6.5 KiB
集群及应用监控
在前面的安装heapster插件章节,我们已经谈到Kubernetes本身提供了监控插件作为集群和容器监控的选择,但是在实际使用中,因为种种原因,再考虑到跟我们自身的监控系统集成,我们准备重新造轮子。
容器的命名规则
首先我们需要清楚使用cAdvisor收集的数据的格式和字段信息。
当我们通过cAdvisor获取到了容器的信息后,例如访问${NODE_IP}:4194/api/v1.3/docker
获取的json结果中的某个容器包含如下字段:
"labels": {
"annotation.io.kubernetes.container.hash": "f47f0602",
"annotation.io.kubernetes.container.ports": "[{\"containerPort\":80,\"protocol\":\"TCP\"}]",
"annotation.io.kubernetes.container.restartCount": "0",
"annotation.io.kubernetes.container.terminationMessagePath": "/dev/termination-log",
"annotation.io.kubernetes.container.terminationMessagePolicy": "File",
"annotation.io.kubernetes.pod.terminationGracePeriod": "30",
"io.kubernetes.container.logpath": "/var/log/pods/d8a2e995-3617-11e7-a4b0-ecf4bbe5d414/php-redis_0.log",
"io.kubernetes.container.name": "php-redis",
"io.kubernetes.docker.type": "container",
"io.kubernetes.pod.name": "frontend-2337258262-771lz",
"io.kubernetes.pod.namespace": "default",
"io.kubernetes.pod.uid": "d8a2e995-3617-11e7-a4b0-ecf4bbe5d414",
"io.kubernetes.sandbox.id": "843a0f018c0cef2a5451434713ea3f409f0debc2101d2264227e814ca0745677"
},
这些信息其实都是kubernetes创建容器时给docker container打的Labels
,使用docker inspect $conainer_name
命令同样可以看到上述信息。
你是否想过这些label跟容器的名字有什么关系?当你在node节点上执行docker ps
看到的容器名字又对应哪个应用的Pod呢?
在kubernetes代码中pkg/kubelet/dockertools/docker.go中的BuildDockerName方法定义了容器的名称规范。
这段容器名称定义代码如下:
// Creates a name which can be reversed to identify both full pod name and container name.
// This function returns stable name, unique name and a unique id.
// Although rand.Uint32() is not really unique, but it's enough for us because error will
// only occur when instances of the same container in the same pod have the same UID. The
// chance is really slim.
func BuildDockerName(dockerName KubeletContainerName, container *v1.Container) (string, string, string) {
containerName := dockerName.ContainerName + "." + strconv.FormatUint(kubecontainer.HashContainerLegacy(container), 16)
stableName := fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s_%s_%s",
containerNamePrefix,
containerName,
dockerName.PodFullName,
dockerName.PodUID)
UID := fmt.Sprintf("%08x", rand.Uint32())
return stableName, fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", stableName, UID), UID
}
// Unpacks a container name, returning the pod full name and container name we would have used to
// construct the docker name. If we are unable to parse the name, an error is returned.
func ParseDockerName(name string) (dockerName *KubeletContainerName, hash uint64, err error) {
// For some reason docker appears to be appending '/' to names.
// If it's there, strip it.
name = strings.TrimPrefix(name, "/")
parts := strings.Split(name, "_")
if len(parts) == 0 || parts[0] != containerNamePrefix {
err = fmt.Errorf("failed to parse Docker container name %q into parts", name)
return nil, 0, err
}
if len(parts) < 6 {
// We have at least 5 fields. We may have more in the future.
// Anything with less fields than this is not something we can
// manage.
glog.Warningf("found a container with the %q prefix, but too few fields (%d): %q", containerNamePrefix, len(parts), name)
err = fmt.Errorf("Docker container name %q has less parts than expected %v", name, parts)
return nil, 0, err
}
nameParts := strings.Split(parts[1], ".")
containerName := nameParts[0]
if len(nameParts) > 1 {
hash, err = strconv.ParseUint(nameParts[1], 16, 32)
if err != nil {
glog.Warningf("invalid container hash %q in container %q", nameParts[1], name)
}
}
podFullName := parts[2] + "_" + parts[3]
podUID := types.UID(parts[4])
return &KubeletContainerName{podFullName, podUID, containerName}, hash, nil
}
我们可以看到容器名称中包含如下几个字段,中间用下划线隔开,至少有6个字段,未来可能添加更多字段。
下面的是四个基本字段。
containerNamePrefix_containerName_PodFullName_PodUID
所有kubernetes启动的容器的containerNamePrefix都是k8s。
Kubernetes启动的docker容器的容器名称规范,下面以官方示例guestbook为例,Deployment 名为 frontend中启动的名为php-redis的docker容器的副本书为3。
Deployment frontend的配置如下:
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: frontend
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: guestbook
tier: frontend
spec:
containers:
- name: php-redis
image: bj-xg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/gb-frontend:v4
resources:
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 100Mi
env:
- name: GET_HOSTS_FROM
value: dns
ports:
- containerPort: 80
我们选取三个实例中的一个运行php-redis的docker容器。
k8s_php-redis_frontend-2337258262-154p7_default_d8a2e2dd-3617-11e7-a4b0-ecf4bbe5d414_0
- containerNamePrefix:k8s
- containerName:php-redis
- podFullName:frontend-2337258262-154p7
- computeHash:154p7
- deploymentName:frontend
- replicaSetName:frontend-2337258262
- namespace:default
- podUID:d8a2e2dd-3617-11e7-a4b0-ecf4bbe5d414
kubernetes容器命名规则解析,见下图所示。
Heapster
Heapster是kubernetes官方提供的监控方案,我们在前面的章节中已经讲解了如何部署和使用heapster,见安装Heapster插件。
但是Grafana显示的指标只根据Namespace和Pod两层来分类,实在有些单薄,我们希望通过应用的label增加service这一层分类。架构图如下:
在不改变原有架构的基础上,通过应用的label来区分不同应用的pod。