Steps taken:
1) add generator code to torch_ods_gen.py, run update_torch_ods.sh
2) add (custom) shape and type inference generator code to
abstract_interp_lib_gen.py, run update_abstract_interp_lib.sh
3) Implement lowering to tensor.collapse_dims. Requires the `start` and
`end` values to be constant, else lowering fails
4) Update xfail_sets.py (append to LTC_XFAIL_SET) after running
/tools/e2e_test.sh --filter Collapse --verbose -c XX for all support
backends (XX).
Motivation:
- Supporting the collapse operation will be useful for lowering of
pixel_shuffle (see Issue #2559)
For static tests (that is when the shape is know) for example:
```
@annotate_args([None, ([3, 18, 2, 2], torch.float32, True)])
```
The e2e passes. But only if the replacement op's return type is set as
undefined (optional shape and type must be explicitly made unset),
otherwise there's a error about the function return type.
For dynamic cases, for example if the above is replaced with
```
@annotate_args([None, ([-1, -1, -1, -1], torch.float32, True)])
```
There is a failure to lower to linalg from torch ("view op explicitly
labelled as illegal"). This seems to be because the support for lowering
from torch to linalg with dynamic shapes is limited.
This is a first step towards the structure we discussed here:
https://gist.github.com/stellaraccident/931b068aaf7fa56f34069426740ebf20
There are two primary goals:
1. Separate the core project (C++ dialects and conversions) from the
hard PyTorch dependencies. We move all such things into projects/pt1 as
a starting point since they are presently entangled with PT1-era APIs.
Additional work can be done to disentangle components from that
(specifically LTC is identified as likely ultimately living in a
`projects/ltc`).
2. Create space for native PyTorch2 Dynamo-based infra to be upstreamed
without needing to co-exist with the original TorchScript path.
Very little changes in this path with respect to build layering or
options. These can be updated in a followup without commingling
directory structure changes.
This also takes steps toward a couple of other layering enhancements:
* Removes the llvm-external-projects/torch-mlir-dialects sub-project,
collapsing it into the main tree.
* Audits and fixes up the core C++ build to account for issues found
while moving things. This is just an opportunistic pass through but
roughly ~halves the number of build actions for the project from the
high 4000's to the low 2000's.
It deviates from the discussed plan by having a `projects/` tree instead
of `compat/`. As I was thinking about it, this will better accommodate
the follow-on code movement.
Once things are roughly in place and the CI passing, followups will
focus on more in-situ fixes and cleanups.
Attempt to solve https://github.com/llvm/torch-mlir/issues/2490
Changes for Non Value Semantic Ops having the
`IsTrailingUnderscoreInplaceVariant` trait :
- AnyTorchTensorType -> Torch_NonValueTensorType
- AnyTorchOptionalTensorType -> AnyTorchOptionalNonValueTensorType
- AnyTorchListOfOptionalTensorType ->
AnyTorchListOfOptionalNonValueTensorType
- AnyTorchListOfTensorType -> AnyTorchListOfNonValueTensorType
Created three new tensor types for optional and list non value tensors.
Add aten.isclose op
Add its torch-to-tosa lowering
Update the TorchToTosa/basic.mlir tests
To test e2e tosa lowering:
`python -m e2e_testing.main -v -c=tosa`
---------
Co-authored-by: Ze Zhang <ze.zhang@getcruise.com>
Add aten.unflatten.int op
Add its torch-to-tosa lowering
Update the TorchToTosa/basic.mlir tests
To test e2e tosa lowering:
`python -m e2e_testing.main -v -c=tosa`
---------
Co-authored-by: Ze Zhang <ze.zhang@getcruise.com>
Add linspace/cumprod/roll ops to ODS and add shape inference functions
to make it work with LTC.
Also, add some tensor utils to LTC library for searching for non-detach
copy nodes.
When importing dynamic shaped programs from Dynamo, via torch.compile or
torch.export, we can assume that strict symbolic shape checks have been
done prior to generating torch IR. Among other shape checking, this
eliminates the case where an unknown dimension can be dynamically '1' in
a way that signals a broadcast.
Adds a `isAssumingStrictSymbolicShapes` utility which consults a
`torch.assume_strict_symbolic_shapes` attribute on an enclosing scope
and returns true if present.
In the linalg pipeline, many runtime checks are elided when this returns
true.
