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序言
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1. Kubernetes与云原生应用概览
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2. 概念原理
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2.1 设计理念
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2.2 Objects
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2.2.1 Pod
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2.2.1.1 Pod解析
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2.2.1.2 Init容器
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2.2.1.3 Pod安全策略
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2.2.1.4 Pod的生命周期
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2.2.2 Node
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2.2.3 Namespace
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2.2.4 Service
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2.2.5 Volume和Persistent Volume
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2.2.6 Deployment
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2.2.7 Secret
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2.2.8 StatefulSet
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2.2.9 DaemonSet
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2.2.10 ServiceAccount
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2.2.11 ReplicationController和ReplicaSet
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2.2.12 Job
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2.2.13 CronJob
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2.2.14 Ingress
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2.2.15 ConfigMap
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2.2.16 Horizontal Pod Autoscaling
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2.2.17 Label
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2.2.18 垃圾收集
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2.2.19 NetworkPolicy
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3. 用户指南
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3.1 资源对象配置
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3.1.1 配置Pod的liveness和readiness探针
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3.1.2 配置Pod的Service Account
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3.1.3 Secret配置
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3.2.3 管理namespace中的资源配额
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3.2 命令使用
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3.2.1 使用kubectl
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3.2.2 docker用户过度到kubectl命令行指南
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3.3 集群安全性管理
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3.3.1 管理集群中的TLS
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3.3.2 kubelet的认证授权
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3.3.3 TLS bootstrap
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3.3.4 kubectl的用户认证授权
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3.3.5 RBAC——基于角色的访问控制
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3.3.6 IP伪装代理
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3.4 访问 Kubernetes 集群
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3.4.1 访问集群
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3.4.2 使用 kubeconfig 文件配置跨集群认证
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3.4.3 通过端口转发访问集群中的应用程序
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3.4.4 使用 service 访问群集中的应用程序
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3.5 在kubernetes中开发部署应用
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3.5.1 适用于kubernetes的应用开发部署流程
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3.5.2 迁移传统应用到kubernetes中——以Hadoop YARN为例
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3.5.3 使用StatefulSet部署用状态应用
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4. 最佳实践
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4.1 在CentOS上部署kubernetes1.6集群
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4.1.1 创建TLS证书和秘钥
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.1.2" data-path = "create-kubeconfig.html" >
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4.1.2 创建kubeconfig文件
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.1.3" data-path = "etcd-cluster-installation.html" >
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< a href = "etcd-cluster-installation.html" >
4.1.3 创建高可用etcd集群
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.1.4" data-path = "kubectl-installation.html" >
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< a href = "kubectl-installation.html" >
4.1.4 安装kubectl命令行工具
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.1.5" data-path = "master-installation.html" >
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< a href = "master-installation.html" >
4.1.5 部署master节点
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.1.6" data-path = "node-installation.html" >
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< a href = "node-installation.html" >
4.1.6 部署node节点
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.1.7" data-path = "kubedns-addon-installation.html" >
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< a href = "kubedns-addon-installation.html" >
4.1.7 安装kubedns插件
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter active" data-level = "1.5.1.8" data-path = "dashboard-addon-installation.html" >
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< a href = "dashboard-addon-installation.html" >
4.1.8 安装dashboard插件
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.1.9" data-path = "heapster-addon-installation.html" >
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< a href = "heapster-addon-installation.html" >
4.1.9 安装heapster插件
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.1.10" data-path = "efk-addon-installation.html" >
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< a href = "efk-addon-installation.html" >
4.1.10 安装EFK插件
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4.2 服务发现与负载均衡
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< a href = "traefik-ingress-installation.html" >
4.2.1 安装Traefik ingress
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.2.2" data-path = "distributed-load-test.html" >
