索框。
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关于如何将dashboard从1.6版本升级到1.7版本请参考[升级dashboard](dashboard-upgrade.md)。
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## 问题
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1. 按照教程安装后,发现dashboard pod 无法启动
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```
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kubectl -n kube-system describe pod dashboard-xxxxxxx
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```
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![pod无法正常启动](../images/dashboard-addon-installation001.png)
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可以尝试删除所有相关“资源”再重试一次,如:secret、serviceaccount、service、pod、deployment
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## 参考
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- [WebUI(Dashboard) 文档](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard/) |