Making the same PR with #2457, as I accidentally thought the review was already made and merged it (reverted).
Add decompose empty_strided op.
Referring to #1776, this decomposition op only supports default stride values, because accessing the tensor or indexing over that, the indices are determined by the strides.
In MLIR, this is not implicitly supported but assumes that the strides are default while iterating over the tensor.
Corresponding commits:
* mlir-hlo: 16886a108eff5197f816ca0f1950cc5ff1b078d9
* stablehlo: 77a59815a82b34f7b08ed2d42a711d9920682d0e
* llvm-project: 4acc3ffbb0af5631bc7916aeff3570f448899647
* Adapt to ByteCodeOpInterface changes.
* Adapt to RegionBranchPoint changes: https://reviews.llvm.org/D159116
* Adapt inferReturnTypes to get the value from properties.
* Adapt invalid.mlir to properties syntax
* [TOSA] Align with custom assembly format change.
* [TOSA] handle change of axis to int32 type
* [TOSA] Restore improper convert to i32
Landing with Windows broken (it cannot be fixed because of the way the mlir-hlo dep is inserted). Will followup with an untangling.
---------
Co-authored-by: TatWai Chong <tatwai.chong@arm.com>
Co-authored-by: Eric Kunze <eric.kunze@arm.com>
* view_as_real test case, allow dtype in testutils.randn
* abstract python upstream func implemented
* fixed upstream dtype func, implemented view_as_real backend op
* formatted AtenViewAsRealOp, removed change in e2etest/framework
* removed test suit from reshape_like.py, because it's moved to basic.py
* implemented C-API wrapper for mlirComplexF128 type
* fixed torch.complex dtype width in MLIR and Torch MLIR, deleted float16 dtype dict
* Changed IR input of aten fft_fft unit test
* code refactored
* code refactored and fixed ci test
* refactored: removed white spaces, and rolled back to having both input/output affine expr
* refactored: deleted output affine expr to reduce redundancy
* xfail ltc backend
* removed ComplexImag and ComplexReal from torchdynamo xfail set
* copied and pasted from main branch as there's no change to be made in this file
* refactored abstract_interp_lib_gen.py
* refactored: torchtypes.td, formatted, removed commented out code
* Support brevitas custom op (#2320)
* f16 change for brevitas
* Adapt the change of brevitas quant custom op name
* Add unit tests
* Make brevitas conversions isolated
* Address the comments
---------
Co-authored-by: dan <danimal197@gmail.com>
* LTC/TorchMLIR multi-output operations support
* Update torch-mlir jit lowering to support ops with dynamic number of outputs
* Added support for aten::split_copy, aten::split_with_sizes_copy
* Fix native function for aten::split; cleanup code
* Fix TorchMlirTensorList lowering
* Remove xfails
This commit updates the `llvm-project` and `mlir-hlo` submodules to
commits:
llvm-project: a3f2751f782f3cdc6ba4790488ec20163a40ac37
mlir-hlo: 97c7e4b4506c3a2441c923e592833f45da439009
Changes made:
- Rename `getSuccessorEntryOperands` with `getEntrySuccessorOperands`
and remove `operands` from
`getSuccessorRegions` (https://reviews.llvm.org/D157506)
- Make `TypeConverter` a `const` (https://reviews.llvm.org/D157601)
* [MLIR][TORCH] Fix aten.cumsum lowering for int32 input (#2351)
Signed-Off By: Vivek Khandelwal <vivek@nod-labs.com>
[Stablehlo] Add converter to stablehlo for aten.(Int,Float,Bool).Tensor op (#2340)
[Stablehlo] Add converter to stablehlo for aten.(Int,Float,Bool).Tensor op and configure crashing e2e sets for stablehlo backend.