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< a href = "distributed-load-test.html" >
4.2.2 分布式负载测试
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.2.3" data-path = "network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html" >
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< a href = "network-and-cluster-perfermance-test.html" >
4.2.3 网络和集群性能测试
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.2.4" data-path = "edge-node-configuration.html" >
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< a href = "edge-node-configuration.html" >
4.2.4 边缘节点配置
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< a href = "operation.html" >
4.3 运维管理
< / a >
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< a href = "service-rolling-update.html" >
4.3.1 服务滚动升级
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.3.2" data-path = "app-log-collection.html" >
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< a href = "app-log-collection.html" >
4.3.2 应用日志收集
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.3.3" data-path = "configuration-best-practice.html" >
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< a href = "configuration-best-practice.html" >
4.3.3 配置最佳实践
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.3.4" data-path = "monitor.html" >
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< a href = "monitor.html" >
4.3.4 集群及应用监控
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.3.5" data-path = "jenkins-ci-cd.html" >
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< a href = "jenkins-ci-cd.html" >
4.3.5 使用Jenkins进行持续构建与发布
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.3.6" data-path = "data-persistence-problem.html" >
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< a href = "data-persistence-problem.html" >
4.3.6 数据持久化问题
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.3.7" data-path = "manage-compute-resources-container.html" >
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< a href = "manage-compute-resources-container.html" >
4.3.7 管理容器的计算资源
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.3.8" data-path = "using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
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< a href = "using-prometheus-to-monitor-kuberentes-cluster.html" >
4.3.8 使用Prometheus监控kubernetes集群
< / a >
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.3.9" data-path = "using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html" >
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< a href = "using-heapster-to-get-object-metrics.html" >
4.3.9 使用Heapster获取集群和对象的metric数据
< / a >
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< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.3.10" data-path = "manually-upgrade.html" >
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< a href = "manually-upgrade.html" >
4.3.10 手动集群升级
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< a href = "storage.html" >
4.4 存储管理
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.4.1" data-path = "glusterfs.html" >
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< a href = "glusterfs.html" >
4.4.1 GlusterFS
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.4.1.1" data-path = "using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
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< a href = "using-glusterfs-for-persistent-storage.html" >
4.4.1.1 使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.4.1.2" data-path = "storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
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< a href = "storage-for-containers-using-glusterfs-with-openshift.html" >
4.4.1.2 在OpenShift中使用GlusterFS做持久化存储
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.4.2" data-path = "cephfs.html" >
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< a href = "cephfs.html" >
4.4.2 CephFS
< / a >
< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.4.2.1" data-path = "using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html" >
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< a href = "using-ceph-for-persistent-storage.html" >
4.4.2.1 使用Ceph做持久化存储
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.5" data-path = "services-management-tool.html" >
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< a href = "services-management-tool.html" >
4.5 服务编排管理
< / a >
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< ul class = "articles" >
< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.5.5.1" data-path = "helm.html" >
< a href = "helm.html" >
4.5.1 Helm
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6" data-path = "../usecases/" >
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< a href = "../usecases/" >
5. 领域应用
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5.1 微服务架构
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.1.1" data-path = "../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/service-discovery-in-microservices.html" >
5.1.1 微服务中的服务发现
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.2" data-path = "../usecases/service-mesh.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/service-mesh.html" >
5.2 Service Mesh 服务网格
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< ul class = "articles" >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/istio.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/istio.html" >
5.1.1 Istio
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.2.1.1" data-path = "../usecases/istio-installation.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/istio-installation.html" >
5.1.1.1 安装istio
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.2.1.2" data-path = "../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/configuring-request-routing.html" >
5.1.1.2 配置请求的路由规则
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.2.2" data-path = "../usecases/linkerd.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/linkerd.html" >
5.1.2 Linkerd
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.2.2.1" data-path = "../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/linkerd-user-guide.html" >
5.1.2.1 Linkerd 使用指南
