kubernetes-handbook/practice/monitor.md

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集群及应用监控

在前面的安装heapster插件章节我们已经谈到Kubernetes本身提供了监控插件作为集群和容器监控的选择但是在实际使用中因为种种原因再考虑到跟我们自身的监控系统集成我们准备重新造轮子。

容器的命名规则

首先我们需要清楚使用cAdvisor收集的数据的格式和字段信息。

当我们通过cAdvisor获取到了容器的信息后例如访问${NODE_IP}:4194/api/v1.3/docker获取的json结果中的某个容器包含如下字段

        "labels": {
            "annotation.io.kubernetes.container.hash": "f47f0602", 
            "annotation.io.kubernetes.container.ports": "[{\"containerPort\":80,\"protocol\":\"TCP\"}]", 
            "annotation.io.kubernetes.container.restartCount": "0", 
            "annotation.io.kubernetes.container.terminationMessagePath": "/dev/termination-log", 
            "annotation.io.kubernetes.container.terminationMessagePolicy": "File", 
            "annotation.io.kubernetes.pod.terminationGracePeriod": "30", 
            "io.kubernetes.container.logpath": "/var/log/pods/d8a2e995-3617-11e7-a4b0-ecf4bbe5d414/php-redis_0.log", 
            "io.kubernetes.container.name": "php-redis", 
            "io.kubernetes.docker.type": "container", 
            "io.kubernetes.pod.name": "frontend-2337258262-771lz", 
            "io.kubernetes.pod.namespace": "default", 
            "io.kubernetes.pod.uid": "d8a2e995-3617-11e7-a4b0-ecf4bbe5d414", 
            "io.kubernetes.sandbox.id": "843a0f018c0cef2a5451434713ea3f409f0debc2101d2264227e814ca0745677"
        },

这些信息其实都是kubernetes创建容器时给docker container打的Labels,使用docker inspect $conainer_name命令同样可以看到上述信息。

你是否想过这些label跟容器的名字有什么关系当你在node节点上执行docker ps看到的容器名字又对应哪个应用的Pod呢

在kubernetes代码中pkg/kubelet/dockertools/docker.go中的BuildDockerName方法定义了容器的名称规范。

这段容器名称定义代码如下:

// Creates a name which can be reversed to identify both full pod name and container name.
// This function returns stable name, unique name and a unique id.
// Although rand.Uint32() is not really unique, but it's enough for us because error will
// only occur when instances of the same container in the same pod have the same UID. The
// chance is really slim.
func BuildDockerName(dockerName KubeletContainerName, container *v1.Container) (string, string, string) {
	containerName := dockerName.ContainerName + "." + strconv.FormatUint(kubecontainer.HashContainerLegacy(container), 16)
	stableName := fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s_%s_%s",
		containerNamePrefix,
		containerName,
		dockerName.PodFullName,
		dockerName.PodUID)
	UID := fmt.Sprintf("%08x", rand.Uint32())
	return stableName, fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", stableName, UID), UID
}

// Unpacks a container name, returning the pod full name and container name we would have used to
// construct the docker name. If we are unable to parse the name, an error is returned.
func ParseDockerName(name string) (dockerName *KubeletContainerName, hash uint64, err error) {
	// For some reason docker appears to be appending '/' to names.
	// If it's there, strip it.
	name = strings.TrimPrefix(name, "/")
	parts := strings.Split(name, "_")
	if len(parts) == 0 || parts[0] != containerNamePrefix {
		err = fmt.Errorf("failed to parse Docker container name %q into parts", name)
		return nil, 0, err
	}
	if len(parts) < 6 {
		// We have at least 5 fields.  We may have more in the future.
		// Anything with less fields than this is not something we can
		// manage.
		glog.Warningf("found a container with the %q prefix, but too few fields (%d): %q", containerNamePrefix, len(parts), name)
		err = fmt.Errorf("Docker container name %q has less parts than expected %v", name, parts)
		return nil, 0, err
	}

	nameParts := strings.Split(parts[1], ".")
	containerName := nameParts[0]
	if len(nameParts) > 1 {
		hash, err = strconv.ParseUint(nameParts[1], 16, 32)
		if err != nil {
			glog.Warningf("invalid container hash %q in container %q", nameParts[1], name)
		}
	}

	podFullName := parts[2] + "_" + parts[3]
	podUID := types.UID(parts[4])

	return &KubeletContainerName{podFullName, podUID, containerName}, hash, nil
}

我们可以看到容器名称中包含如下几个字段中间用下划线隔开至少有6个字段未来可能添加更多字段。

下面的是四个基本字段。

containerNamePrefix_containerName_PodFullName_PodUID

所有kubernetes启动的容器的containerNamePrefix都是k8s。

Kubernetes启动的docker容器的容器名称规范下面以官方示例guestbook为例Deployment 名为 frontend中启动的名为php-redis的docker容器的副本书为3。

Deployment frontend的配置如下

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: frontend
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: guestbook
        tier: frontend
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: php-redis
        image: bj-xg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/gb-frontend:v4
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
        env:
        - name: GET_HOSTS_FROM
          value: dns
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

我们选取三个实例中的一个运行php-redis的docker容器。

k8s_php-redis_frontend-2337258262-154p7_default_d8a2e2dd-3617-11e7-a4b0-ecf4bbe5d414_0
  • containerNamePrefixk8s
  • containerNamephp-redis
  • podFullNamefrontend-2337258262-154p7
  • computeHash154p7
  • deploymentNamefrontend
  • replicaSetNamefrontend-2337258262
  • namespacedefault
  • podUIDd8a2e2dd-3617-11e7-a4b0-ecf4bbe5d414

kubernetes容器命名规则解析见下图所示。

kubernetes的容器命名规则示意图

Heapster

Heapster是kubernetes官方提供的监控方案我们在前面的章节中已经讲解了如何部署和使用heapster安装Heapster插件

但是Grafana显示的指标只根据Namespace和Pod两层来分类实在有些单薄我们希望通过应用的label增加service这一层分类。架构图如下

Heapster架构图(改进版)

在不改变原有架构的基础上通过应用的label来区分不同应用的pod。