update PyTorch version to 2.1.0.dev20230729 (#2354)
- torch version: 2.1.0.dev20230729
- torch commit hash: b638df0afb83572724032c824c64e481bb4499a0
- torchvision version: 0.16.0.dev20230729
Co-authored-by: Roll PyTorch Action <torch-mlir@users.noreply.github.com>
update PyTorch version to 2.1.0.dev20230730 (#2356)
- torch version: 2.1.0.dev20230730
- torch commit hash: 0ff243ff350268cc98fe03fa6364375ee2824742
- torchvision version: 0.16.0.dev20230730
Co-authored-by: Roll PyTorch Action <torch-mlir@users.noreply.github.com>
update PyTorch version to 2.1.0.dev20230731 (#2359)
- torch version: 2.1.0.dev20230731
- torch commit hash: 6298ac688f8caafe30d71ff2ea2e20fbb32065c7
- torchvision version: 0.16.0.dev20230731
Co-authored-by: Roll PyTorch Action <torch-mlir@users.noreply.github.com>
LTC->MLIR Debug Info support (#1922)
* LTC->MLIR Debug Info support
* SW-95317 Propagate Lazy->Jit->MLIR scope name.
* Enhance location information based on op names
Currently, the location information attached to the ops just considers
the filename, line number and column number. Attaching operation name
would help identify the type of computation by just looking at the
profile of execution.
* Update locations logic; updated debug-info.py test
* Use {scope}/{op_name} format to track names by default
---------
Co-authored-by: Gleb Kazantaev <gleb.kazantaev@cerebras.net>
Co-authored-by: Mark Browning <mark@cerebras.net>
Co-authored-by: Vimal Patel <vimal@polymagelabs.com>
build: update llvm tag to 41895843
Summary of changes:
- Update tags
llvm: 41895843b5915bb78e9d02aa711fa10f7174db43
mhlo: 4726d31f7025da66de0dea709bd56c462edb83c2
Signed-Off By: Vivek Khandelwal <vivek@nod-labs.com>
update PyTorch version to 2.1.0.dev20230802 (#2366)
- torch version: 2.1.0.dev20230802
- torch commit hash: c89b16917755c2abbef7b6420e340baf9ae8089e
- torchvision version: 0.16.0.dev20230802
Co-authored-by: Roll PyTorch Action <torch-mlir@users.noreply.github.com>
Change Python version from 3.10 to 3.11 in installation instructions (#2370)
Add CITATION file (#2371)
Add packaging as an install dependency (#2369)
Needed by `torch_mlir._version`. Resolves#2368.
[Torch Dialect] emit aten.masked_scatter and aten.masked_scatter_ op (#2358)
* [Torch Dialect] emit aten.masked_scatter and aten.masked_scatter_ op
update PyTorch version to 2.1.0.dev20230803 (#2372)
- torch version: 2.1.0.dev20230803
- torch commit hash: f89c73be3a3e8274d025ac46a33a780853841c9e
- torchvision version: 0.16.0.dev20230803
Co-authored-by: Roll PyTorch Action <torch-mlir@users.noreply.github.com>
Prevent failed stable CI job from cancelling nightly jobs (#2373)
The CI jobs that use stable PyTorch are currently not required to pass
in order for a patch to get merged in `main`. This commit makes sure
that if a CI job for stable PyTorch fails, it does not cancel the
other required jobs.
[Torch Dialect] emit aten.tile op and decompose it into aten.repeat (#2355)
update
update xfail sets
update xfail_sets
update
fix xfail_sets
update:
update
update:
update
parent 22e88d523b1970b2e904eb5421d49d987a3d255e
author jianzhe.xiao <jianzhe.xiao@bytedance.com> 1691114110 +0800
committer jianzhe.xiao <jianzhe.xiao@bytedance.com> 1691114119 +0800
[Stablehlo] Add converter to stablehlo for aten.(Int,Float,Bool).Tensor op (#2340)
[Stablehlo] Add converter to stablehlo for aten.(Int,Float,Bool).Tensor op and configure crashing e2e sets for stablehlo backend.
update PyTorch version to 2.1.0.dev20230729 (#2354)
- torch version: 2.1.0.dev20230729
- torch commit hash: b638df0afb83572724032c824c64e481bb4499a0
- torchvision version: 0.16.0.dev20230729
Co-authored-by: Roll PyTorch Action <torch-mlir@users.noreply.github.com>
update PyTorch version to 2.1.0.dev20230730 (#2356)
- torch version: 2.1.0.dev20230730
- torch commit hash: 0ff243ff350268cc98fe03fa6364375ee2824742
- torchvision version: 0.16.0.dev20230730
Co-authored-by: Roll PyTorch Action <torch-mlir@users.noreply.github.com>
update PyTorch version to 2.1.0.dev20230731 (#2359)
- torch version: 2.1.0.dev20230731
- torch commit hash: 6298ac688f8caafe30d71ff2ea2e20fbb32065c7
- torchvision version: 0.16.0.dev20230731
Co-authored-by: Roll PyTorch Action <torch-mlir@users.noreply.github.com>
LTC->MLIR Debug Info support (#1922)
* LTC->MLIR Debug Info support
* SW-95317 Propagate Lazy->Jit->MLIR scope name.