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.3" data-path = "../usecases/big-data.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/big-data.html" >
5.2 大数据
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.3.1" data-path = "../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/spark-standalone-on-kubernetes.html" >
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5.2.1 Spark standalone on Kubernetes
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.3.2" data-path = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/running-spark-with-kubernetes-native-scheduler.html" >
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5.2.2 运行支持kubernetes原生调度的Spark程序
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.6.4" data-path = "../usecases/serverless.html" >
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< a href = "../usecases/serverless.html" >
5.3 Serverless架构
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.7" data-path = "../develop/" >
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< a href = "../develop/" >
6. 开发指南
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< a href = "../develop/developing-environment.html" >
6.1 开发环境搭建
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.7.2" data-path = "../develop/testing.html" >
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< a href = "../develop/testing.html" >
6.2 单元测试和集成测试
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.7.3" data-path = "../develop/client-go-sample.html" >
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< a href = "../develop/client-go-sample.html" >
6.3 client-go示例
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.7.4" data-path = "../develop/contribute.html" >
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< a href = "../develop/contribute.html" >
6.4 社区贡献
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.8" data-path = "../appendix/" >
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< a href = "../appendix/" >
7. 附录
< / a >
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.8.1" data-path = "../appendix/docker-best-practice.html" >
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< a href = "../appendix/docker-best-practice.html" >
7.1 Docker最佳实践
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.8.2" data-path = "../appendix/issues.html" >
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< a href = "../appendix/issues.html" >
7.2 问题记录
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.8.3" data-path = "../appendix/tricks.html" >
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< a href = "../appendix/tricks.html" >
7.3 使用技巧
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.8.4" data-path = "../appendix/debug-kubernetes-services.html" >
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7.4 kubernetes service中的故障排查
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< li class = "chapter " data-level = "1.8.5" data-path = "../appendix/material-share.html" >
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< a href = "../appendix/material-share.html" >
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7.5 Kubernetes相关资讯和情报链接
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< li class = "divider" > < / li >
< li >
< a href = "https://www.gitbook.com" target = "blank" class = "gitbook-link" >
2017-09-19 22:01:07 +08:00
本书使用 GitBook 发布
2017-08-21 17:44:43 +08:00
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< div class = "book-body" >
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< div class = "book-header" role = "navigation" >
<!-- Title -->
< h1 >
< i class = "fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin" > < / i >
< a href = ".." > 4.1.8 安装dashboard插件< / a >
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< div class = "page-wrapper" tabindex = "-1" role = "main" >
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< section class = "normal markdown-section" >
< h1 id = "安装dashboard插件" > 安 装 dashboard插 件 < / h1 >
< p > 官 方 文 件 目 录 ： < code > kubernetes/cluster/addons/dashboard< / code > < / p >
< p > 我 们 使 用 的 文 件 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ ls *.yaml
dashboard-controller.yaml dashboard-service.yaml dashboard-rbac.yaml
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > 已 经 修 改 好 的 yaml 文 件 见 ： < a href = "https://github.com/rootsongjc/kubernetes-handbook/blob/master/manifests/dashboard" target = "_blank" > ../manifests/dashboard< / a > < / p >
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< p > 由 于 < code > kube-apiserver< / code > 启 用 了 < code > RBAC< / code > 授 权 ， 而 官 方 源 码 目 录 的 < code > dashboard-controller.yaml< / code > 没 有 定 义 授 权 的 ServiceAccount， 所 以 后 续 访 问 < code > kube-apiserver< / code > 的 API 时 会 被 拒 绝 ， web中 提 示 ： < / p >
< pre > < code > Forbidden (403)
User " system:serviceaccount:kube-system:default" cannot list jobs.batch in the namespace " default" . (get jobs.batch)
< / code > < / pre > < p > 增 加 了 一 个 < code > dashboard-rbac.yaml< / code > 文 件 ， 定 义 一 个 名 为 dashboard 的 ServiceAccount， 然 后 将 它 和 Cluster Role view 绑 定 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "配置dashboard-service" > 配 置 dashboard-service< / h2 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ diff dashboard-service.yaml.orig dashboard-service.yaml
10a11
> < span class = "hljs-built_in" > type< / span > : NodePort
< / code > < / pre >
< ul >
< li > 指 定 端 口 类 型 为 NodePort， 这 样 外 界 可 以 通 过 地 址 nodeIP:nodePort 访 问 dashboard； < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "配置dashboard-controller" > 配 置 dashboard-controller< / h2 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ diff dashboard-controller.yaml.orig dashboard-controller.yaml
23c23
< image: gcr.io/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.6.0
---
> image: sz-pg-oam-docker-hub-001.tendcloud.com/library/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.6.0
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "执行所有定义文件" > 执 行 所 有 定 义 文 件 < / h2 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ < span class = "hljs-built_in" > pwd< / span >
/root/kubernetes/cluster/addons/dashboard
$ ls *.yaml
dashboard-controller.yaml dashboard-service.yaml
$ kubectl create < span class = "hljs-_" > -f< / span > .