* Enhance location information based on op names
Currently, the location information attached to the ops just considers
the filename, line number and column number. Attaching operation name
would help identify the type of computation by just looking at the
profile of execution.
* Update locations logic; updated debug-info.py test
* Use {scope}/{op_name} format to track names by default
---------
Co-authored-by: Gleb Kazantaev <gleb.kazantaev@cerebras.net>
Co-authored-by: Mark Browning <mark@cerebras.net>
Co-authored-by: Vimal Patel <vimal@polymagelabs.com>
build: update llvm tag to 41895843
Summary of changes:
- Update tags
llvm: 41895843b5915bb78e9d02aa711fa10f7174db43
mhlo: 4726d31f7025da66de0dea709bd56c462edb83c2
Signed-Off By: Vivek Khandelwal <vivek@nod-labs.com>
update PyTorch version to 2.1.0.dev20230802 (#2366)
- torch version: 2.1.0.dev20230802
- torch commit hash: c89b16917755c2abbef7b6420e340baf9ae8089e
- torchvision version: 0.16.0.dev20230802
Co-authored-by: Roll PyTorch Action <torch-mlir@users.noreply.github.com>
Change Python version from 3.10 to 3.11 in installation instructions (#2370)
Add CITATION file (#2371)
Add packaging as an install dependency (#2369)
Needed by `torch_mlir._version`. Resolves#2368.
[Torch Dialect] emit aten.masked_scatter and aten.masked_scatter_ op (#2358)
* [Torch Dialect] emit aten.masked_scatter and aten.masked_scatter_ op
update PyTorch version to 2.1.0.dev20230803 (#2372)
- torch version: 2.1.0.dev20230803
- torch commit hash: f89c73be3a3e8274d025ac46a33a780853841c9e
- torchvision version: 0.16.0.dev20230803
Co-authored-by: Roll PyTorch Action <torch-mlir@users.noreply.github.com>
Prevent failed stable CI job from cancelling nightly jobs (#2373)
The CI jobs that use stable PyTorch are currently not required to pass
in order for a patch to get merged in `main`. This commit makes sure
that if a CI job for stable PyTorch fails, it does not cancel the
other required jobs.
[Torch Dialect] emit aten.tile op and decompose it into aten.repeat (#2355)
update
update xfail sets
update xfail_sets
update
fix xfail_sets
update:
update
update:
add support for adaptive_pool_id
update xfail sets
update xfail_sets
update
fix xfail_sets
update:
update:
* update
---------
Co-authored-by: Vivek Khandelwal <vivekkhandelwal1424@gmail.com>
* add support for mhlo
* Add Test for torch.ne
* fix torch.ne shape/add static test case
* add support for static torch.ne
---------
Co-authored-by: root <root@n31-177-039.byted.org>
Before inlining a global slot, the users of the global slot are
checked to see if they are `ReadOnly` or `MemoryEffectFree` to make
sure that the global slot is not being mutated. Because the op
`copy.to_vtensor` currently does not have the `ReadOnly` trait, if a
global slot is passed to `copy.to_vtensor`, the pass
`InlineGlobalSlots` will fail.
The op `copy.to_vtensor` is `ReadOnly`, since it does not modify the
contents of the input tensor; it simply makes a new copy. This commit
adds the trait as well as an e2e test that generates the case of a
global slot being passed to a `copy.to_vtensor`.
Lowering torch operations that allow different compatible data types
in its operands to tosa end up generating invalid tosa IR with mixed
data types. In tosa spec, certain operations (generally element-wise
operations) require all operands to have the same data type.
Add wrapper functions for those element-wise tosa ops to perform op
creation with type conversion if necessary.
This commit adds dtype functions for all the torch ops that did not
previously have one and removes the pass `RefineTypes`, since the
abstract interpretation library now takes care of all the dtype
propagation.
All dtype functions added are tested except for
- `aten.embedding`
- `aten._embedding_bag`
- `aten.embedding_bag`
These functions need a change to the testing framework to allow
specifying the actual data inside the tensor used for testing. I will
fix this in a follow up patch.
Co-authored-by: Jiahao Li <liplus17@163.com>
-- This commit adds e2e support for atend.sort op.
-- 1. Adds aten.sort op in torch dialect.
-- 2. Adds tm_tensor.sort op in TMTensor dialect.
-- 3. Adds lowering of aten.sort -> tm_tensor.sort.
Signed-off-by: Abhishek Varma <abhishek@nod-labs.com>
-- This commit adds e2e support for aten.randint by decomposing it into
an aten.randint.low by setting low=0.
Signed-off-by: Abhishek Varma <abhishek@nod-labs.com>
This commits adds the support for cases for index_put_op:
1.) where index is a 2-d tensor.
2.) where indices is a list of tensors and none, with exactly
2 non none tensors along the consecutive dimensions.
This commit also adds a utility to compute the broadcast shape
given the two input tensors.
Signed-Off By: Vivek Khandelwal <vivek@nod-labs.com>
The ops `aten.convolution_overrideable` and
`aten.convolution_backward_overrideable` are currently not e2e tested
in Torch-MLIR. Moreover, there is no way to add e2e tests for them
because the ops cannot be called using the CPU backend (this also
prevents adding tested dtype functions for these ops). Since these two
ops are not expected to ever appear in PyTorch traces obtained through
standard means (https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/97481),
Torch-MLIR should not have to worry about them.
The `RecomposeComplexOps` pass currently does not have a TableGen
declaration and it is using the base class of `DecomposeComplexOps`,
which causes `--mlir-print-ir-after-all` to create wrong pass
labels. This commit fixes that as well as some minor typos in the name
of the pass.
Set PyTorch and TorchVision version to nightly release 2023-02-27.
This commit also adds the lowering for aten.add and aten.Float.Scalar op.
Signed-Off By: Vivek Khandelwal <vivek@nod-labs.com>
This patch replaces all MHLO operations with their StableHLO
counterparts and adds a validation pass to ensure that no MHLO operations
remain before translating all Stablehlo operations to the MHLO dialect
for further lowering to the Linalg dialect.
This patch also updates all lit tests so that they refer to the
`convert-torch-to-stablehlo` pass and so that they check for StableHLO
operations.
Rename BlockAndValueMapping to IRMapping
Moved PrimTupleConstructOp type validation to its own verifier as the
tablegen version does not work for a combination of variadic input and
non-variadic output.
One of the potential values for a `torch_upstream::ScalarType` is
`Undefined`. This means that conversion of a `ScalarType` to another
type is a computation that can fail. To enforce handling of the
failure case, this commit makes the two helper functions that convert
`ScalarType`s into other types return `failure()` when the
`ScalarType` is `Undefined`.
This reverts commit eaab9be207, since it
is causing the post-merge CI tests to fail, causing subsequent PRs to be
blocked. Specifically, the tests
`ElementwiseAtenLogicalAndOpPromoteBroadcastModule_basic` and
`ElementwiseAtenLogicalXorOpPromoteBroadcastModule_basic` fail because
the oracle does not match the computed result. This patch reverts the
commit to make the post-merge builds green again.
Summary of changes:
- LLVM now includes <optional> instead of "llvm/ADT/Optional.h" in most
(although not all) places
(https://reviews.llvm.org/rG541ef3d61e9341cd38420c0dbca9250c4d0ea04c).
This patch replaces the affected instances of `llvm::Optional` with
`std::optional`.
- In the usages of llvm::Optional that remain, llvm::Optional::value()
is deprecated, so this patch replaces them with a dereference.
In order to verify if a given IR satisfies the backend contract, the
verifier needs to know if decompositions took place, and if so, which
ops were decomposed and which were not.
This commit adds two arguments to `verifyBackendContractPass` to
specify if decompositions took place and which ops to consider backend
legal, similar to the arguments of `LowerToBackendContractPass`.