service < span class = "hljs-string" > " kubernetes-dashboard" < / span > created
deployment < span class = "hljs-string" > " kubernetes-dashboard" < / span > created
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "检查执行结果" > 检 查 执 行 结 果 < / h2 >
< p > 查 看 分 配 的 NodePort< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl get services kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system
NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes-dashboard 10.254.224.130 < nodes> 80:30312/TCP 25s
< / code > < / pre >
< ul >
< li > NodePort 30312映 射 到 dashboard pod 80端 口 ； < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 检 查 controller< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl get deployment kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
kubernetes-dashboard 1 1 1 1 3m
$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system | grep dashboard
kubernetes-dashboard-1339745653-pmn6z 1/1 Running 0 4m
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "访问dashboard" > 访 问 dashboard< / h2 >
< p > 有 以 下 三 种 方 式 ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > kubernetes-dashboard 服 务 暴 露 了 NodePort， 可 以 使 用 < code > http://NodeIP:nodePort< / code > 地 址 访 问 dashboard； < / li >
< li > 通 过 kube-apiserver 访 问 dashboard（ https 6443端 口 和 http 8080端 口 方 式 ） ； < / li >
< li > 通 过 kubectl proxy 访 问 dashboard： < / li >
< / ul >
< h3 id = "通过-kubectl-proxy-访问-dashboard" > 通 过 kubectl proxy 访 问 dashboard< / h3 >
< p > 启 动 代 理 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl proxy --address=< span class = "hljs-string" > ' 172.20.0.113' < / span > --port=8086 --accept-hosts=< span class = "hljs-string" > ' ^*$' < / span >
Starting to serve on 172.20.0.113:8086
< / code > < / pre >
< ul >
< li > 需 要 指 定 < code > --accept-hosts< / code > 选 项 ， 否 则 浏 览 器 访 问 dashboard 页 面 时 提 示 “ Unauthorized” ； < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 浏 览 器 访 问 URL： < code > http://172.20.0.113:8086/ui< / code >
自 动 跳 转 到 ： < code > http://172.20.0.113:8086/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard/#/workload?namespace=default< / code > < / p >
< h3 id = "通过-kube-apiserver-访问dashboard" > 通 过 kube-apiserver 访 问 dashboard< / h3 >
< p > 获 取 集 群 服 务 地 址 列 表 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > $ kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes master is running at https://172.20.0.113:6443
KubeDNS is running at https://172.20.0.113:6443/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns
kubernetes-dashboard is running at https://172.20.0.113:6443/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 浏 览 器 访 问 URL： < code > https://172.20.0.113:6443/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard< / code > （ 浏 览 器 会 提 示 证 书 验 证 ， 因 为 通 过 加 密 通 道 ， 以 改 方 式 访 问 的 话 ， 需 要 提 前 导 入 证 书 到 你 的 计 算 机 中 ） 。 这 是 我 当 时 在 这 遇 到 的 坑 ： < a href = "https://github.com/opsnull/follow-me-install-kubernetes-cluster/issues/5" target = "_blank" > 通 过 kube-apiserver 访 问 dashboard， 提 示 User " system:anonymous" cannot proxy services in the namespace " kube-system" . #5< / a > ， 已 经 解 决 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 导 入 证 书 < / strong > < / p >
< p > 将 生 成 的 admin.pem证 书 转 换 格 式 < / p >
< pre > < code > openssl pkcs12 -export -in admin.pem -out admin.p12 -inkey admin-key.pem
< / code > < / pre > < p > 将 生 成 的 < code > admin.p12< / code > 证 书 导 入 的 你 的 电 脑 ， 导 出 的 时 候 记 住 你 设 置 的 密 码 ， 导 入 的 时 候 还 要 用 到 。 < / p >