Summary of changes:
- Replace `llvm::None` with `std::nullopt`, since the former is deprecated
(https://reviews.llvm.org/D139763)
- Use setter for symbol visibility instead of passing string attribute when
creating FuncOp
* [custom op] Generalize shape library logic to work with dtypes
This commit generalizes the shape library logic, so that dtype rules
for ops can also be expressed using the same mechanism. In other
words, each op can now have a shape function and a dtype function
specified in Python that is imported during lowering to calculate the
shapes and dtypes throught a program. For more information about how
to specify a dtype function, see the updated
`docs/adding_a_shape_and_dtype_function.md`.
For those not familiar with how the shape library works, the file
`docs/calculations_lib.md` provides an overview.
Currently `getTensorRank` returns -1 if it was unable to get the rank
of the tensor. However, not every use in the codebase was checking the
return value, and in some cases, the return value was casted to
unsigned leading to some infinte loops when an unranked tensor reached
a decomposition.
This commit changes the return of `getTensorRank` to
`Optional<unsigned>` to make it clear to the user that the function
can fail.
This commit also changes a couple of for loops that iterate a vector
in reverse order that can potentially become infinite loops into
range-based for loops.
A circular dependency was introduced in e7edcc62fd.
Specifically, the `makeShapeLLVMCompatible` and `makeShapeTorchCompatible` utilities were being called from `lib/Dialect/Torch/IR/TorchTypes.cpp` and `lib/Dialect/Torch/IR/TorchOps.cpp` defined under the `:TorchMLIRTorchDialect` bazel target, leading it to take a dependency on `:TorchMLIRConversionUtils` which already depends on `:TorchMLIRTorchDialect`, hence creating a circular dependency.
This commit resolves the same by moving said utilities from `lib/Conversion/Utils/Utils.cpp` to `lib/Dialect/Torch/Utils/Utils.cpp`. Please LMK if there's a better way to fix this and I will update the code.
This commit also adds the required targets to support building the new conversions from Torch to ML Program dialect that was introduced in f416953600.
Bazel build GHA triggered manually to verify: https://github.com/sjain-stanford/torch-mlir/actions/runs/3645944517
- Support for non-prefixed accessors has been removed. See:
https://reviews.llvm.org/D136727
- Rename `operands` to `methodOperands` in `prim.CallMethod` since the
name `operands` overlaps with a builtin method name. See:
https://reviews.llvm.org/D136727
- Add passes in refbackend to lower memref.subview. See:
https://reviews.llvm.org/D136377
- Replace `CopyToValueTensorOps` first in `RewriteViewLikeSubgraph` in
maximize-value-semantics.
The current implementation of the `RewriteViewLikeSubgraph` pass in
maximize-value-semantics creates temporarily invalid IR. In
particular, given a forward slice starting from a
`CopyToNonValueTensorOp` and ending in `CopyToValueTensorOp`s, the
pass first replaces all uses of the `CopyToNonValueTensorOp` with
its operand, which results in all the `CopyToValueTensorOp` users
having their operand have type `!torch.vtensor`, which is invalid.
The correct way to do things is to first replace all the
`CopyToValueTensorOp`s with their operand, and then replace all uses
of the `CopyToNonValueTensorOp` with its operand.
This only started failing now because the generated accessor
`getOperand` for the `CopyToValueTensorOp` now returns a
`TypedValue<NonValueTensorType>`, which has an assert checking that
the value returned is of the expected type.
James Newling
Yuanqiang Liu
JianzheXiao
Jiawei Wu
Stella Laurenzo
Daniel Garvey
xiaolou86
Sarthak Gupta
Ze Zhang
Jae Hoon (Antonio) Kim
Vivek Khandelwal
saienduri
Gleb Kazantaev
David Gens
Bruce Kim
Ramiro Leal-Cavazos
Arham Khan
Jerin Philip
Quinn Dawkins
jinchen62
Chi_Liu
Jiawei Wu
Abhishek Varma
Maksim Levental
Matthias Gehre
JianzheXiao
Zhekun Zhang
Gaurav Shukla
Prateek Gupta
TatWai Chong
gpetters94
Prashant Kumar
rahul shrivastava
Sean Silva
Abhishek Varma
Alexandre Rames
Ziheng Jiang
Jiahao Li
Priya Savithiri
Prateek Gupta
Zachary Cetinic
Zachary Cetinic
Ashay Rane
Eric Kunze
Srirammaswamy
Shivam Gupta
Chi_Liu
Tanyo Kwok
ataheridezfouli-groq
Ahmed S. Taei
Sambhav Jain