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< p > 如 果 你 不 想 使 用 < strong > https< / strong > 的 话 ， 可 以 直 接 访 问 insecure port 8080端 口 ： < a href = "http://172.20.0.113:8080/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard" target = "_blank" > http://172.20.0.113:8080/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard< / a > < / p >
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< figure id = "fig1.5.1.8.1" > < img src = "http://olz1di9xf.bkt.clouddn.com/kubernetes-dashboard-raw.jpg" alt = "kubernetes-dashboard" > < figcaption > 图 片 - kubernetes-dashboard< / figcaption > < / figure >
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< p > 由 于 缺 少 Heapster 插 件 ， 当 前 dashboard 不 能 展 示 Pod、 Nodes 的 CPU、 内 存 等 metric 图 形 。 < / p >
< p > < strong > 更 新 < / strong > < / p >
< p > Kubernetes 1.6 版 本 的 dashboard 的 镜 像 已 经 到 了 v1.6.3 版 本 ， 我 们 可 以 使 用 下 面 的 方 式 更 新 。 < / p >
< p > 修 改 < code > dashboard-controller.yaml< / code > 文 件 中 的 镜 像 的 版 本 将 < code > v1.6.0< / code > 更 改 为 < code > v1.6.3< / code > 。 < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-yaml" > < span class = "hljs-attr" > image:< / span > sz-pg-oam-docker-hub< span class = "hljs-bullet" > -001.< / span > tendcloud.com/library/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1< span class = "hljs-number" > .6< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > .3< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 然 后 执 行 下 面 的 命 令 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > kubectl apply < span class = "hljs-_" > -f< / span > dashboard-controller.yaml
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 即 可 在 线 更 新 dashboard 的 版 本 。 < / p >
< p > 监 听 dashboard Pod 的 状 态 可 以 看 到 ： < / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-bash" > kubernetes-dashboard-215087767-2jsgd 0/1 Pending 0 0s
kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 1/1 Terminating 0 1d
kubernetes-dashboard-215087767-2jsgd 0/1 Pending 0 0s
kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 1/1 Terminating 0 1d
kubernetes-dashboard-215087767-2jsgd 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s
kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 0/1 Terminating 0 1d
kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 0/1 Terminating 0 1d
kubernetes-dashboard-215087767-2jsgd 1/1 Running 0 6s
kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 0/1 Terminating 0 1d
kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 0/1 Terminating 0 1d
kubernetes-dashboard-3966630548-0jj1j 0/1 Terminating 0 1d
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 新 的 Pod 的 启 动 了 ， 旧 的 Pod 被 终 结 了 。 < / p >
< p > Dashboard 的 访 问 地 址 不 变 ， 重 新 访 问 < a href = "http://172.20.0.113:8080/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard" target = "_blank" > http://172.20.0.113:8080/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/kubernetes-dashboard< / a > ， 可 以 看 到 新 版 的 界 面 ： < / p >
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< figure id = "fig1.5.1.8.2" > < img src = "../images/dashboard-v163.jpg" alt = "V1.6.3版本的dashboard界面" > < figcaption > 图 片 - V1.6.3版 本 的 dashboard界 面 < / figcaption > < / figure >
2017-10-10 16:09:50 +08:00
< p > 新 版 本 中 最 大 的 变 化 是 增 加 了 进 入 容 器 内 部 的 入 口 ， 可 以 在 页 面 上 进 入 到 容 器 内 部 操 作 ， 同 时 又 增 加 了 一 个 搜 索 框 。 < / p >
< h2 id = "参考" > 参 考 < / h2 >
< p > < a href = "https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard/" target = "_blank" > WebUI(Dashboard) 文 档 < / a > < / p >
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